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Poverty, trade and child labour in the developing world: an analysis of efforts to combat child labour in Uganda 发展中世界的贫穷、贸易和童工:对乌干达打击童工工作的分析
Pub Date : 2008-04-25 DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I2.39355
W. M. Tarinyeba
No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 13 (2) 2007 pp. 294-308
没有抽象的。《东非和平与人权杂志》2007年第13卷第2期,第294-308页
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引用次数: 0
A critical analysis of paradigms and rights in disability dicources 对残疾诉讼范式和权利的批判性分析
Pub Date : 2007-09-19 DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V12I1.39335
Laura Nyirinkindi
The article analyses the role of human rights law and advocacy in setting standards for the quality of education services to make the right to basic education a reality for children with disabilities (CWDs) in Uganda. It focuses on the plight of children with disabilities (CWDs) under Uganda's current educational curriculum. These children are doubly marginalized as children and as persons with disabilities (PWDs). Theauthor analyzes “disability” from different disability models – charitable, medical, human rights and social models. It is argued that the biased categorization in the curriculum of special needs as “difficulties,” “impairment,” “disability,” and “retardation” perpetuates victimization and discrimination of CWDs. Segregation of CWDs from the mainstream schools bars their full inclusion and participation. If PWDs in Uganda are to overcome their deplorable conditions, education must act as the launching pad. The articlerecognizes the strides made by Uganda to adopt inclusive education policies for special needs education as evident under the Constitution 1995, Children's Statute 1996, and Universal Primary Education (UPE). Nevertheless, the government is advised to ensure coherence and consistency in its conceptualization of inclusive education, lest contradictions in inclusive policies might operate to frustrate the entire strategy. East African Journal of Peace and Human rights Vol. 12 (1) 2006: pp. 49-64
本文分析了人权法和人权倡导在制定教育服务质量标准以实现乌干达残疾儿童的基础教育权方面的作用。它关注的是乌干达现行教育课程下残疾儿童的困境。这些儿童作为儿童和残疾人受到双重边缘化。作者从不同的残疾模式——慈善模式、医疗模式、人权模式和社会模式——来分析“残疾”。有观点认为,在特殊需要的课程中,有偏见的分类为“困难”、“缺陷”、“残疾”和“发育迟缓”,使对残疾儿童的伤害和歧视持续存在。将残疾儿童与主流学校隔离,使他们无法充分融入和参与。如果乌干达的残疾人要克服他们的悲惨处境,教育必须成为跳板。该条款承认乌干达在1995年《宪法》、1996年《儿童法》和普及初等教育(UPE)中为特殊需要教育采取包容性教育政策所取得的进展。然而,建议政府确保其全纳教育概念的连贯性和一致性,以免包容性政策中的矛盾可能会使整个战略受挫。东非和平与人权杂志,2006年第12卷(1):第49-64页
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引用次数: 3
The history of toture jurisprudence in the inter-American regional human rights system: 1948-2005 美洲区域人权体系中酷刑法理学的历史:1948-2005
Pub Date : 2007-09-19 DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I1.39347
J. Ddamulira
The right to freedom from torture, though it is one of the few non-derogable rights, continue to be violated in different parts of the world. This has necessitated various measures to be put in place to ensure that this right is protected and promoted. Measures have been put in place, not only at the international level, but also in the three regional human rights systems: the Inter-America, the European and the African. This article looks at the history of the measures that have been put in place to protect the right to freedom from torture in the Inter-American System of human rights for the last 57 years, that is, from 1948-2005. The author critically examines the relevant instruments and how they have been interpreted or implemented by the relevant enforcement