Beenish Nadeem, N. Malik, M. Niazi, Saira Ahmad, Mariam Hassan Bukhari, Arsalan Khalid
Congenital heart diseases constitute almost 0.8 to 1.2% of newborn illnesses globally however unfortunately 64% of them remained undiagnosed on conventional anamoly scan which uses four chamber view for cardiac evaluation. In developed countries, other than routine anomaly scan, the three vessel view(3VV) has been added to look for any potential outflow tract anomalies which increased the sensitivity of screening CHD however this view is not routinely used in our clinical practice due to lack of expertise and less awareness regarding the importance of this view . We aimed to establish normal reference values of fetal pulmonary and fetal aorta diameter value using 3VV so that its routine use can increase diagnostic accuracy of anamoly scan in our population. Methodology: This is a non probability convenient study investigating healthy pregnant females between 18-26weeks of gestation conducted from 04-02-2022 to 04-08-2022. After formal ethical approval, 56 patients were included in the study. After achieving 3VV,fetal pulmonary artery and fetal aorta diameter were evaluated and mean values were calculated for each gestational week. Results: The mean age of pregnant females included is 27.3 + 4.4 years (range 20 -37 years). The pulmonary artery diameter ranged from 2.3mm at 18 week of gestation to 3.6mm at 26 week of gestation. Fetal PAD is observed to correlate linearly (r=0.887) with gestational age and linear regression equation derived as PAD= (-0.52) +0.15(GA). Mean fetal aortic diameter was calculated ranged from 1.5mm at 18 week of gestation to 1.6mm at 26week of gestation. Fetal aorta diameter correlation with gestational was found to be 0.164 showing weak correlation along with insignificant regression analysis hence the regression equation cannot be formulated for fetal aorta. Conclusion: Normal mean values of fetal pulmonary artery and fetal aorta from 18-26weeks of gestation were calculated. Linear relationship was found between pulmonary artery diameter and gestational age. However weak correlation noted between fetal aorta diameter and gestational age was noted. Keywords: Fetal pulmonary artery; fetal aorta; anamoly scan; three vessel view(3VV); normal range.
{"title":"Establishing Normal Range of Fetal Pulmonary Artery and Fetal Aortic Diameter in 18-26 Weeks of Gestation in Pakistani Population","authors":"Beenish Nadeem, N. Malik, M. Niazi, Saira Ahmad, Mariam Hassan Bukhari, Arsalan Khalid","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610482","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital heart diseases constitute almost 0.8 to 1.2% of newborn illnesses globally however unfortunately 64% of them remained undiagnosed on conventional anamoly scan which uses four chamber view for cardiac evaluation. In developed countries, other than routine anomaly scan, the three vessel view(3VV) has been added to look for any potential outflow tract anomalies which increased the sensitivity of screening CHD however this view is not routinely used in our clinical practice due to lack of expertise and less awareness regarding the importance of this view . We aimed to establish normal reference values of fetal pulmonary and fetal aorta diameter value using 3VV so that its routine use can increase diagnostic accuracy of anamoly scan in our population. Methodology: This is a non probability convenient study investigating healthy pregnant females between 18-26weeks of gestation conducted from 04-02-2022 to 04-08-2022. After formal ethical approval, 56 patients were included in the study. After achieving 3VV,fetal pulmonary artery and fetal aorta diameter were evaluated and mean values were calculated for each gestational week. Results: The mean age of pregnant females included is 27.3 + 4.4 years (range 20 -37 years). The pulmonary artery diameter ranged from 2.3mm at 18 week of gestation to 3.6mm at 26 week of gestation. Fetal PAD is observed to correlate linearly (r=0.887) with gestational age and linear regression equation derived as PAD= (-0.52) +0.15(GA). Mean fetal aortic diameter was calculated ranged from 1.5mm at 18 week of gestation to 1.6mm at 26week of gestation. Fetal aorta diameter correlation with gestational was found to be 0.164 showing weak correlation along with insignificant regression analysis hence the regression equation cannot be formulated for fetal aorta. Conclusion: Normal mean values of fetal pulmonary artery and fetal aorta from 18-26weeks of gestation were calculated. Linear relationship was found between pulmonary artery diameter and gestational age. However weak correlation noted between fetal aorta diameter and gestational age was noted. Keywords: Fetal pulmonary artery; fetal aorta; anamoly scan; three vessel view(3VV); normal range.","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124431787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Qureshi, F. Baloch, Naheed Haroon Kazi, I. Qureshi, T. Kousar
