Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086046
Paranietharan Arunagirinathan, G. Venayagamoorthy
Poorly damped low frequency oscillations in power systems have led to system blackouts in the past. Power system stabilizers (PSSs) are installed to improve synchronous generator's oscillation damping capabilities. PSS parameter tuning by various traditional and new optimization methods are studied to ensure stable and secure operation of interconnected power systems with uncertainties. It is imperative to evaluate the tuned PSSs with the different methods to ensure continued security of a power system during operation. There is a lack of such situational awareness at electric utility control centers to assist system operators with the knowledge of synchronous generator's oscillation damping capabilities. Since the human brain responses to images and colors faster compared to text and numbers, it is desirable to develop advanced visualizations and avail them to system operators. These visualizations could utilize real-time data from phasor measurement units. This paper presents the development of a new tool for use in control centers for modal analysis visualization (MAV). Modal analysis is performed on oscillations exhibited by generators in a power system. The MAV enhances situational awareness at control centers by providing near real-time insight into generators' oscillation damping capabilities.
{"title":"Situational awareness in an electric utility's control center of its generators' damping capabilities","authors":"Paranietharan Arunagirinathan, G. Venayagamoorthy","doi":"10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086046","url":null,"abstract":"Poorly damped low frequency oscillations in power systems have led to system blackouts in the past. Power system stabilizers (PSSs) are installed to improve synchronous generator's oscillation damping capabilities. PSS parameter tuning by various traditional and new optimization methods are studied to ensure stable and secure operation of interconnected power systems with uncertainties. It is imperative to evaluate the tuned PSSs with the different methods to ensure continued security of a power system during operation. There is a lack of such situational awareness at electric utility control centers to assist system operators with the knowledge of synchronous generator's oscillation damping capabilities. Since the human brain responses to images and colors faster compared to text and numbers, it is desirable to develop advanced visualizations and avail them to system operators. These visualizations could utilize real-time data from phasor measurement units. This paper presents the development of a new tool for use in control centers for modal analysis visualization (MAV). Modal analysis is performed on oscillations exhibited by generators in a power system. The MAV enhances situational awareness at control centers by providing near real-time insight into generators' oscillation damping capabilities.","PeriodicalId":296398,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121131663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086025
S. Matos, L. Encarnação, C. Donadel
The current distribution systems and power transmission are designed with a power flow characteristic flowing from the source to the load at all times. From the dissemination and use in larger-scale distributed generators, questions arise as to the operation of current protection systems. This article aims to analyze the contribution to the short circuit of a solar generator connected to an urban power grid, to support an analysis of the cur — action of the protections currently installed, they do not consider the installation of new generators coming to consumers.
{"title":"Analysis of contribution from solar generators for short circuit in an urban distribution system","authors":"S. Matos, L. Encarnação, C. Donadel","doi":"10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086025","url":null,"abstract":"The current distribution systems and power transmission are designed with a power flow characteristic flowing from the source to the load at all times. From the dissemination and use in larger-scale distributed generators, questions arise as to the operation of current protection systems. This article aims to analyze the contribution to the short circuit of a solar generator connected to an urban power grid, to support an analysis of the cur — action of the protections currently installed, they do not consider the installation of new generators coming to consumers.","PeriodicalId":296398,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131671213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086001
Charith Wickramaarachchi, R. Kannan, C. Chelmis, V. Prasanna
Protecting the integrity of state estimates that inform the physical state of a power transmission network is vital for the safe operation. Existing methods to protect the critical state estimates in smart-grid against data spoofing attacks assume a static set of critical buses. Instead, we propose a generalized optimal protection scheme based on a prize-collecting Steiner tree formulation that captures the criticality of buses and protection cost. We argue that the criticality of buses can change over time, and present a set of optimal schemes for adaptive protection against data spoofing attacks in smart grids. Next, we note that such optimal schemes are computationally intractable and propose heuristics with polynomial time complexity. We evaluate the proposed protection schemes using simulations on publicly available transmission network datasets. Simulation results show that the proposed heuristics closely approximate the optimal results while being able to scale for large transmission networks.