bodies. The author in particular looks at: the American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man; the American Convention on Human Rights; and the Inter-American Commission and the Court; the Inter- American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture and recommends that the African human rights system should emulate the developments in the Inter- American system on human rights in the field of promoting and protecting the right to freedom from torture. East African Journal of Peace and Human rights Vol. 13 (1) 2007: pp. 156-165 Language: en
不受酷刑的权利虽然是少数不可克减的权利之一,但在世界不同地区继续受到侵犯。这就需要采取各种措施,确保这项权利得到保护和促进。不仅在国际一级,而且在三个区域人权系统:美洲、欧洲和非洲都已采取了措施。这篇文章着眼于过去57年,即1948年至2005年,美洲人权体系中为保护免受酷刑的权利而采取的措施的历史。作者批判性地审查了相关文书以及相关执法机构是如何解释或执行这些文书的。作者特别研究了:美国人的权利和义务宣言;《美洲人权公约》;以及美洲委员会和法院;《美洲防止和惩治酷刑公约》,并建议非洲人权制度应仿效美洲人权制度在促进和保护免受酷刑的权利方面的发展。东非和平与人权杂志,2007年第13卷(1):第156-165页
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引用次数: 0
Freedom of expression in two East African countries: comparing Uganda and Tanzania 两个东非国家的言论自由:比较乌干达和坦桑尼亚
Pub Date : 2007-09-19 DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V12I1.39340
M. Lubega
No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human rights Vol. 12 (1) 2006: pp. 144-151
没有抽象的。东非和平与人权杂志,2006年第12卷第1期,第144-151页
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引用次数: 0
Do the rights of poor women really matter? Globalization and the protection of reproductive health rights in Uganda 贫穷妇女的权利真的重要吗?全球化与乌干达生殖健康权利的保护
Pub Date : 2007-09-19 DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I1.39348
B. Twinomugisha
In Uganda, there has been some progress in the advancement of women'sstatus through various policy strategies. The policy framework identifies theprotection of reproductive health rights as one of government's priorities.Employing library and desk research, the article critically examines the policyframework within which poor women's reproductive health rights areprotected. This article argues that the policy framework is geared moretowards protection of the interests of globalization than reproductive healthrights of poor women. Privatization of health care services ignores the factthat because of their poverty, poor women cannot afford such services. Privatesector led growth, whether in health or agriculture has a deleterious impact onpoor women's reproductive health rights. Reproductive health policies thatexalt contraception over critical areas such as emergency obstetric care,nutritional and occupational health are bound to fail. Any policies designedto protect the reproductive health rights of poor women must take into accounttheir interests, realities and experiences. This can be achieved by involvingwomen in the design, implementation and evaluation of policies intended fortheir benefit. Short of this, poor women will continue to be mere spectators ofthe so-called benefits of the globalization process. East African Journal of Peace and Human rights Vol. 13 (1) 2007: pp. 81-103
在乌干达,通过各种政策战略,在提高妇女地位方面取得了一些进展。政策框架将保护生殖健康权利确定为政府的优先事项之一。通过图书馆和案头调查,本文批判性地考察了保护贫困妇女生殖健康权利的政策框架。本文认为,政策框架更侧重于保护全球化的利益,而不是贫穷妇女的生殖健康权利。保健服务私有化忽略了一个事实,即贫穷妇女由于贫穷而负担不起这种服务。私营部门主导的增长,无论是在卫生领域还是在农业领域,都对贫穷妇女的生殖健康权利产生有害影响。将避孕置于产科急诊、营养和职业健康等关键领域之上的生殖健康政策注定会失败。任何旨在保护贫穷妇女生殖健康权利的政策都必须考虑到她们的利益、现实和经验。这可以通过使妇女参与旨在使她们受益的政策的设计、执行和评价来实现。如果做不到这一点,贫穷妇女将继续仅仅是所谓全球化进程好处的旁观者。东非和平与人权杂志,2007年第13卷第1期,第81-103页
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引用次数: 2
Uganda's 2006 multiparty elections: consolidating democracy and building peace? 乌干达2006年多党选举:巩固民主与构建和平?
