L. Bannikov, D. Miroshnichenko, O. Borisenko, A. Bannikov
For the first time, the relationship between the efficiency of dehydration and the value of reducing the viscosity of the coal tar by adding demulsifier has been studied for “water in tar” emulsions. The dewatering of coal tar emulsions was investigated using 12 demulsifiers with different relative water solubility indices (RSN = 8.2–14.5) for tars of different pyrolysis grades. The effect of a series of demulsifiers on the viscosity of the dispersion medium of “water-in-tar” emulsions was studied. A low-pyrolysis tar was taken as a model of dispersion medium of emulsions with 1.2 % moisture content and 1.0 % of quinoline insoluble substances. A bottle test was used for a comparative evaluation of the demulsifying activity. The rheological characteristics of the studied tars were determined with a rotational controlled-shear rate rheometer Brookfield DV2T in a temperature range between 30 and 65 °C. When demulsifiers were added to the tar and the mixture was aged for 24 h, a decrease in viscosity was observed. When measured without withstanding, the viscosity of the mixture decreases in some cases only at a sufficiently high heating temperature (58 °C). The comparison of the dewatering efficiency with the mixture viscosity at 58 °C shows a linear dependence: the more the tar viscosity decreases when the demulsifier is added, the higher the dewatering efficiency when using this demulsifier for tars of different pyrolytic degree. Decreasing the viscosity of the tar promotes the coalescence of water drops and the diffusion rate of the demulsifier through the dispersion medium to the water-tar interface, which increases the efficiency of dewatering. The selectivity of tar dehydration by the studied demulsifiers is preserved for both low- and high-pyrolyzed coal tars. In the area of low viscosity reduction of the dispersion medium, the role of RSN is considerably higher, and an increase in the hydrophilicity of the reagent contributes to better dehydration. This may be due to the increased wetting ability of demulsifiers concerning emulsion stabilizers.
{"title":"Evaluation of demulsifiers efficiency for coal tar dehydration according to the value of its viscosity reduction","authors":"L. Bannikov, D. Miroshnichenko, O. Borisenko, A. Bannikov","doi":"10.15407/hftp14.01.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/hftp14.01.102","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time, the relationship between the efficiency of dehydration and the value of reducing the viscosity of the coal tar by adding demulsifier has been studied for “water in tar” emulsions. The dewatering of coal tar emulsions was investigated using 12 demulsifiers with different relative water solubility indices (RSN = 8.2–14.5) for tars of different pyrolysis grades. The effect of a series of demulsifiers on the viscosity of the dispersion medium of “water-in-tar” emulsions was studied. A low-pyrolysis tar was taken as a model of dispersion medium of emulsions with 1.2 % moisture content and 1.0 % of quinoline insoluble substances. A bottle test was used for a comparative evaluation of the demulsifying activity. The rheological characteristics of the studied tars were determined with a rotational controlled-shear rate rheometer Brookfield DV2T in a temperature range between 30 and 65 °C. When demulsifiers were added to the tar and the mixture was aged for 24 h, a decrease in viscosity was observed. When measured without withstanding, the viscosity of the mixture decreases in some cases only at a sufficiently high heating temperature (58 °C). The comparison of the dewatering efficiency with the mixture viscosity at 58 °C shows a linear dependence: the more the tar viscosity decreases when the demulsifier is added, the higher the dewatering efficiency when using this demulsifier for tars of different pyrolytic degree. Decreasing the viscosity of the tar promotes the coalescence of water drops and the diffusion rate of the demulsifier through the dispersion medium to the water-tar interface, which increases the efficiency of dewatering. The selectivity of tar dehydration by the studied demulsifiers is preserved for both low- and high-pyrolyzed coal tars. In the area of low viscosity reduction of the dispersion medium, the role of RSN is considerably higher, and an increase in the hydrophilicity of the reagent contributes to better dehydration. This may be due to the increased wetting ability of demulsifiers concerning emulsion stabilizers.","PeriodicalId":296392,"journal":{"name":"Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126691649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Prokopenko, R. Mazurenko, G. Gunja, S. Makhno, P. Gorbyk
The creation of new nanomaterials for absorbtion of electromagnetic radiation microwave range is an important direction in consequence of electromagnetic pollution of the environment. The aim of the paper was to develop and synthesize the polymer-filled systems based on the polychlorotrifluoroethylene and tin dioxide modified by nickel ferrite in order to study their electrophysical properties as potential materials absorbing electromagnetic radiation. NiFe2O4/SnO2 nanocomposites with a volume content of nickel ferrite on the surface of tin dioxide from 0.62 to 0.8 were synthesized by co-precipitation. Size of SnO2 and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles was determined by a transmission electron microscope and its about 30–50 nm and 15–30 nm, respectively. For the NiFe2O4/SnO2 nanocomposites the values of complex permittivity and complex permeability in the microwave range, values of conductivity at low frequencies were investigated. Maximum values of complex permittivity and complex permeability were found for NiFe2O4/SnO2 nanocomposites at the volume content of nickel ferrite 0.62. An increase was observed in the complex permittivity for the NiFe2O4/SnO2–polychlorotrifluoroethylene system, 2–3 times greater than the values related to the NiFe2O4/SnO2 nanocomposites. The electrical conductivity at low frequencies (100 Hz) of polymer composites increases by an order of magnitude with a decrease of the concentration of nickel ferrite on the surface of tin dioxide. It was found that the calculated absorption coefficient of an electromagnetic wave in the frequency range 1–41 GHz for NiFe2O4/SnO2 nanocomposites is about 2 times greater than that for nickel ferrite. It is shown that the creation of nanocomposites based on a conductive component modified by a magnetic component is more efficient for the processes of absorption of electromagnetic waves in the microwave range at optimal ratios of the values of the permittivity and permeability than pure ferrite.