{"title":"PReSS towards a secure smart grid: Protection recommendations against smart spoofing","authors":"Charith Wickramaarachchi, R. Kannan, C. Chelmis, V. Prasanna","doi":"10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086001","url":null,"abstract":"Protecting the integrity of state estimates that inform the physical state of a power transmission network is vital for the safe operation. Existing methods to protect the critical state estimates in smart-grid against data spoofing attacks assume a static set of critical buses. Instead, we propose a generalized optimal protection scheme based on a prize-collecting Steiner tree formulation that captures the criticality of buses and protection cost. We argue that the criticality of buses can change over time, and present a set of optimal schemes for adaptive protection against data spoofing attacks in smart grids. Next, we note that such optimal schemes are computationally intractable and propose heuristics with polynomial time complexity. We evaluate the proposed protection schemes using simulations on publicly available transmission network datasets. Simulation results show that the proposed heuristics closely approximate the optimal results while being able to scale for large transmission networks.","PeriodicalId":296398,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124051093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086016
A. Nelson, G. Martin, James Hurtt
As revised interconnection standards for grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) inverters address new advanced grid support functions (GSFs), there is increasing interest in inverter performance in the case of abnormal grid conditions. The growth of GSF-enabled inverters has outpaced the industry standards that define their operation, although recently published updates to UL1741 Supplement SA define test conditions for GSFs such as volt-var control, frequency-watt control, and voltage/frequency ride-through, among others. This paper describes the results of a comparative experimental evaluation on four commercially available, three-phase PV inverters in the 24.0–39.8 kVA power range on their GSF capability and its effect on abnormal grid condition response. The evaluation examined the impact particular GSF implementations have on run-on times during islanding conditions, peak voltages in load rejection overvoltage scenarios, and peak currents during single-phase and three-phase fault events for individual inverters. Testing results indicated a wide variance in the performance of GSF enabled inverters to various test cases.
{"title":"Experimental evaluation of grid support enabled PV inverter response to abnormal grid conditions","authors":"A. Nelson, G. Martin, James Hurtt","doi":"10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086016","url":null,"abstract":"As revised interconnection standards for grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) inverters address new advanced grid support functions (GSFs), there is increasing interest in inverter performance in the case of abnormal grid conditions. The growth of GSF-enabled inverters has outpaced the industry standards that define their operation, although recently published updates to UL1741 Supplement SA define test conditions for GSFs such as volt-var control, frequency-watt control, and voltage/frequency ride-through, among others. This paper describes the results of a comparative experimental evaluation on four commercially available, three-phase PV inverters in the 24.0–39.8 kVA power range on their GSF capability and its effect on abnormal grid condition response. The evaluation examined the impact particular GSF implementations have on run-on times during islanding conditions, peak voltages in load rejection overvoltage scenarios, and peak currents during single-phase and three-phase fault events for individual inverters. Testing results indicated a wide variance in the performance of GSF enabled inverters to various test cases.","PeriodicalId":296398,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117161339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086048
M. Farajollahi, A. Shahsavari, Hamed Mohsenian Rad
This paper proposes a novel method to identify the location of a high-impedance fault (HIF) in a power distribution system. The developed method uses synchronized harmonic phasors with focus on the third harmonic component. Such harmonic synchrophasors could be provided in practice, e.g., by distribution level phasor measurement units, a.k.a, μPMUs. In this regard, the location of the fault can be estimated based on the impedance that is calculated from the third harmonic voltage and current synchrophasors produced by the fault and captured by the μPMUs. In this method, both resistance and inductance are estimated, to allow fault location identification even in a network with multiple type conductors. Note that, the fault does not need to be fully observable. As few as two μPMUs would be sufficient to estimate the HIF location at least to certain accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulating the IEEE 33 bus test system in PSCAD.
