Utilizing solar energy for conversion and chemical transformation is among the most promising strategies for achieving a “carbon net-zero” future. One of the cleanest approaches to this goal is particle-based photocatalytic water splitting. To enhance photocatalytic efficiency, oxynitrides have been developed as a promising material owing to their strong absorption in the visible range of solar irradiation and their well-suited energy levels for water splitting. Their low band gap, appropriate band edges, and theoretical solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies (STH) exceeding 10%, position oxynitrides as compelling candidates for industrial-scale H2 production. The properties of oxynitrides are engineered for efficient H2 production through various techniques, including co-catalyst loading, doping, size and shape tuning, heterojunction formation, and solid solution development. Structural modifications not only augment light absorption but also improve charge separation. This discussion covers different types of metal oxynitrides, the latest synthesis methods, structural modifications, the current advancements in quantitative H2 production, and charge separation mechanisms for enhanced efficiency. Additionally, we highlight the potential for rapid and straightforward optimization using advanced computational techniques in the future.
{"title":"Engineering structural variations in oxynitrides to boost photocatalytic hydrogen evolution: current advances and future directions","authors":"Hritika Dangwal , Shashank Sundriyal , Sanjeev Kumar , Bhavana Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing solar energy for conversion and chemical transformation is among the most promising strategies for achieving a “carbon net-zero” future. One of the cleanest approaches to this goal is particle-based photocatalytic water splitting. To enhance photocatalytic efficiency, oxynitrides have been developed as a promising material owing to their strong absorption in the visible range of solar irradiation and their well-suited energy levels for water splitting. Their low band gap, appropriate band edges, and theoretical solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies (STH) exceeding 10%, position oxynitrides as compelling candidates for industrial-scale H<sub>2</sub> production. The properties of oxynitrides are engineered for efficient H<sub>2</sub> production through various techniques, including co-catalyst loading, doping, size and shape tuning, heterojunction formation, and solid solution development. Structural modifications not only augment light absorption but also improve charge separation. This discussion covers different types of metal oxynitrides, the latest synthesis methods, structural modifications, the current advancements in quantitative H<sub>2</sub> production, and charge separation mechanisms for enhanced efficiency. Additionally, we highlight the potential for rapid and straightforward optimization using advanced computational techniques in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101250"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2026.101254
Zongrui Pei , Yilun Gong , Prashant Singh , Yue Li , Fritz Körmann , Qingge Xie , Kun Wang , Xiaoxiang Wu , Sai Mu , Michael C. Gao , Peter K. Liaw , Yang Tong , Fan Zhang , Yang Wang , Rui Li
Chemical short-range order (CSRO) is prevalent across many metals and alloys and has recently gained particular attention in concentrated alloys. The advent of complex concentrated alloys has spurred renewed interest in understanding and controlling CSRO. Here, we review recent experimental and theoretical progress on CSRO, highlighting both advancements and ongoing controversies, particularly regarding its impact on the physical properties of concentrated alloys. For example, a highly debated issue is the effect of CSRO on mechanical strength, which remains unresolved due to limited experimental measurements confined to a narrow annealing-temperature range, even for widely studied alloys like CoCrNi Evaluation of the CSRO effects on various physical properties is critical to answer a central question: Can CSRO be transformed into a practical alloy-engineering tool? We also identify critical gaps in the experimental and theoretical frameworks to achieve this goal. Despite the extensive study of CSRO, there remains a need for methodologies that enable its practical application in alloy design. We explore potential solutions, emphasizing the promising roles of machine-learning potentials and additive manufacturing in creating novel avenues for CSRO control.