Objective: To determine mothers' knowledge regarding ORS therapy during diarrhea among children, aged under five years. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study and was conducted at the pediatric department of Bilawal Medical College for Boys LUMHS/Jamshoro. The study duration was six months, from March 2021 to August 2021. All the mothers, aged 18 to 40 years, who presented with their children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea and were willing to participate in the study were included. After taking demographic information, interviews were conducted with the mothers, and data was gathered. A self-structured questioner was used to assess the maternal knowledge in terms of diarrhea and its severity, the purpose of ORS, the ORS preparation method, the frequency of use, and the type of ORS. All the data was collected via a study proforma, and SPSS version 26 was used for the data analysis. Results: Children’s mean age was 4.0+2.58 years. Most of the children 60.5% were girls and 38.3% were boys. The majority of women, 43.2%, were educated; 30.9% had a secondary education; 21% had a primary education; and only 4.9% were graduates. Majority of the individuals 75.3% belongs to poor socioeconomic status. Overall, 82.7% of mothers were aware of the severity of diarrhea, 91.4% were aware of ORS, 61.7% believed it was used to prevent water loss, 4.9% believed it prevented salt and water imbalances, and 4.9% believed it was used to prevent diarrhea, while 28.4% were unaware. 69.1% of mothers were aware of the ORS preparation method, but 56.8% had no idea how long ORS should be used for. 49.4% of mothers said ORS should be used slowly at small intervals, few said as per demand; and the remaining had no knowledge. Although regarding types of ORS, most of the mothers 71.6% had no idea. Conclusion: As per the study conclusion, most of the mothers had inadequate knowledge of ORS therapy during diarrhea. Numerous factors, including lower socioeconomic status, maternal illiteracy, caregiver ignorance, and the inability to offer therapy, when necessary, are linked to the severity of disease. Keywords: Diarrhea, ORS, Dehydration, knowledge, Mothers
{"title":"Level of Knowledge among Mother’s Uses of ORS Therapy in Diarrhea Under 5 Years of Children","authors":"R. Qureshi, F. Baloch, Naheed Haroon Kazi, I. Qureshi, T. Kousar","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610466","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine mothers' knowledge regarding ORS therapy during diarrhea among children, aged under five years. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study and was conducted at the pediatric department of Bilawal Medical College for Boys LUMHS/Jamshoro. The study duration was six months, from March 2021 to August 2021. All the mothers, aged 18 to 40 years, who presented with their children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea and were willing to participate in the study were included. After taking demographic information, interviews were conducted with the mothers, and data was gathered. A self-structured questioner was used to assess the maternal knowledge in terms of diarrhea and its severity, the purpose of ORS, the ORS preparation method, the frequency of use, and the type of ORS. All the data was collected via a study proforma, and SPSS version 26 was used for the data analysis. Results: Children’s mean age was 4.0+2.58 years. Most of the children 60.5% were girls and 38.3% were boys. The majority of women, 43.2%, were educated; 30.9% had a secondary education; 21% had a primary education; and only 4.9% were graduates. Majority of the individuals 75.3% belongs to poor socioeconomic status. Overall, 82.7% of mothers were aware of the severity of diarrhea, 91.4% were aware of ORS, 61.7% believed it was used to prevent water loss, 4.9% believed it prevented salt and water imbalances, and 4.9% believed it was used to prevent diarrhea, while 28.4% were unaware. 69.1% of mothers were aware of the ORS preparation method, but 56.8% had no idea how long ORS should be used for. 49.4% of mothers said ORS should be used slowly at small intervals, few said as per demand; and the remaining had no knowledge. Although regarding types of ORS, most of the mothers 71.6% had no idea. Conclusion: As per the study conclusion, most of the mothers had inadequate knowledge of ORS therapy during diarrhea. Numerous factors, including lower socioeconomic status, maternal illiteracy, caregiver ignorance, and the inability to offer therapy, when necessary, are linked to the severity of disease. Keywords: Diarrhea, ORS, Dehydration, knowledge, Mothers","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116948662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Nusrullah, Afeera Hamid, M. Rashid, H. Waqas, Abdul Rauf
