Pub Date : 2007-09-19DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V12I1.39338
R. Kapindu
This article discusses the ethnic conflict in Rwanda between the Hutu and the Tutsi, examines its origins and speculates future developments. Rwanda has witnessed small-scale genocides since 1959 that culminated in the 1994 grand genocide where one million people were killed. The article dwells on the role of Human Rights education to fight genocide as provided for in Art. 13(1) of the ICESCR (1966). The author argues that the externally-imposed colonial education that misrepresented the history of Rwanda by championing the ethnic divide, largely contributed to the genocide. The Rwandan Commission for Human Rights (HRC), NURC, and the Ministry of Education are working in collaboration to draw a more acceptable History syllabus that will promote national unity and reconciliation without distorting the truth. The government has also introduced civic and political education in primary and secondary schools respectively. The author argues though that objectivity is lacking in the content of these new subjects and this may compromise tolerance and reconciliation. This is aggravated by lack of textbooks that gives teachers room to propagate biased ideas. Education has also been used for the re-integration of the genociders in society. Parallel to formal education is the informal education organized at the community level which is the mandate of NURC. The author concludes by lauding the role of education to promote unity and reconciliation in Rwanda but cautions against re-writing history for sectarian interests. East African Journal of Peace and Human rights Vol. 12 (1) 2006: pp. 120-132
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Pub Date : 2007-09-19DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V12I1.39337
P. Soom
The war in Northern Uganda has had a more devastating effect on the lives and dignity of women and girls than of their male counterparts. There is deliberate gender-based violence and discrimination. Women and girls have become the soft targets of sexual violence, with rape and assault being used as weapons of war. These gender-specific threats have compounded the challenges to their protection. This article brings to light the fact that gender-based violence within the Internally Displaced People's (IDP) camps is the common, yet silent, affliction. The perpetrators include male family members, security personnel, leaders and agency officials. The risk factors that have perpetuated gender-based violence are notably the IDP situation itself, redundancy, sharing of housing units, general moral decay, ignorance, and poverty. It is shown that despite the presence of several local and International NGOs, there is no programme targeting this vice in the area. The government has failed to mobilize an effective strategy for humanitarian protection. The international community has also failed in its obligation to protect the vulnerable people by failing to close the protection gap faced by civilians. The article urges the government and the international community get seriously committed to the effective resolution of the conflict through peaceful negotiation, national reconciliation and the construction of a just and lasting peace. East African Journal of Peace and Human rights Vol. 12 (1) 2006: pp. 91-119
{"title":"Despair and distain: a tale of sexual abuse against internally displaced women in Northern Uganda","authors":"P. Soom","doi":"10.4314/EAJPHR.V12I1.39337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJPHR.V12I1.39337","url":null,"abstract":"The war in Northern Uganda has had a more devastating effect on the lives and dignity of women and girls than of their male counterparts. There is deliberate gender-based violence and discrimination. Women and girls have become the soft targets of sexual violence, with rape and assault being used as weapons of war. These gender-specific threats have compounded the challenges to their protection. This article brings to light\u0000the fact that gender-based violence within the Internally Displaced People's (IDP) camps is the common, yet silent, affliction. The perpetrators include male family members, security personnel, leaders and agency officials. The risk factors that have perpetuated gender-based violence are notably the IDP situation itself, redundancy, sharing of housing units, general moral decay, ignorance, and poverty. It is shown that despite the presence of several local and International NGOs, there is no programme targeting this vice in the area.\u0000The government has failed to mobilize an effective strategy for humanitarian protection. The international community has also failed in its obligation to protect the vulnerable people by failing to close the protection gap faced by civilians. The article urges the government and the international community get seriously committed to the effective resolution of the conflict through peaceful negotiation, national reconciliation and the construction of a just and lasting peace. East African Journal of Peace and Human rights Vol. 12 (1) 2006: pp. 91-119","PeriodicalId":296246,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of peace and human rights","volume":"874 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127386273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-08-22DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I1.39346
M. Mutua
Virtually every African State, including Uganda, is a product of the rape of the continent by imperial European powers. Even though it is true that Africans cannot blame every ill on colonialism, the imperial conquests of European powers have had severely debilitating consequences. Yet, we cannot despair, and for beautiful Uganda, the genesis for recovery may lie in Juba. However - it can most certainly only be realized by looking beyond Juba. Ultimately, the reform of the Ugandan state lies in the full democratization of political society. President Museveni must understand that he will not live forever, and therefore he must not conflate the fate of the Ugandan people and state with his personal political fortunes and future. That is why a truth and reconciliation process to reconstruct Uganda is a necessity. Otherwise, President Museveni will plunge the country back into the abyss of yesteryear. Whether President Museveni seizes the Juba talks as an opportunity to overhaul the state will determine his legacy.
{"title":"Beyond Juba: does Uganda need a national truth and reconciliation process?","authors":"M. Mutua","doi":"10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I1.39346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I1.39346","url":null,"abstract":"Virtually every African State, including Uganda, is a product of the rape of the continent by imperial European powers. Even though it is true that Africans cannot blame every ill on colonialism, the imperial conquests of European powers have had severely debilitating consequences. Yet, we cannot despair, and for beautiful Uganda, the genesis for recovery may lie in Juba. However - it can most certainly only be realized by looking beyond Juba. Ultimately, the reform of the Ugandan state lies in the full democratization of political society. President Museveni must understand that he will not live forever, and therefore he must not conflate the fate of the Ugandan people and state with his personal political fortunes and future. That is why a truth and reconciliation process to reconstruct Uganda is a necessity. Otherwise, President Museveni will plunge the country back into the abyss of yesteryear. Whether President Museveni seizes the Juba talks as an opportunity to overhaul the state will determine his legacy.","PeriodicalId":296246,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of peace and human rights","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121121853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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