{"title":"Can chemical short-range order be transformed into a practical alloy-engineering tool?","authors":"Zongrui Pei , Yilun Gong , Prashant Singh , Yue Li , Fritz Körmann , Qingge Xie , Kun Wang , Xiaoxiang Wu , Sai Mu , Michael C. Gao , Peter K. Liaw , Yang Tong , Fan Zhang , Yang Wang , Rui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2026.101254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2026.101254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical short-range order (CSRO) is prevalent across many metals and alloys and has recently gained particular attention in concentrated alloys. The advent of complex concentrated alloys has spurred renewed interest in understanding and controlling CSRO. Here, we review recent experimental and theoretical progress on CSRO, highlighting both advancements and ongoing controversies, particularly regarding its impact on the physical properties of concentrated alloys. For example, a highly debated issue is the effect of CSRO on mechanical strength, which remains unresolved due to limited experimental measurements confined to a narrow annealing-temperature range, even for widely studied alloys like CoCrNi Evaluation of the CSRO effects on various physical properties is critical to answer a central question: Can CSRO be transformed into a practical alloy-engineering tool? We also identify critical gaps in the experimental and theoretical frameworks to achieve this goal. Despite the extensive study of CSRO, there remains a need for methodologies that enable its practical application in alloy design. We explore potential solutions, emphasizing the promising roles of machine-learning potentials and additive manufacturing in creating novel avenues for CSRO control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101254"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101253
Bruce A. Pint
As progress continues towards commercial fusion power plants, liquid breeders offer many advantages. However, the most likely candidates, Li, eutectic Pb-Li and (LiF)2-(BeF) (FLiBe) molten salt all have concerns about their compatibility with structural and functional materials in the blanket and ancillary equipment, especially during full scale operation. For all three liquids, technology gaps include purity standards, predictive modeling and an understanding of how magnetic fields and especially radiation will affect compatibility. For Li, there is reasonable compatibility with reduced activation ferritic-martensitic (RAFM) steels and V alloys but catastrophic degradation of SiC. Solutions to mitigate the magneto-hydrodynamic pressure drop need to be demonstrated (e.g. coatings or flow channel inserts), for both Li and Pb-Li blankets. Considerable recent research has been dedicated to Pb-Li blanket concepts. Without protective coatings to inhibit dissolution, RAFM steels are limited to ∼ 475 °C. For higher temperatures, considerable work has investigated Al2O3 or Al-containing coatings, which now require larger scale demonstration beyond coupon testing. The least information is available for FLiBe compatibility with fusion-relevant materials and flowing experiments are needed to determine the compatibility limits for SiC, V alloys and RAFM steels. For steels, equilibrium with FLiBe requires some level of Fe and Cr dissolved in the salt. If a neutron multiplier is needed, initial experiments at 650 °C suggest that beryllides in contact with FLiBe will react with RAFM steel to form Fe-Be reaction products. FLiBe blankets may require a compatible tritium permeation barrier that needs to be developed and demonstrated.
{"title":"The fusion liquid breeder compatibility gap: Thoughts on issues to address for a fusion power plant","authors":"Bruce A. Pint","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As progress continues towards commercial fusion power plants, liquid breeders offer many advantages. However, the most likely candidates, Li, eutectic Pb-Li and (LiF)<sub>2</sub>-(BeF) (FLiBe) molten salt all have concerns about their compatibility with structural and functional materials in the blanket and ancillary equipment, especially during full scale operation. For all three liquids, technology gaps include purity standards, predictive modeling and an understanding of how magnetic fields and especially radiation will affect compatibility. For Li, there is reasonable compatibility with reduced activation ferritic-martensitic (RAFM) steels and V alloys but catastrophic degradation of SiC. Solutions to mitigate the magneto-hydrodynamic pressure drop need to be demonstrated (e.g. coatings or flow channel inserts), for both Li and Pb-Li blankets. Considerable recent research has been dedicated to Pb-Li blanket concepts. Without protective coatings to inhibit dissolution, RAFM steels are limited to ∼ 475 °C. For higher temperatures, considerable work has investigated Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> or Al-containing coatings, which now require larger scale demonstration beyond coupon testing. The least information is available for FLiBe compatibility with fusion-relevant materials and flowing experiments are needed to determine the compatibility limits for SiC, V alloys and RAFM steels. For steels, equilibrium with FLiBe requires some level of Fe and Cr dissolved in the salt. If a neutron multiplier is needed, initial experiments at 650 °C suggest that beryllides in contact with FLiBe will react with RAFM steel to form Fe-Be reaction products. FLiBe blankets may require a compatible tritium permeation barrier that needs to be developed and demonstrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101253"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101251
Niraj Kumar , Seul-Yi Lee , Soo-Jin Park
The global demand for efficient and sustainable energy storage has driven research on high-performance supercapacitors as battery complements. This review analyzes recent advancements in the material design of supercapacitors, emphasizing the relationship between the structure, composition, and electrochemical performance. It categorizes developments in carbon-based materials, transition metal oxides and hydroxides, and metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived composites, highlighting how nanostructuring, heteroatom doping, and hybridization enhance the charge storage capacity, conductivity, and cycling stability of these materials. This review integrates insights from recent experimental and theoretical studies to clarify the electrochemical double-layer and pseudocapacitive mechanisms and provides a comparative evaluation of the energy and power density benchmarks. Key findings show that hierarchical porosity, conductive interfaces, and defect engineering improve ion transport and redox kinetics, while sustainable synthesis from biomass precursors and low-temperature processing address scalability and environmental concerns. These findings have implications for the design of next-generation flexible, hybrid, and high-voltage supercapacitors for renewable energy and wearable electronics. This review offers a roadmap for advancing material innovations to enhance the performance, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of supercapacitor technologies.