Pub Date : 2007-09-19 DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I1.39343
S. Makara
Multiparty elections are generally perceived as a bedrock for democratizationand good governance, if conducted in a free, fair and genuine manner.However, in conditions where such elections are shrouded in constitutionalmanipulation, political opaqueness, greed and consolidation of personal rule,they may instead, entrench an authoritarian regime. This article looks at theeffects of the recent multiparty elections on the process of democratizationand peace building in Uganda. It recognizes that both democratic governanceand peace have eluded Uganda for a long time. The article is built on thebackground that Uganda's perennial socio-political crises have been partly aresult of the failure of the state to conduct free and fair elections. We concludethat if the 2006 multiparty elections had been better organized, they couldhave formed a milestone in furthering democracy and restoring peace andorder in this turmoil-ridden country, and that since this was not the case; theprospect of mitigating the dangers of political conflicts will remain a maze. East African Journal of Peace and Human rights Vol. 13 (1) 2007: pp. 54-80
如果以自由、公平和真诚的方式进行,多党选举通常被认为是民主化和良好治理的基石。然而,在这种选举被宪法操纵、政治不透明、贪婪和个人统治巩固所笼罩的情况下,它们可能反而会巩固一个独裁政权。这篇文章着眼于最近的多党选举对乌干达民主化进程和和平建设的影响。它承认,乌干达长期以来一直没有实现民主治理与和平。这篇文章的背景是,乌干达长期的社会政治危机部分是由于国家未能进行自由公正的选举。我们的结论是,如果2006年的多党选举组织得更好,他们本可以在这个动荡不安的国家形成一个促进民主和恢复和平与秩序的里程碑,但事实并非如此;减轻政治冲突危险的前景仍将是一个迷宫。东非和平与人权杂志,2007年第13卷第1期,第54-80页
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引用次数: 5
Fact-finding missions or omissions?: A critical analysis of teh African Commission on Human and People's Rights 事实调查任务还是遗漏?:对非洲人权和人民权利委员会的批判性分析
Pub Date : 2007-09-19 DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V12I1.39334
Tarisai Mutangi
This article presents an analysis of the conduct of fact-finding missions by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR). The analysis is enriched by comparison with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR). The impetus of the article is the controversy arising out of the response of the Government of Zimbabwe to the ACHPR in its 17th Annual Activity Report. The author examines in good measure the nature, origins and purpose of fact-finding missions. Through a juxtaposition of fact-finding in the African System and the Inter-American System, he identifies a number of fact-finding related issues arising out of the controversial Government of Zimbabwe report, onwhich his analysis is based. It is argued that the ACHPR must always be ready to borrow lessons from other human rights systems. The article makes several recommendations to the ACHPR. East African Journal of Peace and Human rights Vol. 12 (1) 2006: pp. 1-48
本文对非洲人权和人民权利委员会实况调查团的行为进行了分析。通过与美洲人权委员会(美洲人权委员会)的比较,分析更加丰富。这篇文章的动机是津巴布韦政府在其第17届年度活动报告中对人权委员会的反应所引起的争议。作者很好地审查了实况调查团的性质、起源和目的。通过对非洲系统和美洲系统实况调查的对比,他指出了从有争议的津巴布韦政府报告中产生的若干实况调查相关问题,他的分析正是基于这些问题。有人认为,人权事务委员会必须随时准备借鉴其他人权制度的经验。文章对ACHPR提出了几点建议。东非和平与人权杂志,第12卷(1),2006年:第1-48页
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引用次数: 1
Political federation in East Africa: Progress, challenges and prospects for constitutional development 东非政治联邦:宪政发展的进展、挑战和前景
Pub Date : 2007-09-19 DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I1.39345
J. Kamanyi
Whereas Article 5 of the Treaty establishing the East African Communityclearly provides for the establishment of a political federation, there is noelaboration on this issue. There are thus no answers to several key questionsrelated to the establishment, operation and growth of an East African PoliticalFederation. Nonetheless, if the political federation is to be successful, itrequires the participation and genuine ownership by the people through theirinstitutions of choice. The ultimate decision of when and how to federate hasto be put to East Africans in a referendum to endorse or reject a widelynegotiated Federal Constitution. Wide consultation are essential because areview of the three East African partner states in 2005 and part of 2006highlights constitutional developments some of, which have seriousimplications for the advancement and launch of a political federation in 2010.If the processes leading up to the political federation are not people-centeredthe East African Community faces the potential risk of collapsing like itspredecessor. Therefore, participatory consultations that are all-inclusive haveto be set in motion immediately and all modes of reaching the wanainchishould be expansively utilized. East African Journal of Peace and Human rights Vol. 13 (1) 2007: pp. 126-141