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchial washing is done for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis among patients who cannot produce sputum spontaneously. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy for detection of positive cases in cases of Smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: All patients (n=80) were advised NPO for 6 hours before carrying out the procedure. It was done using local anesthesia while retrievement of the instilled amount by 25% was considered successful. The bronchial washings were sent for AFB staining in-order to confirm the presence or absence of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Bronchial washing smear was considered positive if 1-9 AFB/HPF are seen on direct microscopy. Statistical Analysis: SPSS v.26 analyzed the data. Stratification of diagnostic yield was done with respect to age and gender. Post stratification Chi-Squire test was applied with P-value ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The diagnostic yield of FOB for detection of positive cases in cases of Smear negative PTB was 57.5%. The highest diagnostic yield was seen in patients in the age group 16-32 and 49-60 years old patients i.e. 37% in both groups. For both genders diagnostic yield for FOB was 50%. However patient’s age and gender were insignificantly associated with diagnostic yield of FOB. Conclusion: It was concluded that FOB can provide a rapid and definitive diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in sputum negative patients. Keywords: Diagnostic Yield, Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy, Smear Negative and Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
{"title":"Diagnostic Yield of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy Washings among Patients of Sputum Smear Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis","authors":"Muhammad Nusrullah, Afeera Hamid, M. Rashid, H. Waqas, Abdul Rauf","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610445","url":null,"abstract":"Fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchial washing is done for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis among patients who cannot produce sputum spontaneously. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy for detection of positive cases in cases of Smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: All patients (n=80) were advised NPO for 6 hours before carrying out the procedure. It was done using local anesthesia while retrievement of the instilled amount by 25% was considered successful. The bronchial washings were sent for AFB staining in-order to confirm the presence or absence of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Bronchial washing smear was considered positive if 1-9 AFB/HPF are seen on direct microscopy. Statistical Analysis: SPSS v.26 analyzed the data. Stratification of diagnostic yield was done with respect to age and gender. Post stratification Chi-Squire test was applied with P-value ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The diagnostic yield of FOB for detection of positive cases in cases of Smear negative PTB was 57.5%. The highest diagnostic yield was seen in patients in the age group 16-32 and 49-60 years old patients i.e. 37% in both groups. For both genders diagnostic yield for FOB was 50%. However patient’s age and gender were insignificantly associated with diagnostic yield of FOB. Conclusion: It was concluded that FOB can provide a rapid and definitive diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in sputum negative patients. Keywords: Diagnostic Yield, Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy, Smear Negative and Pulmonary Tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116734766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noreen Kousar, Muhammad Tariq Ghaffor, Sadaf Shahzadi, Sohail Sabir, S. Naseem, S. Haider
Cracked nipple is a painful condition for lactating mothers and if untreated leads to lactational mastitis, breast abscesses Objectives: T o compare the efficacy of dexpanthenol, olive oil and breast milk for nipple cracks treatment in lactating mothers Outcome Measures: We measured the Severity of pain (the primary outcome) by using visual analogue scale (VAS) and healing of cracked nipple (Secondary outcome) was assess by Nipple trauma score (NTS) before treatment and after7days, 14 days of treatment Material And Methods: We conducted a quasi experimental study from march 2022 to end of august 2022 in sheikh zayed hospital, Rahim Yar Khan after ethical approval from institutional review board. The total numbers of 120patient were equally divided into three groups using Breast milk, Olive oil or Dexpanthenol respectively for their cracked nipples. The data was collected on predesigned Performa.Data Analysis Procedure: We measured the percentages ,means and standard deviations with the help of statistical package for social sciences version (SPSS) version 28. ANOVA test and Non-parametric test were also used to test the difference between study groups Results: At day0 baseline mean nipple pain score and nipple trauma score was same in all groups.At day 7 breast milk and olive oil show better reduction in pain as compared to Dexpanthenol.At day 14 olive oil showed statistically significant reduction in pain as compared to breast milk and dexpanthenol t. At day 7 and day 14 olive oil show statistically significant better healing of cracked nipples as compared to Breast milk and Dexpanthenol. Practical implication Conclusion: Our study is proving that olive oil is better than Breast milk and Dexpanthenol in term of pain relief and healing of cracked nipples proving hypothesis: H2 Keywords: Cracked nipple, olive oil, Breast milk, Dexpanthenol.