{"title":"Bridging EDLC and pseudocapacitive mechanisms through materials design: recent advances in supercapacitor electrodes","authors":"Niraj Kumar , Seul-Yi Lee , Soo-Jin Park","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global demand for efficient and sustainable energy storage has driven research on high-performance supercapacitors as battery complements. This review analyzes recent advancements in the material design of supercapacitors, emphasizing the relationship between the structure, composition, and electrochemical performance. It categorizes developments in carbon-based materials, transition metal oxides and hydroxides, and metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived composites, highlighting how nanostructuring, heteroatom doping, and hybridization enhance the charge storage capacity, conductivity, and cycling stability of these materials. This review integrates insights from recent experimental and theoretical studies to clarify the electrochemical double-layer and pseudocapacitive mechanisms and provides a comparative evaluation of the energy and power density benchmarks. Key findings show that hierarchical porosity, conductive interfaces, and defect engineering improve ion transport and redox kinetics, while sustainable synthesis from biomass precursors and low-temperature processing address scalability and environmental concerns. These findings have implications for the design of next-generation flexible, hybrid, and high-voltage supercapacitors for renewable energy and wearable electronics. This review offers a roadmap for advancing material innovations to enhance the performance, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of supercapacitor technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101251"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101249
Shuangwen Li , Jiaqi Liu , Yufei Bi , Guomin Fu , Haobo Chai , Xiaohan Wang , Yuchen Yue , Haoran An , Wei Feng
The rapid development of graphene-based sensors has significant implications for addressing the urgent need for highly sensitive, responsive and reusable sensors in all areas of life. Its excellent electrical performance and mechanical flexibility make it the ideal material in the field of intelligent sensors. In addition, the interfacial adjustability of graphene materials further expands the boundary of application. This review provides a detailed review of the progress of graphene-based sensors. It conducts in-depth research on the working principle and systematically explores the applications of graphene-based sensors in four aspects: environmental monitoring, healthcare diagnostics, food safety and industrial applications. With the advancement of Industry 4.0, manufacturing systems are increasingly emphasizing intelligent interconnectivity, automation and decisions informed by data. It has created a growing demand for sensors with greater adaptability and improved accuracy. In response to these evolving requirements, artificial intelligence has become one of the essential technologies supporting this new industrial paradigm. By combining experimental data with intelligent algorithms, this approach not only predicts changes in material properties but also optimizes the structural design of sensors.