{"title":"Location identification of high impedance faults using synchronized harmonic phasors","authors":"M. Farajollahi, A. Shahsavari, Hamed Mohsenian Rad","doi":"10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086048","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel method to identify the location of a high-impedance fault (HIF) in a power distribution system. The developed method uses synchronized harmonic phasors with focus on the third harmonic component. Such harmonic synchrophasors could be provided in practice, e.g., by distribution level phasor measurement units, a.k.a, μPMUs. In this regard, the location of the fault can be estimated based on the impedance that is calculated from the third harmonic voltage and current synchrophasors produced by the fault and captured by the μPMUs. In this method, both resistance and inductance are estimated, to allow fault location identification even in a network with multiple type conductors. Note that, the fault does not need to be fully observable. As few as two μPMUs would be sufficient to estimate the HIF location at least to certain accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulating the IEEE 33 bus test system in PSCAD.","PeriodicalId":296398,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124813828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086031
Imane Biyya, G. Aniba, M. Maaroufi
This paper questions the impact of Renewable Energy Sources and load uncertainties on sizing Energy Storage Systems, as well as these uncertainties dynamics in a distributed configuration. Given the current energetic concern, the importance of the massive integration of renewable energies and storage systems, in number and kind, has become obvious. Nonetheless, demand matching with these two options is quite challenging inasmuch as renewable energy sources are significantly random and as storage systems are high-priced and imitate load and production uncertainties. For this purpose, herein we firstly used Gaussian Mixtures to model renewable energy outcome; secondly, we developed a probabilistic procedure to size Energy Storage Systems as an aggregated unit, and finally, we examined the impact of distributing generation on uncertainties of individual units. Simulations on real load and photovoltaic historical data show that uncertainties, with respect to rating power and energy, slightly increase in a non-linear fashion.
{"title":"Impact of load and renewable energy uncertainties on single and multiple energy storage systems sizing","authors":"Imane Biyya, G. Aniba, M. Maaroufi","doi":"10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086031","url":null,"abstract":"This paper questions the impact of Renewable Energy Sources and load uncertainties on sizing Energy Storage Systems, as well as these uncertainties dynamics in a distributed configuration. Given the current energetic concern, the importance of the massive integration of renewable energies and storage systems, in number and kind, has become obvious. Nonetheless, demand matching with these two options is quite challenging inasmuch as renewable energy sources are significantly random and as storage systems are high-priced and imitate load and production uncertainties. For this purpose, herein we firstly used Gaussian Mixtures to model renewable energy outcome; secondly, we developed a probabilistic procedure to size Energy Storage Systems as an aggregated unit, and finally, we examined the impact of distributing generation on uncertainties of individual units. Simulations on real load and photovoltaic historical data show that uncertainties, with respect to rating power and energy, slightly increase in a non-linear fashion.","PeriodicalId":296398,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129839983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT.2017.8085992
A. Yazdani, M. Zarghami
Due to environmental impacts of traditional energy production, the integration of renewable energy in high volume has become more favorable. A series of analytical studies are required prior to integration of windfarms into the transmission system. For instance, equipment sizing and high voltage analysis are some of the crucial assessments. Equipment sizing in high voltage substation is done considering Transient Over Voltage (TOV) quantity that any device may tolerate due to experiencing surge and/or switching. The high elevation levels that windfarms are installed, make them more susceptible to TOVs related to lightning strikes. This paper focuses on sizing the required protecting devices in a windfarm interconnected to transmission system through a high voltage substation. The study methodology is suitable for fast transient analysis such as lightning analysis.
{"title":"Frequency dependent line modeling and equipment sizing for a transmission level wind farm integration","authors":"A. Yazdani, M. Zarghami","doi":"10.1109/ISGT.2017.8085992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2017.8085992","url":null,"abstract":"Due to environmental impacts of traditional energy production, the integration of renewable energy in high volume has become more favorable. A series of analytical studies are required prior to integration of windfarms into the transmission system. For instance, equipment sizing and high voltage analysis are some of the crucial assessments. Equipment sizing in high voltage substation is done considering Transient Over Voltage (TOV) quantity that any device may tolerate due to experiencing surge and/or switching. The high elevation levels that windfarms are installed, make them more susceptible to TOVs related to lightning strikes. This paper focuses on sizing the required protecting devices in a windfarm interconnected to transmission system through a high voltage substation. The study methodology is suitable for fast transient analysis such as lightning analysis.","PeriodicalId":296398,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126333135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT.2017.8085962
Nilotpal Chakraborty, E. Kalaimannan
Direct load control has been an efficient and effective load control mechanism under demand side management in smart grid. With this technique, consumers' energy consuming appliances are managed and controlled by central utility with the primary objective of load profiling and to reduce peak load demand. In this paper, we take up the problem of scheduling under peak load constraint for controllable appliances that allows them to be run on various energy consumption levels. The problem is a unique manifold optimization problem where before scheduling a device, we are required to select a specific power consumption level for it that would result in minimizing overall finishing time (delay minimization). We model this problem into two-dimensional bin packing problem and present mathematical programming formulation, while proving it to be NP-hard. We have obtained optimum solutions for 20 numbers of appliances using IBM ILOG CPLEX optimization solver. Further a number of approximation algorithms have been used to obtain solutions quickly.