虽然《建立东非共同体条约》第5条明确规定建立一个政治联邦,但没有详细说明这个问题。因此,与东非政治联盟的建立、运作和发展有关的几个关键问题没有答案。然而,如果政治联盟要取得成功,它需要人民通过他们选择的机构参与和真正的所有权。何时以及如何组成联邦的最终决定必须由东非人通过全民公决来决定是否通过广泛协商的联邦宪法。广泛的协商是必要的,因为回顾2005年和2006年的部分时间,三个东非伙伴国突出了宪法的发展,其中一些对2010年政治联盟的推进和启动有严重的影响。如果建立政治联盟的进程不是以人民为中心的,那么东非共同体将面临像其前身一样崩溃的潜在风险。因此,必须立即开展包容各方的参与性协商,并广泛利用达成共识的所有方式。《东非和平与人权杂志》,2007年第13卷第1期,第126-141页
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引用次数: 0
The post-conflict treatment of child soldiers: A study of Liberian child soldiers 冲突后儿童兵待遇:对利比里亚儿童兵的研究
Pub Date : 2007-09-19 DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V13I1.39341
L. Shorr
The phenomenon of child soldiers has historically been addressed byinternational instruments and institutions with a uniformly preventative stance.Such a universalist approach has mainly defined child soldiers by age andapplied an unvarying standard of prevention in response to every occurrenceof child soldiering. This article takes issue with this universalism as neitherdeterring the use of children in conflict nor providing appropriate post-conflictreintegration of child soldiers. The article instead provides a critical pluralistapproach to the post-conflict treatment of child soldiers. In particular, thediscussion focuses on the potential options for handling former Liberian childcombatants who fought in the Liberian civil war. The case of Liberia posesan opportunity to institutionalize the first active juvenile chamber for theprosecution and rehabilitation of former child soldiers. Such achamber–modeled after the framework set forth by former United NationsSecretary-General Kofi Annan in response in Sierra Leone–would incorporateprinciples of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) toencourage both domestic political transition and a changed understanding ofwhat is a child soldier and what constitutes their appropriate post-conflicttreatment. East African Journal of Peace and Human rights Vol. 13 (1) 2007: pp. 1-29
国际文书和机构历来以统一的预防立场处理儿童兵现象。这种普遍主义的做法主要是按年龄界定儿童兵,并对每次发生的儿童兵采用不变的预防标准。这篇文章对这种普遍主义提出了质疑,因为它既不能阻止在冲突中使用儿童,也不能在冲突后为儿童兵提供适当的融入。相反,这篇文章对冲突后儿童兵的待遇提供了一种批判性的多元方法。特别地,讨论集中在处理参加利比里亚内战的前利比里亚儿童战斗员的潜在选择上。利比里亚的案例提供了一个机会,使第一个活跃的少年法庭制度化,以起诉和改造前儿童兵。该法庭以联合国前秘书长科菲·安南在塞拉利昂作出回应时提出的框架为蓝本,将纳入解除武装、复员和重返社会(DDR)的原则,以鼓励国内政治过渡,并改变对什么是儿童兵以及什么是儿童兵在冲突后的适当待遇的理解。东非和平与人权杂志,2007年第13卷(1):第1-29页
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引用次数: 1
Women's property rights and the laws of succession in Uganda: Reform propositions 乌干达妇女的财产权和继承法:改革主张
Pub Date : 2007-09-19 DOI: 10.4314/EAJPHR.V12I1.39336
Anthony Luyirika Kafumbe
The article argues that in a patriarchal, multiethnic and multi religious country like Uganda, where people's lives are governed mainly by customary and religious laws, it is difficult to realize gender equality. Only a radical secular law reform as opposed to legal pluralism can truly emancipate women. If the state endorses legal pluralism, it would be abandoning women to the perils of patriarchy. If Uganda's Domestic RelationsBill is to effectively emancipate women, legal pluralism in family and succession laws must beeliminated—one modern uniform secular law of succession applicable to all is the way forward. The article delves into the merits of secular laws and the need to eradicate legal pluralism for true women's emancipation in multicultural Uganda. It also analyses the circumstances that make women the more adversely affected by the laws of succession, and makes a number of propositions to reform these laws. East African Journal of Peace and Human rights Vol. 12 (1) 2006: pp. 65-90
文章认为,在乌干达这样一个父权制、多民族、多宗教的国家,人们的生活主要受习惯法和宗教法的支配,很难实现性别平等。只有激进的世俗法律改革,而不是法律多元化,才能真正解放妇女。如果国家支持法律多元化,它将把女性抛弃在父权制的危险中。乌干达的《家庭关系法案》要想有效地解放妇女,就必须消除家庭和继承法中的法律多元主义——制定一个适用于所有人的现代统一的世俗继承法才是前进的方向。本文深入探讨世俗法律的优点,以及在多元文化的乌干达根除法律多元主义的必要性,以实现真正的妇女解放。它还分析了使妇女更容易受到继承法不利影响的情况,并提出了一些改革这些法律的建议。东非和平与人权杂志,2006年第12卷(1):第65-90页
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引用次数: 1
期刊
East African journal of peace and human rights
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