Pub Date : 2008-08-13DOI: 10.4314/eajphr.v14i1.39369
Manisuli Ssenyonjo
In recent years, the wearing of the female Islamic dress (generally referred to as the hijab), or any feature of this dress such as the headscarf (khimar), face-veil (niqab) and the head-to-toe all enveloping garment (jilbab) has raised complex human rights issues particularly in the context of women's rights to freedom of religion and its manifestation, equality and nondiscrimination, education and work. This article focuses on the status of the hijab in Islam and selected recent cases concerning the wearing of the Islamic dress in schools. On the basis of these, two conclusions are made. Firstly, to prevent a person from making a choice to wear religious clothing (like the hijab) in public or private schools or institutions, in the absence of justification compatible with human rights law, may impair the individual's freedom to have or adopt a religion. Secondly, the general exclusion of women from schools or work on account of the Islamic dress might lead to further discrimination against girls and women in education and employment. A human rights perspective to the Islamic dress should involve as a starting point respecting choices of individual Muslim women to wear or not to wear the hijab. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 14 (1) 2008: pp. 148-200
近年来，女性伊斯兰服饰(一般称为希贾布)的穿着，或这种服饰的任何特征，如头巾(khimar)、面纱(niqab)和从头到脚的包衣(jilbab)，引起了复杂的人权问题，特别是在妇女的宗教自由及其表现形式、平等和不歧视、教育和工作权利的背景下。这篇文章关注的是头巾在伊斯兰教中的地位，并选择了最近关于在学校穿伊斯兰服装的案例。在此基础上，得出了两个结论。首先，在没有符合人权法的理由的情况下，阻止一个人选择在公立或私立学校或机构中穿着宗教服装(如头巾)，可能会损害个人拥有或接受宗教的自由。其次，由于伊斯兰服装而普遍将妇女排除在学校或工作之外可能会导致在教育和就业方面对女孩和妇女的进一步歧视。对伊斯兰服饰的人权观点应该包括作为一个起点，尊重个别穆斯林妇女戴或不戴头巾的选择。东非和平与人权杂志，Vol. 14 (1) 2008: pp. 148-200
{"title":"Moslem Women, Religion And The Hijab: A Human Rights Perspective","authors":"Manisuli Ssenyonjo","doi":"10.4314/eajphr.v14i1.39369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eajphr.v14i1.39369","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the wearing of the female Islamic dress (generally referred\u0000to as the hijab), or any feature of this dress such as the headscarf (khimar), face-veil (niqab) and the head-to-toe all enveloping garment (jilbab) has raised complex human rights issues particularly in the context of women's rights to freedom of religion and its manifestation, equality and nondiscrimination, education and work. This article focuses on the status of the hijab in Islam and selected recent cases concerning the wearing of the\u0000Islamic dress in schools. On the basis of these, two conclusions are made. Firstly, to prevent a person from making a choice to wear religious clothing (like the hijab) in public or private schools or institutions, in the absence of justification compatible with human rights law, may impair the individual's freedom to have or adopt a religion. Secondly, the general exclusion of women from schools or work on account of the Islamic dress might lead to\u0000further discrimination against girls and women in education and employment. A human rights perspective to the Islamic dress should involve as a starting point respecting choices of individual Muslim women to wear or not to wear the hijab. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 14 (1) 2008: pp. 148-200","PeriodicalId":296246,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of peace and human rights","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128712473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-13DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V14I1.39364
P. Kameri-mbote, Nkatha Kabira
This article looks at the process of constitution-making in Kenya from 1990s to 2005 when the proposed new constitution (the product of the process) was rejected in a national referendum held in October 2005. It avers that Kenyan women had succeeded in getting many of the issues that they considered important included in the constitution and should have lobbied to have that constitution adopted. The defeat of the constitution, the authors assert amounted to throwing away the baby with the bath water. It also negated gains that seemed so close to being realised setting the quest for gender equality back considerably. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 14 (1) 2008: pp. 1-44
本文检视肯亚自1990年代至2005年的制宪过程，2005年10月的全民公决否决了新宪法提案(制宪过程的产物)。它声称，肯尼亚妇女已经成功地将许多她们认为重要的问题纳入了宪法，并且应该游说通过宪法。宪法的失败，作者断言等于把婴儿连同洗澡水一起倒掉。它还否定了看似即将实现的成果，使对性别平等的追求大幅倒退。东非和平与人权杂志，Vol. 14 (1) 2008: pp. 1-44
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Pub Date : 2008-08-13DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V12I2.39358
C. Mbazira
The South African Constitutional Court has given effective the economic, social and cultural rights in the South African Constitution by defining the nature of the obligations that they engender. In this respect, both the Constitution and the jurisprudence offer immense lessons to other domestic jurisdictions on the African continent and elsewhere. In spite of this, the approach of the Court still falls behind international jurisprudence in some respects. The most visible shortfall is rejection of the minimum core obligations approach which would obligate the state to provide to everyone a minimum level of goods and services. The Court has instead opted for a reasonableness review approach. However, the failure to give substantive content to the rights has made it impossible to fully interrogate the reasonableness of the means chosen by the state to realize the rights. This article proposes a proportionality test to be used to interrogate the means chosen to realize the rights, which is only effective after giving substantive content to the rights. The article also proposes ways through which the minimum core approach could be used without over burdening the state. The provision of a minimum core should be directed towards those who need it. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 12 (2) 2006: pp. 183-232