{"title":"Graphene-based sensors for multiscenario applications: from functional interface engineering to artificial intelligence-driven optimization","authors":"Shuangwen Li , Jiaqi Liu , Yufei Bi , Guomin Fu , Haobo Chai , Xiaohan Wang , Yuchen Yue , Haoran An , Wei Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid development of graphene-based sensors has significant implications for addressing the urgent need for highly sensitive, responsive and reusable sensors in all areas of life. Its excellent electrical performance and mechanical flexibility make it the ideal material in the field of intelligent sensors. In addition, the interfacial adjustability of graphene materials further expands the boundary of application. This review provides a detailed review of the progress of graphene-based sensors. It conducts in-depth research on the working principle and systematically explores the applications of graphene-based sensors in four aspects: environmental monitoring, healthcare diagnostics, food safety and industrial applications. With the advancement of Industry 4.0, manufacturing systems are increasingly emphasizing intelligent interconnectivity, automation and decisions informed by data. It has created a growing demand for sensors with greater adaptability and improved accuracy. In response to these evolving requirements, artificial intelligence has become one of the essential technologies supporting this new industrial paradigm. By combining experimental data with intelligent algorithms, this approach not only predicts changes in material properties but also optimizes the structural design of sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101249"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101252
Xiaolan Luo , Bo Liu , Weixiong Li , Guangzhong Xie , Bei Li , Hong Yuan , Yuanjie Su
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensors commonly suffer from high operating temperatures, complex sensing systems, and excessive energy consumption, hindering large-scale deployment in sensor networks. Herein, we reported a NO2 gas sensor by integrating thermoelectric and gas-sensing functions. Pure polypyrrole (PPy) and multi-walled carbon nanotube/ polypyrrole (MWCNT/PPy) composites were synthesized via in-situ polymerization. Specifically, PPy functions dually as a NO2-sensitive material and a thermoelectric element, harnessing thermoelectric effects to enable sensor operation. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) was employed to investigate the electronic transport properties of the conductive polymer PPy. Both characterization and computational studies demonstrate that the MWCNT/PPy composite simultaneously enhances gas chemisorption capacity and thermoelectric response. Notably, an incorporation of MWCNT contributes to a gain of 207 % in adsorbing NO2 molecules. A MWCNT doping content of 0.375 wt% leads to a 42.05 % enhancement in Seebeck coefficient and an optimal responsivity (55.50 %) toward 300 ppm NO2, which is 5.35 times that of the undoped version. This work presents a novel research paradigm for thermoelectric-driven gas sensors, and lays a theoretical foundation for future applications in monitoring automotive exhaust and oceanic vessel gas leaks.
{"title":"A Thermoelectric-Driven nitrogen dioxide gas sensor based on Multiwall carbon Nanotube/Polypyrrole composites","authors":"Xiaolan Luo , Bo Liu , Weixiong Li , Guangzhong Xie , Bei Li , Hong Yuan , Yuanjie Su","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) gas sensors commonly suffer from high operating temperatures, complex sensing systems, and excessive energy consumption, hindering large-scale deployment in sensor networks. Herein, we reported a NO<sub>2</sub> gas sensor by integrating thermoelectric and gas-sensing functions. Pure polypyrrole (PPy) and multi-walled carbon nanotube/ polypyrrole (MWCNT/PPy) composites were synthesized <em>via in-situ</em> polymerization. Specifically, PPy functions dually as a NO<sub>2</sub>-sensitive material and a thermoelectric element, harnessing thermoelectric effects to enable sensor operation. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) was employed to investigate the electronic transport properties of the conductive polymer PPy. Both characterization and computational studies demonstrate that the MWCNT/PPy composite simultaneously enhances gas chemisorption capacity and thermoelectric response. Notably, an incorporation of MWCNT contributes to a gain of 207 % in adsorbing NO<sub>2</sub> molecules. A MWCNT doping content of 0.375 wt% leads to a 42.05 % enhancement in Seebeck coefficient and an optimal responsivity (55.50 %) toward 300 ppm NO<sub>2</sub>, which is 5.35 times that of the undoped version. This work presents a novel research paradigm for thermoelectric-driven gas sensors, and lays a theoretical foundation for future applications in monitoring automotive exhaust and oceanic vessel gas leaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101252"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101248
Sorour Sadeghzade , Ajinkya Nene , Chengchen Guo