{"title":"Selective scheduling: Controlling non-preemptive devices in smart grid environment","authors":"Nilotpal Chakraborty, E. Kalaimannan","doi":"10.1109/ISGT.2017.8085962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2017.8085962","url":null,"abstract":"Direct load control has been an efficient and effective load control mechanism under demand side management in smart grid. With this technique, consumers' energy consuming appliances are managed and controlled by central utility with the primary objective of load profiling and to reduce peak load demand. In this paper, we take up the problem of scheduling under peak load constraint for controllable appliances that allows them to be run on various energy consumption levels. The problem is a unique manifold optimization problem where before scheduling a device, we are required to select a specific power consumption level for it that would result in minimizing overall finishing time (delay minimization). We model this problem into two-dimensional bin packing problem and present mathematical programming formulation, while proving it to be NP-hard. We have obtained optimum solutions for 20 numbers of appliances using IBM ILOG CPLEX optimization solver. Further a number of approximation algorithms have been used to obtain solutions quickly.","PeriodicalId":296398,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127444313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086090
Sultan S. Alkaabi, H. Zeineldin, V. Khadkikar
This paper presents a simplified modeling approach for power flow equations considering on-load tap-changers (OLTCs). The modeling approach consists of only four active and reactive nodal power injections and line power flows equations, and treats the elements of Ybus admittance matrix as constant parameters. The transformer tap ratios are only included in the simplified four equations as control variables, and hence not included in the Ybus matrix. This modeling approach reduces significantly the total number of variables and thus improves the computational time performance. The proposed approach is applicable for any system that does not have tap changing transformers connected in two adjacent buses, or multiple tap changing transformers connected to one bus.
{"title":"Simplified power flow modeling approach considering on-load tap changers","authors":"Sultan S. Alkaabi, H. Zeineldin, V. Khadkikar","doi":"10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086090","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simplified modeling approach for power flow equations considering on-load tap-changers (OLTCs). The modeling approach consists of only four active and reactive nodal power injections and line power flows equations, and treats the elements of Ybus admittance matrix as constant parameters. The transformer tap ratios are only included in the simplified four equations as control variables, and hence not included in the Ybus matrix. This modeling approach reduces significantly the total number of variables and thus improves the computational time performance. The proposed approach is applicable for any system that does not have tap changing transformers connected in two adjacent buses, or multiple tap changing transformers connected to one bus.","PeriodicalId":296398,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","volume":"80 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128130537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086042
Priyanka, S. K. Bath, M. Rizwan
In the developing countries like India there are around 20% villages are not electrified yet. However, there is a lot of opportunity to harness the renewable energy sources at these locations. In this study a remote area of Haryana, India has been considered to fulfill the demand of a village using renewable energy sources. The proposed hybrid system consisting of solar photovoltaic, biomass, biogas and battery storage system is developed and presented. In addition, techno-economic analysis with greenhouse gas analysis has also been presented. The developed system has least net present cost, cost of energy with negligible green house gas emission.
{"title":"Design and optimization of RES based standalone hybrid system for remote applications","authors":"Priyanka, S. K. Bath, M. Rizwan","doi":"10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2017.8086042","url":null,"abstract":"In the developing countries like India there are around 20% villages are not electrified yet. However, there is a lot of opportunity to harness the renewable energy sources at these locations. In this study a remote area of Haryana, India has been considered to fulfill the demand of a village using renewable energy sources. The proposed hybrid system consisting of solar photovoltaic, biomass, biogas and battery storage system is developed and presented. In addition, techno-economic analysis with greenhouse gas analysis has also been presented. The developed system has least net present cost, cost of energy with negligible green house gas emission.","PeriodicalId":296398,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133312232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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