{"title":"Electrophysical properties of polymeric nanocomposites based on tin dioxide modified with nickel ferrite","authors":"S. Prokopenko, R. Mazurenko, G. Gunja, S. Makhno, P. Gorbyk","doi":"10.15407/hftp14.01.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/hftp14.01.133","url":null,"abstract":"The creation of new nanomaterials for absorbtion of electromagnetic radiation microwave range is an important direction in consequence of electromagnetic pollution of the environment. The aim of the paper was to develop and synthesize the polymer-filled systems based on the polychlorotrifluoroethylene and tin dioxide modified by nickel ferrite in order to study their electrophysical properties as potential materials absorbing electromagnetic radiation. NiFe2O4/SnO2 nanocomposites with a volume content of nickel ferrite on the surface of tin dioxide from 0.62 to 0.8 were synthesized by co-precipitation. Size of SnO2 and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles was determined by a transmission electron microscope and its about 30–50 nm and 15–30 nm, respectively. For the NiFe2O4/SnO2 nanocomposites the values of complex permittivity and complex permeability in the microwave range, values of conductivity at low frequencies were investigated. Maximum values of complex permittivity and complex permeability were found for NiFe2O4/SnO2 nanocomposites at the volume content of nickel ferrite 0.62. An increase was observed in the complex permittivity for the NiFe2O4/SnO2–polychlorotrifluoroethylene system, 2–3 times greater than the values related to the NiFe2O4/SnO2 nanocomposites. The electrical conductivity at low frequencies (100 Hz) of polymer composites increases by an order of magnitude with a decrease of the concentration of nickel ferrite on the surface of tin dioxide. It was found that the calculated absorption coefficient of an electromagnetic wave in the frequency range 1–41 GHz for NiFe2O4/SnO2 nanocomposites is about 2 times greater than that for nickel ferrite. It is shown that the creation of nanocomposites based on a conductive component modified by a magnetic component is more efficient for the processes of absorption of electromagnetic waves in the microwave range at optimal ratios of the values of the permittivity and permeability than pure ferrite.","PeriodicalId":296392,"journal":{"name":"Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124819912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kusyak, O. Oranska, D. Marcin Behunová, A. I. Petranovska, V. Chornyi, O. A. Bur'yanov, V. A. Dubok, P. Gorbyk
The aim of the work is the synthesis and study of the bioactivity of sol-gel glass (BG 60S) with molar composition 60 % SiO2, 36 % CaO, 4 % P2O5 and samples doped with La and Y in vitro; studying their structural properties and changes upon contact with a model physiological environment (Kokubo’s SBF), as well as justifying the possibility of their use for tissue regeneration and tissue engineering. According to the results of research, the interaction of synthesized samples with SBF leads to a change in the phase composition and the ratio of amorphous and crystalline components. It is necessary to note long and intensive processes involving CO32– ions for unalloyed and alloyed samples. The appearance of calcium carbonate in the form of vaterite with a simultaneous increase in the calcite content is one of the signs of high bioactivity of the synthesized samples. According to the results of XRD, EDX and FTIR studies after 28 days of soaking in SBF, the predominant surface elements are Ca and P in the composition of hydroxyapatite, and the elemental composition indicates active ion exchange processes according to the theory of bioactive glass dissolution in physiological fluids. The change in the ratio of crystalline phases with the inclusion of mainly one crystalline phase of hydroxopatite within 28 days leads to a better structuredness of the surface of the synthesized samples and indicates that they have osteoconductive properties, can connect with bone tissue and have the appropriate biodegradation ability. The results of the study indicate the promising nature of synthesized materials for tissue regeneration and tissue engineering.