{"title":"Translating socioeconomic rights from abstract paper rights to fully fledged individual rights: lessons from South Africa","authors":"C. Mbazira","doi":"10.4314/EAJPHR.V12I2.39358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJPHR.V12I2.39358","url":null,"abstract":"The South African Constitutional Court has given effective the economic,\u0000social and cultural rights in the South African Constitution by defining the nature of the obligations that they engender. In this respect, both the Constitution and the jurisprudence offer immense lessons to other domestic jurisdictions on the African continent and elsewhere. In spite of this, the approach of the Court still falls behind international jurisprudence in some respects. The most visible shortfall is rejection of the minimum core\u0000obligations approach which would obligate the state to provide to everyone a minimum level of goods and services. The Court has instead opted for a reasonableness review approach. However, the failure to give substantive content to the rights has made it impossible to fully interrogate the reasonableness of the means chosen by the state to realize the rights. This article proposes a proportionality test to be used to interrogate the means chosen to realize the rights, which is only effective after giving substantive\u0000content to the rights. The article also proposes ways through which the minimum core approach could be used without over burdening the state. The provision of a minimum core should be directed towards those who need it. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 12 (2) 2006: pp. 183-232","PeriodicalId":296246,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of peace and human rights","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116914394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-25DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39357
Isaac Bakayana
No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 13 (2) 2007 pp. 321-333
没有抽象的。东非和平与人权杂志第13卷(2)2007页321-333
{"title":"Enforcing Uganda's Amnesty Act (2000) within the context of the Rome Statue","authors":"Isaac Bakayana","doi":"10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39357","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 13 (2) 2007 pp. 321-333","PeriodicalId":296246,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of peace and human rights","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122860298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-25DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39356
A. W. Mwenifumbo
No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 13 (2) 2007 pp. 309-320
没有抽象的。东非和平与人权杂志第13卷(2)2007页309-320
{"title":"Eradicating delay in the prosecution of crimes of genocide in Rwanda through Gacaca courts: Will any form of justice do?","authors":"A. W. Mwenifumbo","doi":"10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39356","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 13 (2) 2007 pp. 309-320","PeriodicalId":296246,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of peace and human rights","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125313803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-25DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39350
L.A. Negron
No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 13 (2) 2007 pp. 166-189
没有抽象的。《东非和平与人权杂志》2007年第13卷第2期，第166-189页
{"title":"Gender and education in post-apartheid South Africa: possibilities and limitations of the international human rights framework","authors":"L.A. Negron","doi":"10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39350","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 13 (2) 2007 pp. 166-189","PeriodicalId":296246,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of peace and human rights","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117122723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-25DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39354
L. Taiwo
No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 13 (2) 2007 pp. 270-293
没有抽象的。东非和平与人权杂志，2007年第13卷第2期，第270-293页
{"title":"Democracy, courts and the rule of law in Nigeria: problems and prospects","authors":"L. Taiwo","doi":"10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39354","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 13 (2) 2007 pp. 270-293","PeriodicalId":296246,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of peace and human rights","volume":"285 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122715466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-25DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39352
R. Kakungulu-Mayambala
No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 13 (2) 2007 pp. 214-239
没有抽象的。东非和平与人权杂志，2007年第13卷第2期，第214-239页
{"title":"The trips and food security: issues, challenges and strageties for developing countries","authors":"R. Kakungulu-Mayambala","doi":"10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39352","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 13 (2) 2007 pp. 214-239","PeriodicalId":296246,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of peace and human rights","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124970709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-25DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39351
W. Nagan
No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 13 (2) 2007 pp. 190-213
没有抽象的。东非和平与人权杂志，2007年第13卷第2期，第190-213页
{"title":"Transitional justice: the moral foundations of trials and commisions in social and political transformation","authors":"W. Nagan","doi":"10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39351","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 13 (2) 2007 pp. 190-213","PeriodicalId":296246,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of peace and human rights","volume":"400 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126674515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-25DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39353
G. Wachira
No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 13 (2) 2007 pp. 240-269
没有抽象的。东非和平与人权杂志，2007年第13卷第2期，第240-269页
{"title":"The role of courts in protecting indigenous peoples' rights to land and resources in Kenya and South Africa","authors":"G. Wachira","doi":"10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39353","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 13 (2) 2007 pp. 240-269","PeriodicalId":296246,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of peace and human rights","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133537681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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