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The nightmares of the heteronormative 异性恋的噩梦
Pub Date : 2000-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/14797580009367210
R. Ferguson
Abstract Race and sexuality have always intersected in African‐American racial formation. In this article, I argue that this intersection has inspired certain epistemological, political, economic and cultural formations. In terms of epistemology, American sociology and African‐American literature have historically addressed the connections between race and sexuality. Both were interested in the ways that African‐American racial formation transgressed ideal heterosexual and patriarchal boundaries. As far as cultural formations were concerned, such transgressions materially and symbolically aligned African‐American racial formation with homosexuality. Attending to the political and economic effect of this alignment, I maintain that it helped to articulate African‐American racial difference and worked to exclude African‐Americans from the privileges of state and capital. Thus, the article argues that African‐American racial subordination can best be understood as it converges with heteronormative and patriarchal modes of regulation and exclusion. After showing how the most prominent sociology during the 1940s (Gunnar Myrdal's American Dilemma: The Negro and American Democracy) marked African‐Americans as pathologically heterosexual, I go on to read James Baldwin's Go Tell It on the Mountain to determine how the alignment between blackness and homosexuality suggests alternative and oppositional epistemological, cultural and political practices.
在非裔美国人的种族形成过程中,种族和性别一直是交叉的。在本文中,我认为这种交集激发了某些认识论、政治、经济和文化的形成。在认识论方面,美国社会学和非裔美国文学历史上一直关注种族与性之间的联系。两人都对非裔美国人的种族形成如何超越理想的异性恋和父权界限感兴趣。就文化形成而言,这种越界在物质上和象征上使非裔美国人的种族形成与同性恋一致。考虑到这种结盟的政治和经济影响,我认为它有助于阐明非裔美国人的种族差异,并致力于将非裔美国人排除在国家和资本的特权之外。因此,本文认为,非裔美国人的种族从属关系可以最好地理解为它与异性规范和父权制的监管和排斥模式的融合。在展示了20世纪40年代最杰出的社会学(Gunnar Myrdal的《美国困境:黑人与美国民主》)如何将非裔美国人标记为病态异性恋之后,我继续阅读詹姆斯·鲍德温的《去山上说吧》,以确定黑人和同性恋之间的结盟如何表明了认识论、文化和政治实践的替代和对立。
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引用次数: 22
The promise of Lauren Berlant: An interview 劳伦·伯兰特的承诺:一次采访
Pub Date : 2000-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/14797580009367213
Imogen Tyler, E. Loizidou
Lauren Berlant is Professor of̂ English and the Humanities at the University of Chicago. Berlant's research and published work reflect an inter-disciplinary trajectory and a (counter) political agenda. She works between several academic disciplines, English, Law, Cultural studies, Politics, Queer studies, and Women's studies. What binds her different projects together is her interest in the force of optimism in peoples' attachments to each other and to concepts, for example, of the good life, good intentions, political worlds, and transparent affects (such as love and pain). These attachments are especially animated in proximity to the formal institutions of collective life, such as the family, academia, and the nation, but are engendered in conventional practices as well. Berlant is soon to complete a trilogy of books which focus on questions of national fantasy and citizenship. In the first, The Anatomy of National Fantasy: Hawthorne, Utopia and Everyday Life (University of Chicago Press, 1991) Berlant argues that citizenship is the place where nationality, subjectivity, and agency meet. In the final book in the trilogy, The Queen of America Goes to Washington City: Essays on Sex and Citizenship (Duke University Press, 1997), Berlant focuses more explicitly on the question of the citizen, via an analysis of the privatisation of national culture in the Reaganite period. This book uses the pilgrimage to Washington narrative as its structuring trope and asks why things that cannot act as citizens foetuses and children, for example bear so much of the burden of defining official and popular discussions of citizenship in contemporary mass national culture. She analyses the relationship between the hegemonic politics of intimacy that places sex and family at the centre of national life and structural economic and cultural forces that also engender subjectivity, fantasy, and value. The trilogy will soon be