{"title":"XRD, EDX and FTIR study of the bioactivity of 60S GLASS doped with La and Y under in vitro conditions","authors":"A. Kusyak, O. Oranska, D. Marcin Behunová, A. I. Petranovska, V. Chornyi, O. A. Bur'yanov, V. A. Dubok, P. Gorbyk","doi":"10.15407/hftp14.01.093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/hftp14.01.093","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work is the synthesis and study of the bioactivity of sol-gel glass (BG 60S) with molar composition 60 % SiO2, 36 % CaO, 4 % P2O5 and samples doped with La and Y in vitro; studying their structural properties and changes upon contact with a model physiological environment (Kokubo’s SBF), as well as justifying the possibility of their use for tissue regeneration and tissue engineering. According to the results of research, the interaction of synthesized samples with SBF leads to a change in the phase composition and the ratio of amorphous and crystalline components. It is necessary to note long and intensive processes involving CO32– ions for unalloyed and alloyed samples. The appearance of calcium carbonate in the form of vaterite with a simultaneous increase in the calcite content is one of the signs of high bioactivity of the synthesized samples. According to the results of XRD, EDX and FTIR studies after 28 days of soaking in SBF, the predominant surface elements are Ca and P in the composition of hydroxyapatite, and the elemental composition indicates active ion exchange processes according to the theory of bioactive glass dissolution in physiological fluids. The change in the ratio of crystalline phases with the inclusion of mainly one crystalline phase of hydroxopatite within 28 days leads to a better structuredness of the surface of the synthesized samples and indicates that they have osteoconductive properties, can connect with bone tissue and have the appropriate biodegradation ability. The results of the study indicate the promising nature of synthesized materials for tissue regeneration and tissue engineering.","PeriodicalId":296392,"journal":{"name":"Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129125397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last decades there has been an increased interest of researchers in the obtaining anthocyanins from available and low–cost plant materials, not only as natural food dyes but also for pharmaceutical products. Among plant sources of anthocyanins chokeberries and elderberries have attracted the interest of consumers due to abundant anthocyanin contents. In this study, adsorption equilibrium and thermodynamics of anthocyanins from chokeberry and elderberry extracts by fibrous cation exchanger FIBAN K–1 were investigated. The anthocyanin extracts were obtained by macerated in 0.1 M HCl under the follow extraction parameters: solid-liquid ratio = 1:2 at 293 K for 24 h. The total anthocyanin content in the extracts was determined by pH-differential method. Adsorption experiments were carried out under static conditions, shaking mixtures of anthocyanin extracts of the berries with FIBAN K–1. The adsorption isotherms were of L-type according to the classification of Giles. The adsorption capacity of FIBAN K– 1 for the chokeberry and elderberry anthocyanins increased as the temperature increased from 293 to 313 K. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption models were used to describe the experimental adsorption isotherms. These models had a good agreement with the experimental data for adsorption of the anthocyanins, but the Langmuir model was the most favorable model for studying the adsorption equilibrium of the chokeberry and elderberry anthocyanins on FIBAN K–1. Thermodynamic parameters of the anthocyanin adsorption, such as DG°, DH°, and DS° were calculated. The ∆G° values were negative, thus indicating that the adsorption of the chokeberry and elderberry anthocyanins on FIBAN K-1 was spontaneous and favorable process under the experimental conditions. The decrease of the ΔG° values with increasing temperature shows that adsorption is more favorable at high temperature. The ∆H°values were positive for the anthocyanins of both kind of berries, which indicates the adsorption was an endothermic reaction. The ∆S°values were positive, which means that the anthocyanins in the aqueous phase are more organized than those in the adsorbent-liquid interface.
在过去的几十年里，研究人员对从可用和低成本的植物材料中获得花青素的兴趣越来越大，不仅作为天然食品染料，而且用于制药产品。在花青素的植物来源中，苦莓和接骨木因其丰富的花青素含量而引起了消费者的兴趣。本文研究了纤维阳离子交换剂FIBAN K-1对越橘和接骨木提取物中花青素的吸附平衡和热力学。提取条件为:料液比1:2,293 K浸提24 h，浸提液浓度为0.1 M HCl，浸提液中总花青素含量采用ph差法测定。在静态条件下，将草莓花青素提取物与FIBAN K-1混合振荡，进行吸附实验。吸附等温线按Giles分类为l型。在293 ~ 313 K温度范围内，FIBAN K - 1对越橘和接骨木花色苷的吸附量随着温度的升高而增大。采用Langmuir、Freundlich和Temkin吸附模型来描述实验吸附等温线。这些模型与实验数据吻合较好，但Langmuir模型是研究板栗和接骨木花色苷在FIBAN K-1吸附平衡的最有利模型。计算了吸附花青素的DG°、DH°、DS°等热力学参数。∆G°值为负，说明在实验条件下，板栗和接骨木花色苷在FIBAN K-1上的吸附是自发的、有利的过程。ΔG°值随温度升高而减小，表明在高温下吸附更有利。两种浆果花青素的∆H°值均为正，表明吸附为吸热反应。∆S°值为正，说明水相中的花青素比吸附液界面中的花青素更有组织。