Microgel-based bioinks, comprising densely packed microgel particles, are emerging biomaterials that advance 3D bioprinting technologies due to their customizable physical and biological properties. These bioinks enable the fabrication of complex three-dimensional structures that partially reproduce some features of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby supporting improved cellular viability, proliferation, and tissue regeneration compared to traditional materials. This review focuses on the design strategies, properties, and characterizations of microgel-based bioinks, highlighting their transformative role in diverse biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and disease modeling. We first introduce fabrication methods used to produce microgels with tunable properties. The development of functionalized microgel-based bioinks for various 3D bioprinting techniques is then summarized, with a focus on structural design and property control, including rheological, mechanical, biological properties as well as printability. Integration of functional components, such as conductive materials, to develop stimulus-responsive microgels is also discussed, offering pathways to create dynamic and adaptive structures for advanced biomedical applications. Furthermore, we critically review the application of 3D-printed microgel-based structures in engineering complex tissues and constructing in vitro disease models, demonstrating their ability to support diverse cellular environments, including skin, bone, liver, and neural systems. These platforms also facilitate drug screening and tissue repair. Lastly, future perspectives are provided to tackle the challenges in the ongoing development and practical applications of microgel-based. Advancements in microgel design and preparation, innovative fabrication strategies, and a mechanistic understanding of microgel-cell interactions are expected to further facilitate 3D bioprinting using microgel-based bioinks for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
{"title":"Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting based on microgel: design, properties, and applications","authors":"Sorour Sadeghzade , Ajinkya Nene , Chengchen Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microgel-based bioinks, comprising densely packed microgel particles, are emerging biomaterials that advance 3D bioprinting technologies due to their customizable physical and biological properties. These bioinks enable the fabrication of complex three-dimensional structures that partially reproduce some features of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby supporting improved cellular viability, proliferation, and tissue regeneration compared to traditional materials. This review focuses on the design strategies, properties, and characterizations of microgel-based bioinks, highlighting their transformative role in diverse biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and disease modeling. We first introduce fabrication methods used to produce microgels with tunable properties. The development of functionalized microgel-based bioinks for various 3D bioprinting techniques is then summarized, with a focus on structural design and property control, including rheological, mechanical, biological properties as well as printability. Integration of functional components, such as conductive materials, to develop stimulus-responsive microgels is also discussed, offering pathways to create dynamic and adaptive structures for advanced biomedical applications. Furthermore, we critically review the application of 3D-printed microgel-based structures in engineering complex tissues and constructing <em>in vitro</em> disease models, demonstrating their ability to support diverse cellular environments, including skin, bone, liver, and neural systems. These platforms also facilitate drug screening and tissue repair. Lastly, future perspectives are provided to tackle the challenges in the ongoing development and practical applications of microgel-based. Advancements in microgel design and preparation, innovative fabrication strategies, and a mechanistic understanding of microgel-cell interactions are expected to further facilitate 3D bioprinting using microgel-based bioinks for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101248"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101247
Joel Gutierrez-Martinez , D. Ricardo Martinez-Vargas , Esmeralda Vences-Alvarez, Paola Arjona-Jaime, María Irene López-Cázares, Luis E. Rios-Saldaña, Elizabeth D. Isaacs-Páez, Mercedes Quijano-Meza, Carmen Rocha-Medina, Rene Rangel-Mendez
Recent advances in the characterization of carbon-based materials for cutting-edge applications have highlighted the importance of understanding their physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties. These insights have led to the development of specific interrelations key surface-related parameters. Of particular interest is the relation between porous and non-porous carbon materials and their interfacial interactions with surrounding environments. For over two decades, the difference between the point of zero charge (pHPZC) and the isoelectric point (pH(I)) has been considered indicative of the surface charge distribution in porous carbons. Simultaneously, the increasing relevance of carbon materials in electrochemical systems has driven interest in the potential of zero charge (EPZC), which provides information on how the surface charge of an electrode responds to an applied electric potential, and how the surface potential responds to changes in the surface chemistry of the electrode. Considering the substantial influence of the surface chemistry on these three parameters, they are certainly correlated, which can be established based on theoretical and experimental fundamentals of pH(I), pHPZC, and EPZC. Unfortunately, to date, no single study has addressed all three parameters simultaneously; only partial correlations have been reported. This review aims to provide a comprehensive interpretation of these three physical properties using activated carbon (AC) as a reference material, given its extensive use in technological applications. Insights derived from AC provide a robust conceptual framework that can be extended to other carbonaceous systems, particularly in adsorption and electrochemical applications. Notably, the review contends that, although the parameters may not correlate directly, they can still be used together to more effectively explain interfacial phenomena in various carbon-based materials.