乳头破裂是哺乳期母亲的一种疼痛症状，如果不及时治疗，会导致乳腺炎、乳房脓肿。目的:比较dexpanthenol、橄榄油和母乳治疗哺乳期母亲乳头破裂的疗效。我们采用视觉模拟量表(VAS)测量疼痛的严重程度(主要结局)，采用乳头创伤评分(NTS)评估治疗前和治疗后7天、14天乳头破裂的愈合情况(次要结局)。材料和方法:经机构审查委员会的伦理批准，我们于2022年3月至2022年8月底在拉希姆耶尔汗sheikh zayed医院进行了一项准实验研究。120例患者被平均分为三组，分别使用母乳、橄榄油和葡聚糖醇治疗乳头破裂。数据是在预先设计的performance上收集的。数据分析程序:我们使用SPSS统计软件包(statistical package for social sciences version) 28来测量百分比、均值和标准差。采用方差分析和非参数检验检验各组间的差异。结果:在第0天基线时，各组平均乳头疼痛评分和乳头创伤评分相同。在第7天，母乳和橄榄油比葡聚糖醇更能减轻疼痛。在第14天，橄榄油与母乳和dexpanthenol相比，在疼痛方面有统计学意义上的显著减少。在第7天和第14天，橄榄油与母乳和dexpanthenol相比，在破裂的乳头愈合方面有统计学意义上的显著改善。结论:本研究证明橄榄油在缓解乳头破裂疼痛和愈合方面优于母乳和葡聚糖醇，验证了假设:H2关键词:乳头破裂，橄榄油，母乳，葡聚糖醇。
{"title":"Efficacy of Dexpanthenol, Olive Oil and Breast Milkfor the Nipple Crack Treatment in Lactating Mothers","authors":"Noreen Kousar, Muhammad Tariq Ghaffor, Sadaf Shahzadi, Sohail Sabir, S. Naseem, S. Haider","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610314","url":null,"abstract":"Cracked nipple is a painful condition for lactating mothers and if untreated leads to lactational mastitis, breast abscesses Objectives: T o compare the efficacy of dexpanthenol, olive oil and breast milk for nipple cracks treatment in lactating mothers Outcome Measures: We measured the Severity of pain (the primary outcome) by using visual analogue scale (VAS) and healing of cracked nipple (Secondary outcome) was assess by Nipple trauma score (NTS) before treatment and after7days, 14 days of treatment Material And Methods: We conducted a quasi experimental study from march 2022 to end of august 2022 in sheikh zayed hospital, Rahim Yar Khan after ethical approval from institutional review board. The total numbers of 120patient were equally divided into three groups using Breast milk, Olive oil or Dexpanthenol respectively for their cracked nipples. The data was collected on predesigned Performa.Data Analysis Procedure: We measured the percentages ,means and standard deviations with the help of statistical package for social sciences version (SPSS) version 28. ANOVA test and Non-parametric test were also used to test the difference between study groups Results: At day0 baseline mean nipple pain score and nipple trauma score was same in all groups.At day 7 breast milk and olive oil show better reduction in pain as compared to Dexpanthenol.At day 14 olive oil showed statistically significant reduction in pain as compared to breast milk and dexpanthenol t. At day 7 and day 14 olive oil show statistically significant better healing of cracked nipples as compared to Breast milk and Dexpanthenol. Practical implication Conclusion: Our study is proving that olive oil is better than Breast milk and Dexpanthenol in term of pain relief and healing of cracked nipples proving hypothesis: H2 Keywords: Cracked nipple, olive oil, Breast milk, Dexpanthenol.","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121874302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afra Ishtiaque, Shahreen Mehmood Khan, S. Azhar, M. Mehmood, Saira Shahnawaz
Objective: To comparison of the efficacy of dapagliflozin+metformin versus sitagliptin+metformin: in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes Methodology: In this Randomized Control Trial, we enrolled a total of 180 cases; 90 cases newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbA1c>6.5) in two equal groups A&B on the basis of computer-generated randomization table. Group A was allotted to the cases 100mg q.d sitagliptin plus 850 mg in addition to 500mg metformin 2 times a day. Patients of Group B were advised for 10mg qd dapagliflozin+500mg metformin 2 times a day for six months. Patients were followed up on monthly basis for any inconvenience. The final follow-up was done on 6th month of treatment. All the patients with poor/non-compliance were excluded from the study. All cases with HbA1c <6.0 were considered as effectively treated patients. Results: Comparison of Efficacy in both groups shows 44(48.9%) in Group A and 31(34.4%) in Group B, the overall efficacy was 41.7%, p-value=0.0.35 showing a significant difference. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin+metformin is significantly higher than sitagliptin+metformin for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes Keywords: Newly type 2 diabetes, treatment, Dapagliflozin & Metformin Vs Sitagliptin & Metformin
目的:比较达格列净+二甲双胍与西格列汀+二甲双胍治疗新诊断的2型糖尿病的疗效。方法:在这项随机对照试验中，我们共纳入180例;根据计算机生成的随机化表，将90例新诊断为2型糖尿病(HbA1c>6.5)的患者分为a、b两组。A组患者每日服用西格列汀100mg，外加850 mg，二甲双胍500mg，每日2次。B组患者给予达格列净10mg / d +二甲双胍500mg / d，每日2次，连用6个月。每月对患者进行随访，以防出现不便。最后一次随访于治疗第6个月进行。所有不良/不依从性的患者均被排除在研究之外。所有HbA1c <6.0的病例均视为有效治疗患者。结果:两组疗效比较:A组44例(48.9%)，B组31例(34.4%)，总疗效41.7%，p值=0.0.35，差异有统计学意义。结论:达格列净+二甲双胍治疗新诊断2型糖尿病的疗效显著高于西格列汀+二甲双胍。关键词:新诊断2型糖尿病，治疗，达格列净+二甲双胍Vs西格列汀+二甲双胍