completed by The Female Complaint: the Unfinished Business of American Sentimentality, a book about 'women's culture' and its historic role in the production of national/capitalist norms of affect and identity. Along with this trilogy, she has recently edited Intimacy (University of Chicago Press, 2000), an elaboration of an issue of Critical Inquiry, of which she is co-editor. In the interview we have tried to engage with the promise that emerged out of our conversations with Berlant, which involved initial face to face meetings in Lancaster and Chicago and culminated in the 'live' transatlantic e-mail interview transcribed here. We have directed
劳伦·伯兰特(Lauren Berlant)是芝加哥大学英语和人文学科教授。伯兰特的研究和发表的作品反映了一个跨学科的轨迹和一个(反)政治议程。她的工作涉及多个学科,包括英语、法律、文化研究、政治、酷儿研究和妇女研究。将她不同的项目联系在一起的是她对乐观主义力量的兴趣,以及人们对彼此和概念的依恋,例如,美好的生活,良好的意图,政治世界和透明的情感(如爱和痛苦)。这些依恋在接近集体生活的正式机构时尤其活跃,例如家庭、学术界和国家,但也在传统实践中产生。伯兰特即将完成三部曲,主要关注国家幻想和公民身份问题。在第一本书《民族幻想剖析:霍桑、乌托邦与日常生活》(芝加哥大学出版社,1991年)中,伯兰特认为公民身份是民族性、主体性和能动性交汇的地方。在三部曲的最后一本书《美国女王去华盛顿:性与公民随笔》(杜克大学出版社,1997年)中,伯兰特通过对里根时期民族文化私有化的分析,更明确地关注了公民问题。这本书用华盛顿朝圣的故事作为结构修辞,并问为什么不能作为公民的东西,比如胎儿和儿童,在当代大众国家文化中承担了如此多的负担,来定义官方和大众对公民身份的讨论。她分析了将性和家庭置于国家生活中心的亲密政治霸权与产生主体性、幻想和价值的结构性经济和文化力量之间的关系。三部曲很快将以《女性的抱怨:美国感伤的未完事业》完成,这本书是关于“女性文化”及其在产生国家/资本主义情感和身份规范中的历史作用。除了这三部曲,她最近还编辑了《亲密》(芝加哥大学出版社,2000年),详细阐述了《批判性探究》的一期,她是该书的共同编辑。在采访中,我们试图与伯兰特的谈话中出现的承诺进行接触,其中包括在兰开斯特和芝加哥进行的最初的面对面会面,并以“现场”跨大西洋电子邮件采访结束。我们已经指导过
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引用次数: 3
The people of California are suffering': The ideology of white injury in discourses of immigration “加州人民正在受苦”:移民话语中的白人伤害意识形态
Pub Date : 2000-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/14797580009367209
L. Cacho
Abstract This article examines how the ideology of white injury both conceals and sustains inequitable social relations in turn‐of‐the‐millenium California. Understanding the political and economic context of California in the early 1990s in relation to media, law, and culture helps explain why Californian citizens passed the unconstitutional initiative, Proposition 187, in 1994. Targeting undocumented Mexican immigrants, this ‘color‐blind’ Proposition functioned to conflate economic insecurities with racial anxieties. An analysis of culture, law, and media discloses how racial anxieties limit our understandings of exploitative capitalist relations, serving to artificially augment the white middle‐class ‘ wealth, opportunities, and power, while making vulnerable populations in the United States even more open to exploitation.
摘要:本文考察了白人伤害的意识形态如何掩盖和维持了千年加州的不平等社会关系。从媒体、法律和文化等方面了解加州在20世纪90年代早期的政治和经济背景,有助于解释为什么加州公民在1994年通过了违宪的187号提案。针对无证墨西哥移民,这种“不分肤色”的主张将经济不安全感与种族焦虑混为一谈。对文化、法律和媒体的分析揭示了种族焦虑如何限制了我们对剥削性资本主义关系的理解,人为地增加了白人中产阶级的财富、机会和权力,同时使美国的弱势群体更容易受到剥削。
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引用次数: 41
Schizocapital and the branding of American psychosis 精神分裂症和美国精神病的烙印
Pub Date : 2000-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/14797580009367212
Scott Wilson
Abstract This essay reads Deleuze and Guattari's Anti‐Oedipus, somewhat perversely, as a radical Lacanian means of conceptualizing hypermodern capitalism. If, as Deleuze and Guattari argue, it is psychoanalysis that rediscovers and retraces the death instinct in classical, nineteenth‐century capitalism, Deleuze and Guattari's schizoanalysis better exemplifies the ways in which the deterritorializing flows of twenty‐frrst‐century global capitalism have overcoded and overwritten that classical, nineteenth‐century order of things. Taking Bret Easton Ellis's novel, American Psycho as its symptomatic text, this essay discusses the implications, raised hysterically in the novel, of an unrestricted economy in which the ‘subject’ is no longer held in place by a governing (master or paternal) signifier in relation to a traditional symbolic order. The essay shows how Lacan's notion of ‘the Other’ has been reconfigured, in relation to consumer capitalism, such that it takes the form of a purely machinic imperative that turns the subject into an economically dividuated producing/product. The subject has become a little machine hooked up to the big machine that maintains it in debt in a continual process of consumption‐production of commodities, brands and identities.