{"title":"Point of zero charge, isoelectric point, and potential of zero charge on activated carbons: A comprehensive interpretation about their interrelation","authors":"Joel Gutierrez-Martinez , D. Ricardo Martinez-Vargas , Esmeralda Vences-Alvarez, Paola Arjona-Jaime, María Irene López-Cázares, Luis E. Rios-Saldaña, Elizabeth D. Isaacs-Páez, Mercedes Quijano-Meza, Carmen Rocha-Medina, Rene Rangel-Mendez","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in the characterization of carbon-based materials for cutting-edge applications have highlighted the importance of understanding their physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties. These insights have led to the development of specific interrelations key surface-related parameters. Of particular interest is the relation between porous and non-porous carbon materials and their interfacial interactions with surrounding environments. For over two decades, the difference between the point of zero charge (pH<sub>PZC</sub>) and the isoelectric point (pH(I)) has been considered indicative of the surface charge distribution in porous carbons. Simultaneously, the increasing relevance of carbon materials in electrochemical systems has driven interest in the potential of zero charge (E<sub>PZC</sub>), which provides information on how the surface charge of an electrode responds to an applied electric potential, and how the surface potential responds to changes in the surface chemistry of the electrode. Considering the substantial influence of the surface chemistry on these three parameters, they are certainly correlated, which can be established based on theoretical and experimental fundamentals of pH(I), pH<sub>PZC</sub>, and E<sub>PZC</sub>. Unfortunately, to date, no single study has addressed all three parameters simultaneously; only partial correlations have been reported. This review aims to provide a comprehensive interpretation of these three physical properties using activated carbon (AC) as a reference material, given its extensive use in technological applications. Insights derived from AC provide a robust conceptual framework that can be extended to other carbonaceous systems, particularly in adsorption and electrochemical applications. Notably, the review contends that, although the parameters may not correlate directly, they can still be used together to more effectively explain interfacial phenomena in various carbon-based materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101247"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101243
Ashish Kumar , Lei Shi , Virendra Pratap Singh , Sudipta Mohapatra , Long Li , Chuansong Wu , Sergey Mironov , Amitava De
Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) is an emergent solid-state additive manufacturing (AM) technique that operates below the melting point temperature of the materials, resulting in lower residual stresses and reduced susceptibility to defects like porosity and hot-cracking compared to fusion-based methods. These benefits position AFSD as a viable alternative to traditional forging for large-scale applications in the aerospace, automotive, marine, and nuclear industries. The interest on AFSD is progressing at a rapid pace and a periodic comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art is of major interest. This comprehensive review presents a detailed summary of key fundamentals, including material flow behaviour and heat generation mechanisms, alongside a critical evaluation of microstructural evolution. Comparative analyses across aluminum, magnesium, titanium, steels, nickel-based superalloys, and high entropy alloys illustrate the diverse grain refinement mechanisms and structural responses that govern the final properties of AFSD-fabricated components. The review places further emphasis on emerging strategies for process modeling and optimization, with particular attention to the integration of machine learning approaches that offer promising insights into real-time defect detection and adaptive process control. The review concludes by addressing the key challenges limiting the industrial translation of AFSD, including surface quality, dimensional accuracy, consistency in multi-material builds, and sustainable material utilization. Perspectives are offered on the development of integrated digital frameworks and real-time monitoring systems. By providing a comprehensive and focused synthesis, this review aims to support the wider adoption of AFSD and foster innovation in solid-state additive manufacturing. It is believed that an advancement of the substantive understanding will expedite the potential industrial implementation of the AFSD technique.