{"title":"A Comparison of the Efficacy of Dapagliflozin Metformin Versus Sitagliptin Metformin: in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Afra Ishtiaque, Shahreen Mehmood Khan, S. Azhar, M. Mehmood, Saira Shahnawaz","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610459","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To comparison of the efficacy of dapagliflozin+metformin versus sitagliptin+metformin: in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes Methodology: In this Randomized Control Trial, we enrolled a total of 180 cases; 90 cases newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbA1c>6.5) in two equal groups A&B on the basis of computer-generated randomization table. Group A was allotted to the cases 100mg q.d sitagliptin plus 850 mg in addition to 500mg metformin 2 times a day. Patients of Group B were advised for 10mg qd dapagliflozin+500mg metformin 2 times a day for six months. Patients were followed up on monthly basis for any inconvenience. The final follow-up was done on 6th month of treatment. All the patients with poor/non-compliance were excluded from the study. All cases with HbA1c <6.0 were considered as effectively treated patients. Results: Comparison of Efficacy in both groups shows 44(48.9%) in Group A and 31(34.4%) in Group B, the overall efficacy was 41.7%, p-value=0.0.35 showing a significant difference. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin+metformin is significantly higher than sitagliptin+metformin for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes Keywords: Newly type 2 diabetes, treatment, Dapagliflozin & Metformin Vs Sitagliptin & Metformin","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132975021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ubaid Ullah Sami, S. Rehman, A. Ghafoor, Zayed Naser, S. Ahmad, H. Din
Introduction: The COPD is a serious epidemic-level public health issue. Patients with COPD have been found to have low vitamin D serum levels in a number of studies. Aim: The goal of the study was to determine whether there was a relationship between vitamin D serum levels and the severity of COPD by comparing the levels in COPD patients at stages II, III, and IV to those in the control group. Study Design: A Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: In the Pulmonology department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar and District Headquarter Hospital, Timergara Dir-Lower KPK during the period from January 2022 to June 2022. Methods: The study included 140 participants in total, including 70 COPD patients and 70 controls for comparison. Patients were included from the outpatient department and medical wards. According to GOLD guidelines, advanced COPD staging II, III, and IV were done. In SPSS 21.0, inferential and descriptive statistics were accomplished. Results: COPD was found in 34.3%, 37.1%, and 28.6% of people in stages II, III, and IV, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between lower vitamin D levels and advanced COPD patients, with the mean vitamin D serum concentration in COPD patients being 16.01 ng/ml and the vitamin D mean concentration in healthy controls being 35.98 ng/ml. (p<0.0001). The severity of COPD was supposed to be inversely related with vitamin D serum levels. Conclusions: The vitamin D serum levels were found lesser in patients with advanced COPD (stages II, III, and IV) than in the general population correlated with GOLD staging. Keywords: Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung diseases; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Vitamin D levels
{"title":"Serum Vitamin D Level in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and its Relation with Severity","authors":"Ubaid Ullah Sami, S. Rehman, A. Ghafoor, Zayed Naser, S. Ahmad, H. Din","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs22169941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169941","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The COPD is a serious epidemic-level public health issue. Patients with COPD have been found to have low vitamin D serum levels in a number of studies. Aim: The goal of the study was to determine whether there was a relationship between vitamin D serum levels and the severity of COPD by comparing the levels in COPD patients at stages II, III, and IV to those in the control group. Study Design: A Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: In the Pulmonology department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar and District Headquarter Hospital, Timergara Dir-Lower KPK during the period from January 2022 to June 2022. Methods: The study included 140 participants in total, including 70 COPD patients and 70 controls for comparison. Patients were included from the outpatient department and medical wards. According to GOLD guidelines, advanced COPD staging II, III, and IV were done. In SPSS 21.0, inferential and descriptive statistics were accomplished. Results: COPD was found in 34.3%, 37.1%, and 28.6% of people in stages II, III, and IV, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between lower vitamin D levels and advanced COPD patients, with the mean vitamin D serum concentration in COPD patients being 16.01 ng/ml and the vitamin D mean concentration in healthy controls being 35.98 ng/ml. (p<0.0001). The severity of COPD was supposed to be inversely related with vitamin D serum levels. Conclusions: The vitamin D serum levels were found lesser in patients with advanced COPD (stages II, III, and IV) than in the general population correlated with GOLD staging. Keywords: Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung diseases; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Vitamin D levels","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115052701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Ali, Nasrullah Mengal, Z. Ali, J. Baloch, Summya Waseem