摘要本文将德勒兹和瓜塔里的《反俄狄浦斯》(Anti - Oedipus)作为一种激进的拉康式的概念化超现代资本主义的方法来解读,这有点反常。正如德勒兹和瓜塔里所说的那样,精神分析重新发现并追溯了19世纪古典资本主义中的死亡本能,那么德勒兹和瓜塔里的精神分裂分析更好地说明了21世纪全球资本主义的去地域化流动已经过度编码和覆盖了19世纪古典的事物秩序。本文以埃利斯(Bret Easton Ellis)的小说《美国精神病》(American Psycho)为症状文本,讨论了在小说中歇斯底里地提出的不受限制的经济的含义,在这种经济中,“主体”不再由一个与传统符号秩序相关的统治(主人或父亲)能指把持。这篇文章展示了拉康的“他者”的概念是如何被重新配置的,与消费资本主义有关,这样它就采取了一种纯粹的机械命令的形式,把主体变成一个经济上分化的生产/产品。主体已经变成了一个小机器,连接到一个大机器上,这个大机器在商品、品牌和身份的持续消费生产过程中维持着它的债务。
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引用次数: 9
The beautiful game and the proto‐aesthetics of the everyday 美丽的游戏和日常的原始美学
Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/14797580009367201
D. Inglis, J. Hughson
Abstract This article provides a critique of the postmodernist notion that there has been of recent years a dissolution of the divide between aesthetics and practical activities, between Art and Life. It does so by considering the game of soccer from a phenomenological viewpoint, which shows that the game possesses intrinsically ‘aesthetic’ qualities. The conditions of possibility of such qualities are understood by introducing the idea of the ‘proto‐aesthetics’ of soccer and other mundane phenomena. By considering the proto‐aesthetics of the quotidian we argue that recent changes in the nature of practical life should not be regarded as due to ‘aestheticisation’ but rather as springing from processes of commodification.
摘要本文对后现代主义的观点进行了批判,后现代主义认为近年来美学与实践活动、艺术与生活之间的鸿沟正在消失。它通过从现象学的角度来考虑足球运动,这表明足球运动具有内在的“美学”品质。通过引入足球和其他世俗现象的“原型美学”概念,可以理解这些品质的可能性条件。通过考虑日常生活的原始美学,我们认为,最近实际生活性质的变化不应被视为“审美化”的结果,而是源于商品化的过程。
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引用次数: 16
Academic freedom and the university 学术自由与大学
Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/14797580009367205
J. Higgins
Abstract A review article of Louis Menand (ed) 1996: The Future of Academic Freedom. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press and Bill Readings 1996: The University in Ruins. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard University Press.
路易斯·曼南德(主编)1996:学术自由的未来。芝加哥和伦敦:芝加哥大学出版社和比尔读物1996:废墟中的大学。剑桥,马萨诸塞州和伦敦:哈佛大学出版社。
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引用次数: 21
A mediating institution?: Using an historical study of advertising practice to rethink culture and economy 调解机构?通过对广告实践的历史研究来重新思考文化和经济
Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/14797580009367203
L. McFall
Abstract This paper sets out to review the role accorded to advertising in recent critical work. This work, I suggest, has been underscored by an ‘epochalist’ concern to map distinctions in the form of the culture/ economy relationship between the contemporary era and earlier periods. Significance has been accorded to the particular transformative potential of advertising and this is often related to research which emphasises the increasingly symbolic, persuasive and pervasive nature of advertising. In what follows, I make three central propositions. Firstly, I argue that writers on advertising share a number of concerns particularly about the effect the evolving nature of advertising has on the relationship between people and objects and between culture and economy. Secondly I suggest that these writers share with certain other critical theorists a very particular approach to the definition of key entities like meaning, culture and economy. These very particular definitions are pivotal to the epochalist explanation of advertising's role in the transformation of the culture/ economy relation. Finally, I attempt to show, through a brief look at historical uses of persuasion in advertising, that the problem with epochalist theory lies in a tendency to overgeneralise a wide range of specific forces.