{"title":"Equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of anthocyanin adsorption on fibrous cation exchanger FIBAN K-1","authors":"L. Soldatkina","doi":"10.15407/hftp14.01.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/hftp14.01.067","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decades there has been an increased interest of researchers in the obtaining anthocyanins from available and low–cost plant materials, not only as natural food dyes but also for pharmaceutical products. Among plant sources of anthocyanins chokeberries and elderberries have attracted the interest of consumers due to abundant anthocyanin contents. In this study, adsorption equilibrium and thermodynamics of anthocyanins from chokeberry and elderberry extracts by fibrous cation exchanger FIBAN K–1 were investigated. The anthocyanin extracts were obtained by macerated in 0.1 M HCl under the follow extraction parameters: solid-liquid ratio = 1:2 at 293 K for 24 h. The total anthocyanin content in the extracts was determined by pH-differential method. Adsorption experiments were carried out under static conditions, shaking mixtures of anthocyanin extracts of the berries with FIBAN K–1. The adsorption isotherms were of L-type according to the classification of Giles. The adsorption capacity of FIBAN K– 1 for the chokeberry and elderberry anthocyanins increased as the temperature increased from 293 to 313 K. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption models were used to describe the experimental adsorption isotherms. These models had a good agreement with the experimental data for adsorption of the anthocyanins, but the Langmuir model was the most favorable model for studying the adsorption equilibrium of the chokeberry and elderberry anthocyanins on FIBAN K–1. Thermodynamic parameters of the anthocyanin adsorption, such as DG°, DH°, and DS° were calculated. The ∆G° values were negative, thus indicating that the adsorption of the chokeberry and elderberry anthocyanins on FIBAN K-1 was spontaneous and favorable process under the experimental conditions. The decrease of the ΔG° values with increasing temperature shows that adsorption is more favorable at high temperature. The ∆H°values were positive for the anthocyanins of both kind of berries, which indicates the adsorption was an endothermic reaction. The ∆S°values were positive, which means that the anthocyanins in the aqueous phase are more organized than those in the adsorbent-liquid interface.","PeriodicalId":296392,"journal":{"name":"Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125402237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Karachevtseva, V. Trachevskiy, O. Lytvynenko, M. Kartel
We investigated influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) on spectral characteristics of composites “rubber-carbon nanotubes”on the base of butadiene-nitrile rubber at 0–10 % of CNTs. IR reflectance maxima of composites were measured in the spectral area of the rubber CH deformation and valence vibrations. IR absorption spectra of composites “rubber-carbon nanotubes” after vulcanization includes some giant two-polar oscillations. IR absorption spectrum of composites “rubber-carbon nanotubes” at 1 % of CNTs without vulcanization includes the alone two-polar oscillation. Two-photon interference is a result of quantum entanglement of dipole-active vibrations and photon splitting according to Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) quantum effect. Two-photon maximal entanglement saturation is called as Bell states. HOM quantum effect is perspective for high-coherent optical quantum computers on composites “rubber-carbon nanotubes”.
{"title":"Hong-Ou-Mandel quantum effect on rubber-cnt composites","authors":"L. Karachevtseva, V. Trachevskiy, O. Lytvynenko, M. Kartel","doi":"10.15407/hftp14.01.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/hftp14.01.034","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) on spectral characteristics of composites “rubber-carbon nanotubes”on the base of butadiene-nitrile rubber at 0–10 % of CNTs. IR reflectance maxima of composites were measured in the spectral area of the rubber CH deformation and valence vibrations. IR absorption spectra of composites “rubber-carbon nanotubes” after vulcanization includes some giant two-polar oscillations. IR absorption spectrum of composites “rubber-carbon nanotubes” at 1 % of CNTs without vulcanization includes the alone two-polar oscillation. Two-photon interference is a result of quantum entanglement of dipole-active vibrations and photon splitting according to Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) quantum effect. Two-photon maximal entanglement saturation is called as Bell states. HOM quantum effect is perspective for high-coherent optical quantum computers on composites “rubber-carbon nanotubes”.","PeriodicalId":296392,"journal":{"name":"Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122797838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. A. Bohatyrenko, D. Kamenskyh, V. Yevdokymenko, O. Andreieva, M. O. Olyanovska
In this paper it is discussed the colloidal-chemical method of synthesis of dispersed composite bentonite-ferromagnetic powders that are stable to oxidation. It is shown that for this purpose it is advisable to use acid-activated bentonite clay with a high content of clay mineral - montmorillonite. Modified bentonite is a slightly amorphized silica product that serves as a porous matrix for crystallization of goethite α-FeOOH. The formation of goethite occurs at the centers of crystallization - particles of ferrihydrite stabilized by activated bentonite (Fh) during precipitation with an ammonia solution from a ferrum(ІІІ) hydroxide FeO(OH)×nH2O colloidal solution. In the resulting composite, goethite particles are cemented in the aluminosilicate framework of activated dispersed clay as a result of the interpenetration of the structures of the double layered hydroxide and activated bentonite. Further recrystallization of goethite with the formation of mainly magnetite and possibly maghemite in the structure of activated bentonite is provided by thermal firing of composite goethite powder with the addition of metallic iron powder. The methods of IR spectroscopy, X-ray structural analysis, electron microscopy and the study of magnetic properties showed that the obtained composite powder is environmentally friendly and exhibits the properties of a soft magnetic material. Such powders are promising for use as sorbents for environmental cleaning, as well as for biomedical purposes due to their low toxicity and high value of saturation magnetization.