{"title":"State-of-the-art review of additive friction stir deposition: microstructural evolution, machine learning applications, and future directions","authors":"Ashish Kumar , Lei Shi , Virendra Pratap Singh , Sudipta Mohapatra , Long Li , Chuansong Wu , Sergey Mironov , Amitava De","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) is an emergent solid-state additive manufacturing (AM) technique that operates below the melting point temperature of the materials, resulting in lower residual stresses and reduced susceptibility to defects like porosity and hot-cracking compared to fusion-based methods. These benefits position AFSD as a viable alternative to traditional forging for large-scale applications in the aerospace, automotive, marine, and nuclear industries. The interest on AFSD is progressing at a rapid pace and a periodic comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art is of major interest. This comprehensive review presents a detailed summary of key fundamentals, including material flow behaviour and heat generation mechanisms, alongside a critical evaluation of microstructural evolution. Comparative analyses across aluminum, magnesium, titanium, steels, nickel-based superalloys, and high entropy alloys illustrate the diverse grain refinement mechanisms and structural responses that govern the final properties of AFSD-fabricated components. The review places further emphasis on emerging strategies for process modeling and optimization, with particular attention to the integration of machine learning approaches that offer promising insights into real-time defect detection and adaptive process control. The review concludes by addressing the key challenges limiting the industrial translation of AFSD, including surface quality, dimensional accuracy, consistency in multi-material builds, and sustainable material utilization. Perspectives are offered on the development of integrated digital frameworks and real-time monitoring systems. By providing a comprehensive and focused synthesis, this review aims to support the wider adoption of AFSD and foster innovation in solid-state additive manufacturing. It is believed that an advancement of the substantive understanding will expedite the potential industrial implementation of the AFSD technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101243"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145645767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101242
Lance Snead , Nirmala Rani , Praveen Negi , Koroush Shirvan , Liam Hines , Akhil Kolanti , Luv Gurni , Jose D. Arregui-Mena , Mingxi Ouyang , Tony Wickham , Jun Ohashi , Yasuto Sato , David Sprouster
Graphite has been used in large volumes as a structural material and neutron moderator since the earliest days of nuclear fission. However, no international consensus exists on the disposal of irradiated graphite, leaving much of the historic radioactive graphite inventory in interim vault or silo storage. With several new graphite-moderated reactors planned or under construction, the issue of graphite waste management is becoming increasingly urgent.
This paper reviews and quantifies impurities in both historic and modern nuclear graphite, with emphasis on nitrogen—responsible for much of the 14C inventory—and chlorine, which plays a critical role in repository performance and design. Modern graphites, benefitting from stringent quality-control measures developed for non-nuclear industries, meet or exceed the ASTM Ultra-High Purity nuclear standards, even without halide purification. Both chlorine and nitrogen concentrations have declined over time. For chlorine, identified as a key impurity influencing U.S. waste repository design, we propose a target of 0.1 appm in as-fabricated billets as a reasonable benchmark. Nitrogen sources are traced throughout the graphite production process, with surface and bulk concentrations characterized for all materials studied. Modern graphites commonly exhibit nitrogen levels below 5 appm, with values approaching 1 appm achievable. Using such reduced-nitrogen grades is critical to keeping graphite-induced radioactivity below the greater-than-Class-C waste threshold, thereby avoiding disposal cost penalties of nearly an order of magnitude.
{"title":"Historic and modern nuclear graphite impurities: Pathways to improved waste strategies","authors":"Lance Snead , Nirmala Rani , Praveen Negi , Koroush Shirvan , Liam Hines , Akhil Kolanti , Luv Gurni , Jose D. Arregui-Mena , Mingxi Ouyang , Tony Wickham , Jun Ohashi , Yasuto Sato , David Sprouster","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphite has been used in large volumes as a structural material and neutron moderator since the earliest days of nuclear fission. However, no international consensus exists on the disposal of irradiated graphite, leaving much of the historic radioactive graphite inventory in interim vault or silo storage. With several new graphite-moderated reactors planned or under construction, the issue of graphite waste management is becoming increasingly urgent.</div><div>This paper reviews and quantifies impurities in both historic and modern nuclear graphite, with emphasis on nitrogen—responsible for much of the <sup>14</sup>C inventory—and chlorine, which plays a critical role in repository performance and design. Modern graphites, benefitting from stringent quality-control measures developed for non-nuclear industries, meet or exceed the ASTM Ultra-High Purity nuclear standards, even without halide purification. Both chlorine and nitrogen concentrations have declined over time. For chlorine, identified as a key impurity influencing U.S. waste repository design, we propose a target of 0.1 appm in as-fabricated billets as a reasonable benchmark. Nitrogen sources are traced throughout the graphite production process, with surface and bulk concentrations characterized for all materials studied. Modern graphites commonly exhibit nitrogen levels below 5 appm, with values approaching 1 appm achievable. Using such reduced-nitrogen grades is critical to keeping graphite-induced radioactivity below the greater-than-Class-C waste threshold, thereby avoiding disposal cost penalties of nearly an order of magnitude.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101242"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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