Objective: To assess the Morphological variations of sigmoid notch using orthopantomogram in adult patients Study design: Cross sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Orthodontics, Dental Section, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta, from June 2020 to December 2020. Material and methods: All the adult patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in this research project after screening according to selection criteria.200 candidates were included and underwent Orthopantomogram for evaluation of morphological variations of sigmoid notch. Reports were assessed and morphological variations were noted. Data was analyzed by using SPSS. ver.20. Results: The mean age of candidates was 25.5 ± 5 years. There were 129 (64.5%) male candidates and 71 (35.5%) were female candidates. The males to female ratio was 1.8:1. Out of 200 candidates, left side was involved in 100 (50%) candidates and right side was involved in 100 (50%) candidates. Out of 200 cases, wide sigmoid notch was observed in 115 (57.5%) candidates, sloping sigmoid notch was observed in 59 (29.5%) candidates and round sigmoid notch was observed in 26 (13.0%) candidates. Conclusion: In our study, we observed the most common sigmoid notch shape was observed to be wide type followed by sloping type. Keywords: Morphology, Variations, Sigmoid notch, Orthopantomogram, Orthodontics
{"title":"Morphological Variations of Sigmoid Notch Using Orthopantomogram among Patient Reporting at Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta","authors":"S. A. Ali, Nasrullah Mengal, Z. Ali, J. Baloch, Summya Waseem","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs22169943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169943","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the Morphological variations of sigmoid notch using orthopantomogram in adult patients Study design: Cross sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Orthodontics, Dental Section, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta, from June 2020 to December 2020. Material and methods: All the adult patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in this research project after screening according to selection criteria.200 candidates were included and underwent Orthopantomogram for evaluation of morphological variations of sigmoid notch. Reports were assessed and morphological variations were noted. Data was analyzed by using SPSS. ver.20. Results: The mean age of candidates was 25.5 ± 5 years. There were 129 (64.5%) male candidates and 71 (35.5%) were female candidates. The males to female ratio was 1.8:1. Out of 200 candidates, left side was involved in 100 (50%) candidates and right side was involved in 100 (50%) candidates. Out of 200 cases, wide sigmoid notch was observed in 115 (57.5%) candidates, sloping sigmoid notch was observed in 59 (29.5%) candidates and round sigmoid notch was observed in 26 (13.0%) candidates. Conclusion: In our study, we observed the most common sigmoid notch shape was observed to be wide type followed by sloping type. Keywords: Morphology, Variations, Sigmoid notch, Orthopantomogram, Orthodontics","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124913258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: We aimed to audit venous thromboembolism in surgical patients at risk of VTE presented to surgical department in 2021 using the caprini risk assessment model. Methodology: This clinical audit was conducted in surgical D unit department of Surgery, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from July 2021 to December 2021. A total of 150 patients each for the audit group and the re-audit group were selected through non-probability consecutive sampling for both genders. A predesigned proforma according to caprini risk assessment model was used to assess the patient’s individual risk for DVT and provision of appropriate prophylaxis. Data was entered into Microsoft excel, analyzed through SPSS version 23 and results were presented in the form of descriptive writing and tables. Results: The mean age of the study population was 50.47 with relatively equal selection from both genders. None of the patients in the audit group were properly grouped for their risk of DVT and management needed as mentioned in the caprini RAM guidelines. In the re-audit group, 100% of the patients were accurately categorized into groups and the VTE risk assessment percentage significantly improved from 0% to 80.8%. Conclusion: The audit showed noticeable deficiencies in record keeping and clinical assessment of VTE risk in the management of hospital patients. However, through appropriate measures this insufficiency can be amended with appreciable results.