{"title":"Colloidal-chemical synthesis of composite bentonite - ferromagnetic powder","authors":"V. A. Bohatyrenko, D. Kamenskyh, V. Yevdokymenko, O. Andreieva, M. O. Olyanovska","doi":"10.15407/hftp14.01.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/hftp14.01.053","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper it is discussed the colloidal-chemical method of synthesis of dispersed composite bentonite-ferromagnetic powders that are stable to oxidation. It is shown that for this purpose it is advisable to use acid-activated bentonite clay with a high content of clay mineral - montmorillonite. Modified bentonite is a slightly amorphized silica product that serves as a porous matrix for crystallization of goethite α-FeOOH. The formation of goethite occurs at the centers of crystallization - particles of ferrihydrite stabilized by activated bentonite (Fh) during precipitation with an ammonia solution from a ferrum(ІІІ) hydroxide FeO(OH)×nH2O colloidal solution. In the resulting composite, goethite particles are cemented in the aluminosilicate framework of activated dispersed clay as a result of the interpenetration of the structures of the double layered hydroxide and activated bentonite. Further recrystallization of goethite with the formation of mainly magnetite and possibly maghemite in the structure of activated bentonite is provided by thermal firing of composite goethite powder with the addition of metallic iron powder. The methods of IR spectroscopy, X-ray structural analysis, electron microscopy and the study of magnetic properties showed that the obtained composite powder is environmentally friendly and exhibits the properties of a soft magnetic material. Such powders are promising for use as sorbents for environmental cleaning, as well as for biomedical purposes due to their low toxicity and high value of saturation magnetization.","PeriodicalId":296392,"journal":{"name":"Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128367764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. V. Garbuz, V. A. Sydorenchuk, V. Muratov, L. Kuzmenko, A. Vasiliev, P. Mazur, M. Karpets, T. V. Khomko, T. Silinska, T. N. Terentyeva, L. O. Romanova
Boron carbide is a material of interest for personal body armor, but its low fracture toughness and amorphization limits its widespread use. Al and Si atoms in doped boron carbide reduce this problem. Passage of the substitution reaction in boron carbide powders with Al and Si vapors in vacuum was found. Certification methods: chemical analysis, full-profile XPA (Powder Cell for Windows. Version 2.4 FREE, W. Kraus & G. Nolze) and modeling in format of the 15-atomic unit cell B12(C-C-C) of trigonal syngony, spatial group R3 ̅m, Z = 3. A mixture of powders of boron carbide, aluminum or silicon is heat treated in vacuum at conventional evaporation temperatures of Al (1520 K) or Si (1640 K) for 1–5 h. The samples were purified with alkali and analyzed by arbitration chemical analysis for boron, carbon, aluminum and silicon. The formula composition of the input powders of boron carbide was determined as B12[(C-В-C)x(C-C-C)1-x], where x = 0.4–0.6. The aluminum substitution reaction takes place in both types of boron carbide chains and corresponds to the formula B12(C-Al-C) or AlB12C2. In the presence of silicon, the reaction took place exclusively at the positions of the tri-carbon chains. The composition of the obtained solid solution corresponds to - B12[(C-B-C)0.4(C-Si-C)0.6], starting powder B12[(C-B-C)0.4(C-C-C)0.6]. The absence of boron phases of silicide, such as SiB3 (SiB2.89), SiB6, SiBn (n ≈ 23) indicated greater resistance of C–B–C chains to interaction with vaporous Si. The content of Al and Si in the substituted phases is equal to 13.3 and 4.0 (% at.). Equivalent molar amounts of Al8B4C7 and SiC of gas-nano-phase origin were measured in the reaction products with vapor-like Al and Si. The area of tolerance chains of the boron carbide structure in the format of the average specific electronegativity (χN-Sh/rai) was found. It is in the range of values: 2.79 ≥ ССС ≥ СВС ≥ CSiC ≥ ВВС ≥ 2.18.
碳化硼是一种令人感兴趣的个人防弹衣材料，但其低断裂韧性和非晶化限制了其广泛使用。掺杂碳化硼中的Al和Si原子减少了这个问题。在真空条件下，发现了碳化硼粉末中Al和Si蒸气取代反应的通道。认证方法:化学分析，全剖面XPA (Powder Cell for Windows)。2.4 FREE, W. Kraus & G. Nolze)，并以三角共形的15原子单元胞B12(C-C-C)的格式建模，空间群R3′m, Z = 3。在Al (1520 K)或Si (1640 K)的常规蒸发温度下，将碳化硼、铝或硅粉末的混合物在真空中热处理1-5小时。样品用碱纯化，并通过仲裁化学分析分析硼、碳、铝和硅。确定碳化硼输入粉的配方组成为B12[(C-В-C)x(C-C-C)1-x]，其中x = 0.4-0.6。铝取代反应发生在两种类型的碳化硼链上，对应式为B12(C-Al-C)或AlB12C2。在硅存在的情况下，反应只发生在三碳链的位置上。所得固溶体的组成对应于- B12[(C-B-C)0.4(C-Si-C)0.6]，起始粉B12[(C-B-C)0.4(C-C-C)0.6]。硅化物中没有硼相，如SiB3 (SiB2.89)， SiB6, SiBn (n≈23)，表明C-B-C链对气相Si的相互作用具有更大的抗性。取代相中Al和Si的含量分别为13.3和4.0 (% at.)。测定了气纳米相来源的Al8B4C7和SiC在气相Al和Si反应产物中的当量摩尔量。用平均比电负性(χN-Sh/rai)表示碳化硼结构的公差链面积。取值范围为:2.79≥ССС≥СВС≥CSiC≥ВВС≥2.18。