摘要:本文旨在回顾在最近的批评性工作中给予广告的作用。我认为,这项工作被一种“时代主义”的关注所强调,即以当代和早期之间的文化/经济关系的形式绘制差异。人们对广告的特殊变革潜力给予了重视,这往往与强调广告日益具有象征意义、说服力和普遍性的研究有关。接下来,我将提出三个中心命题。首先,我认为写广告的作家都有一些共同的担忧,特别是关于广告的演变性质对人与物之间以及文化与经济之间关系的影响。其次,我认为这些作家与其他一些批判理论家分享了一种非常特殊的方法来定义关键实体,如意义,文化和经济。这些非常特殊的定义对于广告在文化/经济关系转变中的作用的时代主义解释至关重要。最后,通过对说服在广告中的历史应用的简要回顾,我试图表明,时代主义理论的问题在于,它倾向于对广泛的特定力量进行过度概括。
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引用次数: 8
Invisible republics and secret histories: A politics of music 看不见的共和国和秘密的历史:音乐的政治
Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/14797580009367202
J. Street
Abstract How does music ‐ or any cultural artefact ‐ assume significance for those who encounter it? Why does one sound or image come to matter, while others are overlooked or forgotten? The answer is not to be found in the sounds alone, but in the context and conditions in which they are heard. This article explores this argument by considering the case of The Anthology of American Folk Music, a set of recordings from the 1920s and 1930s, which has exercised an extraordinary power over popular music since its release in 1952. Using the arguments expounded by Robert Cantwell and Greil Marcus, and pointing to the uses of music in establishing national identities and mobilising social movements, the article argues for an understanding of music's significance that links social experience, aesthetic pleasure and political values.
音乐-或任何文化文物-如何对那些遇到它的人具有意义?为什么一个声音或图像变得重要,而其他的被忽视或遗忘?答案不仅仅是在声音中,而是在听到它们的环境和条件中。本文以《美国民间音乐选集》为例,探讨了这一观点。《美国民间音乐选集》是一套20世纪20年代和30年代的唱片,自1952年发行以来,对流行音乐产生了非凡的影响。利用罗伯特·坎特威尔和格雷尔·马库斯所阐述的论点,并指出音乐在建立民族认同和动员社会运动中的作用,文章主张理解音乐的意义,将社会经验、审美愉悦和政治价值观联系起来。
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引用次数: 35
Defending the city 保卫城市
Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/14797580009367204
G. Pattison
Abstract In ‘Defending the City’ George Pattison seeks to defend the modern city against the charge — made, for example, by Graham Ward — that it is a merely secular phenomenon. Instead, he argues that, in its essence, it is multi‐dimensional and pluralistic, representing a range of diverse possibilities, creative as well as destructive. Also, the modern city is shown to anticipate the essential features of the postmodern city. The argument is illustrated by references to Pugin's critique of architectural eclecticism, to Dostoevsky's invocation of the fantastical reality of St. Petersburg, to Kierkegaard and to Murnau's film Sunrise. It is claimed that the best Christian response to the city is to defend, not to subvert, its pluralism.
在《保卫城市》一书中,乔治·帕蒂森试图为现代城市辩护,反对格雷厄姆·沃德(Graham Ward)等人的指控,即现代城市仅仅是一种世俗现象。相反,他认为,在其本质上,它是多维的和多元化的,代表了一系列不同的可能性,创造性和破坏性。同时,现代城市也预示着后现代城市的基本特征。普金对建筑折衷主义的批判,陀思妥耶夫斯基对圣彼得堡梦幻现实的召唤,克尔凯郭尔和穆瑙的电影《日出》都说明了这一论点。有人声称,基督教对这个城市最好的回应是捍卫,而不是颠覆它的多元性。
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引用次数: 2
Losing time at the PlayStation: Realtime individuation and the whatever body 在PlayStation上浪费时间:实时个性化和任何身体
Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/14797580009367200
A. Mackenzie
Abstract In the ways that they currently link images and bodies, online computer games are not just a new form of commodity. As toys, they also materialise a collective, historical temporality. Disjunctions in the timing and spacing of action in computer game play suggest a different kind of temporality might be involved in the formation of contemporary collectives. These games highlight the role of ‘realtime’ in the constitution of an experience of speed. Through Giorgio Agamben's notion of the whatever body, and a particular realtime game, this paper argues that computer games can help locate certain rhythms and times associated with globalised informatic collectives. The whatever body provides a way of negotiating the globalised yet inessential commonality of information, in terms of a temporality which wavers between a‐historical synchronisation and singular events.
网络电脑游戏目前将图像和身体联系起来的方式,不仅仅是一种新的商品形式。作为玩具,它们也体现了一种集体的、历史的时间性。电脑游戏中动作的时间和间隔的脱节表明,当代集体的形成可能涉及一种不同的暂时性。这些游戏强调了“实时”在速度体验构成中的作用。通过Giorgio Agamben的“任何身体”概念和一个特定的实时游戏,本文认为电脑游戏可以帮助定位与全球化信息集体相关的特定节奏和时间。whatever主体提供了一种协商全球化但无关紧要的信息共性的方式,就在历史同步和单一事件之间摇摆的暂时性而言。
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引用次数: 1
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Cultural Values
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