目的:我们的目的是使用capriti风险评估模型对2021年到外科就诊的有静脉血栓栓塞风险的外科患者进行审计。方法:该临床审核于2021年7月至2021年12月在白沙瓦开伯尔教学医院外科D单元进行。采用非概率连续抽样的方法，选择审计组和再审计组各150例。采用预先设计的基于capriini风险评估模型的形式来评估患者发生DVT的个体风险并提供适当的预防措施。数据输入到Microsoft excel中，通过SPSS version 23进行分析，结果以描述性文字和表格的形式呈现。结果:研究人群的平均年龄为50.47岁，男女选择相对平等。审核组中没有患者按照capriti RAM指南中提到的DVT风险和需要的管理进行适当分组。重新审核组100%的患者准确分组，VTE风险评估率由0%显著提高至80.8%。结论:审计发现，医院病人管理中静脉血栓栓塞风险的记录保存和临床评估存在明显缺陷。然而，通过适当的措施，这种不足可以得到改善，并取得可观的结果。
{"title":"Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Screening: A Clinical Audit","authors":"A. Khan, Amarah Nisar, Jawad Mabood, H. Ullah","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs22169946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169946","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: We aimed to audit venous thromboembolism in surgical patients at risk of VTE presented to surgical department in 2021 using the caprini risk assessment model. Methodology: This clinical audit was conducted in surgical D unit department of Surgery, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from July 2021 to December 2021. A total of 150 patients each for the audit group and the re-audit group were selected through non-probability consecutive sampling for both genders. A predesigned proforma according to caprini risk assessment model was used to assess the patient’s individual risk for DVT and provision of appropriate prophylaxis. Data was entered into Microsoft excel, analyzed through SPSS version 23 and results were presented in the form of descriptive writing and tables. Results: The mean age of the study population was 50.47 with relatively equal selection from both genders. None of the patients in the audit group were properly grouped for their risk of DVT and management needed as mentioned in the caprini RAM guidelines. In the re-audit group, 100% of the patients were accurately categorized into groups and the VTE risk assessment percentage significantly improved from 0% to 80.8%. Conclusion: The audit showed noticeable deficiencies in record keeping and clinical assessment of VTE risk in the management of hospital patients. However, through appropriate measures this insufficiency can be amended with appreciable results.","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131210258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Mazhar, A. Khalid, Ghulam Muhammad, Nida Basharat, Memona Imtiaz, Ahad Mehmood, Aiman Ijaz
Introduction: Inflammation is an established mortality risk factor in chronic kidney disease patients and particularly in patients on dialysis. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the role of procalcitonin in chronic kidney diseases patients undergoing renal therapy. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi during November 2021 to June 2022. The data was collected with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. Baseline characteristics of patients were collected, including age, gender, BMI, history of diseases and time of dialysis. Results: The data was collected from 200 patients. There were 88 (44.0%) male and 112 (57.0%) female patients. The mean age for male was 45.9 ± 11.7 years and for female 49.8 ± 14.1 years. The PCT level in CKD patients (0.45 ± 0.70 ng/mL) was significantly higher as compared to reference value of healthy control subjects. Significance increase in the value of BUN, Na, K, CRP and BUN is also observed in CKD patients. Practical implication: PCT must be measured in CKD patients especially for dialysis patients. Conclusion: It is concluded that PCT levels were significantly high in CKD patients, thus PCT is a valuable marker for early diagnosis of CKD or patients undergoing HD. Keywords: CKD, PCT, CRP, Inflammation, Dialysis, Diagnosis
{"title":"Elevated Serum Procalcitonin Levels in Chronic Kidney Diseases Patients Undergoing Renal Therapy","authors":"F. Mazhar, A. Khalid, Ghulam Muhammad, Nida Basharat, Memona Imtiaz, Ahad Mehmood, Aiman Ijaz","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs22169937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169937","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Inflammation is an established mortality risk factor in chronic kidney disease patients and particularly in patients on dialysis. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the role of procalcitonin in chronic kidney diseases patients undergoing renal therapy. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi during November 2021 to June 2022. The data was collected with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. Baseline characteristics of patients were collected, including age, gender, BMI, history of diseases and time of dialysis. Results: The data was collected from 200 patients. There were 88 (44.0%) male and 112 (57.0%) female patients. The mean age for male was 45.9 ± 11.7 years and for female 49.8 ± 14.1 years. The PCT level in CKD patients (0.45 ± 0.70 ng/mL) was significantly higher as compared to reference value of healthy control subjects. Significance increase in the value of BUN, Na, K, CRP and BUN is also observed in CKD patients. Practical implication: PCT must be measured in CKD patients especially for dialysis patients. Conclusion: It is concluded that PCT levels were significantly high in CKD patients, thus PCT is a valuable marker for early diagnosis of CKD or patients undergoing HD. Keywords: CKD, PCT, CRP, Inflammation, Dialysis, Diagnosis","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"296 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123746659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Y. Khan, S. Maroof, Fayaz Iqbal, Wardah Saleem, M. Shoaib, K. .