{"title":"Location of Al and Si atoms in substituted boron carbide","authors":"V. V. Garbuz, V. A. Sydorenchuk, V. Muratov, L. Kuzmenko, A. Vasiliev, P. Mazur, M. Karpets, T. V. Khomko, T. Silinska, T. N. Terentyeva, L. O. Romanova","doi":"10.15407/hftp14.01.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/hftp14.01.076","url":null,"abstract":"Boron carbide is a material of interest for personal body armor, but its low fracture toughness and amorphization limits its widespread use. Al and Si atoms in doped boron carbide reduce this problem. Passage of the substitution reaction in boron carbide powders with Al and Si vapors in vacuum was found. Certification methods: chemical analysis, full-profile XPA (Powder Cell for Windows. Version 2.4 FREE, W. Kraus & G. Nolze) and modeling in format of the 15-atomic unit cell B12(C-C-C) of trigonal syngony, spatial group R3 ̅m, Z = 3. A mixture of powders of boron carbide, aluminum or silicon is heat treated in vacuum at conventional evaporation temperatures of Al (1520 K) or Si (1640 K) for 1–5 h. The samples were purified with alkali and analyzed by arbitration chemical analysis for boron, carbon, aluminum and silicon. The formula composition of the input powders of boron carbide was determined as B12[(C-В-C)x(C-C-C)1-x], where x = 0.4–0.6. The aluminum substitution reaction takes place in both types of boron carbide chains and corresponds to the formula B12(C-Al-C) or AlB12C2. In the presence of silicon, the reaction took place exclusively at the positions of the tri-carbon chains. The composition of the obtained solid solution corresponds to - B12[(C-B-C)0.4(C-Si-C)0.6], starting powder B12[(C-B-C)0.4(C-C-C)0.6]. The absence of boron phases of silicide, such as SiB3 (SiB2.89), SiB6, SiBn (n ≈ 23) indicated greater resistance of C–B–C chains to interaction with vaporous Si. The content of Al and Si in the substituted phases is equal to 13.3 and 4.0 (% at.). Equivalent molar amounts of Al8B4C7 and SiC of gas-nano-phase origin were measured in the reaction products with vapor-like Al and Si. The area of tolerance chains of the boron carbide structure in the format of the average specific electronegativity (χN-Sh/rai) was found. It is in the range of values: 2.79 ≥ ССС ≥ СВС ≥ CSiC ≥ ВВС ≥ 2.18.","PeriodicalId":296392,"journal":{"name":"Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134177298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The particulate morphology and textural characteristics of nanosilica A–300, initial and hydro-compacted (cA–300) by wetting with various amounts of water in the range of h = 0.5–5.0 g per gram of dry silica, strongly stirred and then dried, have been analyzed using low-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy (treated-dried-wetted samples), small angle X-ray scattering, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, infrared spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption methods (treated-dried-degassed samples). The effects of the hydro-compaction of A-300 depend strongly on the wetting degree with maximum changes at h = 1.5–2.0 g/g. The wetting degree could be varied to control the reorganization of aggregates of nonporous nanoparticles (NPNP, which are composed of tightly packed adherent proto-particles or nuclei) and agglomerates of aggregates (secondary and ternary structures, respectively), as well as visible particles; i.e., there is a penta-level structural hierarchy of nanosilica with three-level supra-NPNP structures. The hydro-compaction is accompanied by non-monotonic changes in the morphological and textural characteristics of cA–300 vs. h. However, the nanoparticles are much weaker affected by the treatment than higher hierarchical structures. At h £ 1 g/g, the reorganization of aggregate/agglomerate structures does not lead to diminution of the specific surface area (SSA); however, at h ³ 1.5 g/g, the SSA value decreases, but the pore volume (estimated from nitrogen adsorption) increases despite the empty volume (estimated from the bulk density rb) of the powder decreases from 21.8 cm3/g for initial A–300 (rb = 0.045 g/cm3) to 3.45 cm3/g on hydro-compaction at h = 4.5 g/g (rb = 0.256 g/cm3), pores become more ordered with a predominant contribution of cylindrical shapes. The textural reorganization of dried hydro-compacted nanosilica is possible again after addition of new water amount. This suggests that the chemical bonds between neighboring nanoparticles do not practically form upon the hydro-compaction and subsequent drying. Thus, hydro-compacted nanosilica loses a dust-forming property (since rb strongly increases), but it remains active with respect to the NPNP mobility, e.g., in aqueous media, and the possibility of the reorganization of the supra-NPNP structures remains under various external actions that is of importance from a practical point of view.