Aim and Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of laparoscopic appendectomy for children performed as emergency or emergency surgery at MTI/LRH in Peshawar, Pakistan. Material & Methods: From January 2020 to December 2022, the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Teaching Institute, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar studied acute appendicitis in children. This study comprised children with clinically confirmed acute appendicitis as indicated by blood complete, HBs Ag, HCV, ultrasound, and primary assessment. The pediatric surgical unit maintained direct resuscitation of patients' NPO for at least 6 hours, began antibiotics, and performed laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia. This strategy avoids additional treatment, saves time and money, reduces hospital-acquired infections and other hospital dangers, and allows for excellent local infection control without pus spreading throughout the peritoneal cavity. Laparoscopic surgery makes cholecystectomy a few-day procedure instead of a week. Laparoscopic appendectomy reduces hospital stays for children. Thus, we examined our data to determine whether children may have an emergency or same-day laparoscopic appendectomy (24-hour postoperative stay). We reviewed all three-year-olds who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy for suspected appendicitis. Results: Acute appendicitis afflicted 79 children, 4/1 male-to-female. 79 2- to 16-year-olds underwent laparoscopic appendectomy surgeries. 5% of children after laparoscopic appendectomy developed perforated appendicitis and needed an open appendectomy. Forty-one (64.5%) had severe appendicitis before surgery. 22 (27.2%) had perforated appendicitis, (5%) had ovarian cyst rupture, and 2.5% had no pathology. Surgery averaged 54 minutes. 14 of 79 primary wound closure patients had their right lower quadrant peritoneal cavity emptied. All 79 patients underwent successful appendectomy operations. Wound infection (6 patients) and stomach pain (4 patients) were the most prevalent sequelae managed conservatively. Four patients required readmission and laparotomy due to intestinal obstruction and other issues. Thirty-two children were released within 24 hours after laparoscopic appendectomy. The control group had no significant morbidity (drug rash,1: fever, 3). Practical implication: This study will provide the data on the effectiveness of the laparoscopic appendectomy for the treatment of Appendicitis. Conclusion: Our study shows that the current laparoscopic appendectomy method for treating adorable appendicitis in children is safe and may be performed as a fast-track or same-day operation with a postoperative stay of fewer than 24 hours in some children who do not have perforated appendicitis. Keywords: Laparoscopic appendectomy, Pediatric Laparoscopy, fast-track same-day surgery
{"title":"Our Experience with Laparoscopic Appendectomy at the Department of Pediatric Surgery LRH Peshawar","authors":"M. Y. Khan, S. Maroof, Fayaz Iqbal, Wardah Saleem, M. Shoaib, K. .","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs22169971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169971","url":null,"abstract":"Aim and Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of laparoscopic appendectomy for children performed as emergency or emergency surgery at MTI/LRH in Peshawar, Pakistan. Material & Methods: From January 2020 to December 2022, the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Teaching Institute, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar studied acute appendicitis in children. This study comprised children with clinically confirmed acute appendicitis as indicated by blood complete, HBs Ag, HCV, ultrasound, and primary assessment. The pediatric surgical unit maintained direct resuscitation of patients' NPO for at least 6 hours, began antibiotics, and performed laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia. This strategy avoids additional treatment, saves time and money, reduces hospital-acquired infections and other hospital dangers, and allows for excellent local infection control without pus spreading throughout the peritoneal cavity. Laparoscopic surgery makes cholecystectomy a few-day procedure instead of a week. Laparoscopic appendectomy reduces hospital stays for children. Thus, we examined our data to determine whether children may have an emergency or same-day laparoscopic appendectomy (24-hour postoperative stay). We reviewed all three-year-olds who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy for suspected appendicitis. Results: Acute appendicitis afflicted 79 children, 4/1 male-to-female. 79 2- to 16-year-olds underwent laparoscopic appendectomy surgeries. 5% of children after laparoscopic appendectomy developed perforated appendicitis and needed an open appendectomy. Forty-one (64.5%) had severe appendicitis before surgery. 22 (27.2%) had perforated appendicitis, (5%) had ovarian cyst rupture, and 2.5% had no pathology. Surgery averaged 54 minutes. 14 of 79 primary wound closure patients had their right lower quadrant peritoneal cavity emptied. All 79 patients underwent successful appendectomy operations. Wound infection (6 patients) and stomach pain (4 patients) were the most prevalent sequelae managed conservatively. Four patients required readmission and laparotomy due to intestinal obstruction and other issues. Thirty-two children were released within 24 hours after laparoscopic appendectomy. The control group had no significant morbidity (drug rash,1: fever, 3). Practical implication: This study will provide the data on the effectiveness of the laparoscopic appendectomy for the treatment of Appendicitis. Conclusion: Our study shows that the current laparoscopic appendectomy method for treating adorable appendicitis in children is safe and may be performed as a fast-track or same-day operation with a postoperative stay of fewer than 24 hours in some children who do not have perforated appendicitis. Keywords: Laparoscopic appendectomy, Pediatric Laparoscopy, fast-track same-day surgery","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114582114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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