{"title":"Particulate morphology and textural characteristics of nanosilica hydro-compacted at various wetting degree","authors":"V. Gun'ko, V. Turov","doi":"10.15407/hftp14.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/hftp14.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"The particulate morphology and textural characteristics of nanosilica A–300, initial and hydro-compacted (cA–300) by wetting with various amounts of water in the range of h = 0.5–5.0 g per gram of dry silica, strongly stirred and then dried, have been analyzed using low-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy (treated-dried-wetted samples), small angle X-ray scattering, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, infrared spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption methods (treated-dried-degassed samples). The effects of the hydro-compaction of A-300 depend strongly on the wetting degree with maximum changes at h = 1.5–2.0 g/g. The wetting degree could be varied to control the reorganization of aggregates of nonporous nanoparticles (NPNP, which are composed of tightly packed adherent proto-particles or nuclei) and agglomerates of aggregates (secondary and ternary structures, respectively), as well as visible particles; i.e., there is a penta-level structural hierarchy of nanosilica with three-level supra-NPNP structures. The hydro-compaction is accompanied by non-monotonic changes in the morphological and textural characteristics of cA–300 vs. h. However, the nanoparticles are much weaker affected by the treatment than higher hierarchical structures. At h £ 1 g/g, the reorganization of aggregate/agglomerate structures does not lead to diminution of the specific surface area (SSA); however, at h ³ 1.5 g/g, the SSA value decreases, but the pore volume (estimated from nitrogen adsorption) increases despite the empty volume (estimated from the bulk density rb) of the powder decreases from 21.8 cm3/g for initial A–300 (rb = 0.045 g/cm3) to 3.45 cm3/g on hydro-compaction at h = 4.5 g/g (rb = 0.256 g/cm3), pores become more ordered with a predominant contribution of cylindrical shapes. The textural reorganization of dried hydro-compacted nanosilica is possible again after addition of new water amount. This suggests that the chemical bonds between neighboring nanoparticles do not practically form upon the hydro-compaction and subsequent drying. Thus, hydro-compacted nanosilica loses a dust-forming property (since rb strongly increases), but it remains active with respect to the NPNP mobility, e.g., in aqueous media, and the possibility of the reorganization of the supra-NPNP structures remains under various external actions that is of importance from a practical point of view.","PeriodicalId":296392,"journal":{"name":"Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121924941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kravchenko, L. Kuznetsova, A. Terebilenko, M. Tsyba, I. Romanova
The aim of presented work was to synthesize the ecologically friendly sorbents using low cost reagents based on magnesium silicates by precipitation, hydrothermal and sol-gel methods. Morphology of materials obtained was investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA), low temperature adsorption/desorption method, scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies (SEM and TEM). It has been found that all sorbents are obtained in a form of amorphous layer-structure magnesium silicates with the micro- and mesoporous structure. Based on low temperature nitrogen isotherms, the specific surface area and volume of micropores calculated by the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) methods were the greatest for the sample obtained by sol gel method (SBET = 640 m2/g, Vmicro = 0.26 cm3/g) while the sample synthesized by precipitation had the biggest volume of mesopores among the materials investigated (Vmeso = 0.39 cm3/g). As follows from TEM images, all samples consist of particles with the size from 10 up to 50 nm, the sample synthesized by sol gel method had the most homogeneous structure (MgSi-3). The ion exchange capacities of materials in the process of Cs+, Sr2+, Cu2+, and Co2+ removing from aqueous solution were determined and it was found that these properties depend on the method of materials obtaining. Data showed that magnesium silicate synthesized by precipitation method has the higher capacity toward the heavy metal cations compared to the radionuclides (1.56 and 0.96 mmol/g for cobalt and copper, respectively). For two samples synthesized by hydrothermal and sol-gel methods the increasing was fixed of capacity towards cesium and strontium ions that could be explained by the significant amounts of pores approx 2.6 nm radii in their structure. Experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir models. Analysing the data of adsorption studies, it was noted that all materials obtained can be used in adsorption technology for purification of water from heavy metal ions and radionuclides.
{"title":"Porous structure and adsorption properties of magnesium silicates synthesized by three routes","authors":"M. Kravchenko, L. Kuznetsova, A. Terebilenko, M. Tsyba, I. Romanova","doi":"10.15407/hftp14.01.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/hftp14.01.113","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of presented work was to synthesize the ecologically friendly sorbents using low cost reagents based on magnesium silicates by precipitation, hydrothermal and sol-gel methods. Morphology of materials obtained was investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA), low temperature adsorption/desorption method, scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies (SEM and TEM). It has been found that all sorbents are obtained in a form of amorphous layer-structure magnesium silicates with the micro- and mesoporous structure. Based on low temperature nitrogen isotherms, the specific surface area and volume of micropores calculated by the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) methods were the greatest for the sample obtained by sol gel method (SBET = 640 m2/g, Vmicro = 0.26 cm3/g) while the sample synthesized by precipitation had the biggest volume of mesopores among the materials investigated (Vmeso = 0.39 cm3/g). As follows from TEM images, all samples consist of particles with the size from 10 up to 50 nm, the sample synthesized by sol gel method had the most homogeneous structure (MgSi-3). The ion exchange capacities of materials in the process of Cs+, Sr2+, Cu2+, and Co2+ removing from aqueous solution were determined and it was found that these properties depend on the method of materials obtaining. Data showed that magnesium silicate synthesized by precipitation method has the higher capacity toward the heavy metal cations compared to the radionuclides (1.56 and 0.96 mmol/g for cobalt and copper, respectively). For two samples synthesized by hydrothermal and sol-gel methods the increasing was fixed of capacity towards cesium and strontium ions that could be explained by the significant amounts of pores approx 2.6 nm radii in their structure. Experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir models. Analysing the data of adsorption studies, it was noted that all materials obtained can be used in adsorption technology for purification of water from heavy metal ions and radionuclides.","PeriodicalId":296392,"journal":{"name":"Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115193722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Karpyna, L. Myroniuk, D. Myroniuk, M. Bugaiova, L. Petrosian, O. Bykov, O. Olifan, V. Strelchuk, O. Kolomys, V. Romanyuk, K. Naumenko, L. Artiukh, O. Povnitsa, S. Zahorodnia, A. S. Ievtushenko
Zinc oxide nanostructures (NS) were grown on thin discontinuous films of noble metals of silver and gold in order to study their structure, optical properties as well as photocatalytic and antiviral activity. The paper presents the results of X-ray diffraction study, scanning electron microscopy study, photoluminescence and Raman measurements. X-ray diffraction experiments demonstrate similar patterns for all grown ZnO nanostructures. The SEM images of ZnO NS grown on Ag/Si and Au/Si wafers demonstrate more dense surface microstructure compared to ZnO NS grown on bare Si wafers. The most intensive ultraviolet and deep level emissions are observed for ZnO NS grown on Ag/Si wafers. Increase in thicknesses of Ag island film from 5 nm to 10 nm gives significant increase in intensity of ultraviolet and deep level emissions. Photocatalysis of grown ZnO nanostructures was studied by methyl orange dye degradation. Superior photocatalytic results are demonstrated by ZnO nanostructures grown on Ag/Si wafers, for which constants of dye degradation were twice higher than for ZnO nanostructures grown on Si and Au/Si substrates. The photocatalytic results correlates with photoluminescence spectra: more intensive photoluminescence in ultraviolet and visible ranges of optical spectrum leads to better photocatalytic performance. The cytotoxic effect of ZnO nanostructures was studied without photoactivation by the help of cell cultures MDCK and Hep-2 while the virucidal effect of ZnO nanostructures was studied by the help of Influenza A virus (H1N1) (strain FM / 1/47) and human adenovirus serotype 2 (HAdV2). ZnO nanostructures in a 1:10 dilution were not toxic to Hep-2 and MDCK cells. Most of the tested ZnO nanostructures exhibited no virucidal activity against human adenovirus serotype 2 (HAdV2) and influenza A virus (H1N1) (strain FM / 1/47) in the absence of photoexcitation.
{"title":"Photocatalysis and optical properties of ZnO nanostructures grown by MOCVD on Si, Au/Si and Ag/Si wafers","authors":"V. Karpyna, L. Myroniuk, D. Myroniuk, M. Bugaiova, L. Petrosian, O. Bykov, O. Olifan, V. Strelchuk, O. Kolomys, V. Romanyuk, K. Naumenko, L. Artiukh, O. Povnitsa, S. Zahorodnia, A. S. Ievtushenko","doi":"10.15407/hftp14.01.083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/hftp14.01.083","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc oxide nanostructures (NS) were grown on thin discontinuous films of noble metals of silver and gold in order to study their structure, optical properties as well as photocatalytic and antiviral activity. The paper presents the results of X-ray diffraction study, scanning electron microscopy study, photoluminescence and Raman measurements. X-ray diffraction experiments demonstrate similar patterns for all grown ZnO nanostructures. The SEM images of ZnO NS grown on Ag/Si and Au/Si wafers demonstrate more dense surface microstructure compared to ZnO NS grown on bare Si wafers. The most intensive ultraviolet and deep level emissions are observed for ZnO NS grown on Ag/Si wafers. Increase in thicknesses of Ag island film from 5 nm to 10 nm gives significant increase in intensity of ultraviolet and deep level emissions. Photocatalysis of grown ZnO nanostructures was studied by methyl orange dye degradation. Superior photocatalytic results are demonstrated by ZnO nanostructures grown on Ag/Si wafers, for which constants of dye degradation were twice higher than for ZnO nanostructures grown on Si and Au/Si substrates. The photocatalytic results correlates with photoluminescence spectra: more intensive photoluminescence in ultraviolet and visible ranges of optical spectrum leads to better photocatalytic performance. The cytotoxic effect of ZnO nanostructures was studied without photoactivation by the help of cell cultures MDCK and Hep-2 while the virucidal effect of ZnO nanostructures was studied by the help of Influenza A virus (H1N1) (strain FM / 1/47) and human adenovirus serotype 2 (HAdV2). ZnO nanostructures in a 1:10 dilution were not toxic to Hep-2 and MDCK cells. Most of the tested ZnO nanostructures exhibited no virucidal activity against human adenovirus serotype 2 (HAdV2) and influenza A virus (H1N1) (strain FM / 1/47) in the absence of photoexcitation.","PeriodicalId":296392,"journal":{"name":"Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131455367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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