Objective: Estimate to the prevalence of hemorrhoids Signs and Symptoms among pregnancies in maternity teaching hospitals in Mosul city. Material: Descriptive study was conducted in maternity teaching hospital 20to30 September 2022 . A purposive sample that consists of (64) patients , chosen according to the criteria . Their age ranges between (15-44) years. A questionnaire was developed for purposive of study & included 3 parts is consist of part one demographic data and part three is composed of (7) items . The overall questions included (28) items. Results: The age groups is between(20-24) years and constituted Prevalence (29.7%), In addition the age groups is between (25-29) years and constituted (29.7%) Most of samples were females constitute of Prevalence (60%) of the total samples. In regard with residence city Prevalence (76.6%) .In regard with levels of education elementary Prevalence (20.3%) .In regard with occupation housewife Prevalence (65.6%) high percentage. Conclusion: This study concluded that the Age, Residence, occupation a variables are the most socio- demographic variables that were associated prevalence of hemorrhoids Signs and Symptoms among pregnancies and the level of education variable.High percent from total sample were in residence city it constitute of Prevalence (76,6%). With regard to the occupation housewife were living urban areas and constitutes Prevalence (65,6%) and there are many high associations among some variables prevalence of hemorrhoids Signs and Symptoms among pregnancies and the age significant. Keywords: Prevalence, Hemorrhoids, Pregnancies.
{"title":"Incidence of Metallo Beta-Lactamase Producing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Diabetes and Cancer Patients","authors":"Henna Khalid, M. Riaz, Sara Najeeb, N. Kiran","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610356","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Estimate to the prevalence of hemorrhoids Signs and Symptoms among pregnancies in maternity teaching hospitals in Mosul city. Material: Descriptive study was conducted in maternity teaching hospital 20to30 September 2022 . A purposive sample that consists of (64) patients , chosen according to the criteria . Their age ranges between (15-44) years. A questionnaire was developed for purposive of study & included 3 parts is consist of part one demographic data and part three is composed of (7) items . The overall questions included (28) items. Results: The age groups is between(20-24) years and constituted Prevalence (29.7%), In addition the age groups is between (25-29) years and constituted (29.7%) Most of samples were females constitute of Prevalence (60%) of the total samples. In regard with residence city Prevalence (76.6%) .In regard with levels of education elementary Prevalence (20.3%) .In regard with occupation housewife Prevalence (65.6%) high percentage. Conclusion: This study concluded that the Age, Residence, occupation a variables are the most socio- demographic variables that were associated prevalence of hemorrhoids Signs and Symptoms among pregnancies and the level of education variable.High percent from total sample were in residence city it constitute of Prevalence (76,6%). With regard to the occupation housewife were living urban areas and constitutes Prevalence (65,6%) and there are many high associations among some variables prevalence of hemorrhoids Signs and Symptoms among pregnancies and the age significant. Keywords: Prevalence, Hemorrhoids, Pregnancies.","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131496905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Rehman, S. Zeb, Sidra Noureen, Sofia Razzaq Meo, Ahsan Naeem, Fahim Ullah, Syed Sohail Ahmed, A. Rehman, S. Jalal, T. Muhammad, Hilal Ahmad, Adnan Hussain Tanoli, Jawad Ullah, Imranullah Rahimi, Nasirullah Adil
About 250 positive patients were included in the study for diagnosis, of whom 146 were Male and 104 were Female. The M±SD of severity level in DF and DHF patients was 120.5±53.3, Variance=2841.18, Cl95% 1.960, and P=value was calculated as 0.001. The Comparative Analysis of DF and DHF symptoms between group SS (576), df (1), MS (576), F (0.52978) and p=value was calculated p=.478. Whereas within groups SS (15221.5), df (14), MS (1087.25), F (0.52978) and p=value was calculated as p=.478. The M±SD of severity level in DF and DSS patients was 118.4±59.5, Variance=3551.96, Cl95% 1.960, and P=value was calculated as 0.001. The M±SD of dengue serological markers such as 20±9.26, Variance=85.824, and Cl95% 1.960. The M±SD of Na+ in DF 132.4±3.8, DHF 129.5±2.5, DSS 119.5±2.5. K+ in DF 3.38±0.32, DHF 2.97±1.01, DSS 2.4±0.93. Ca+ in DF 8.81±0.53, DHF 7.82±1.2, DSS 6.36±0.57. Mg+ in DF 1.39±0.71, DHF 1.39±0.41, DSS 1.62±0.31. Po4 in DF 3.47±0.53, DHF 2.21±0.62, and DSS 2.34±0.31. It was concluded that dengue shock syndrome patients were found highly affected by serum electrolytes, so we need to focus on the replacement and treatment of serum electrolytes. Keywords: Dengue virus, Civil Hospital, Serological Markers, Abnormal Serum Electrolytes, Clinical manifestation
{"title":"Abnormalities in Serum Electrolytes in DF, DHF and DSS as Prognostic Indicators for Dengue Severity: A Comparative Model","authors":"W. Rehman, S. Zeb, Sidra Noureen, Sofia Razzaq Meo, Ahsan Naeem, Fahim Ullah, Syed Sohail Ahmed, A. Rehman, S. Jalal, T. Muhammad, Hilal Ahmad, Adnan Hussain Tanoli, Jawad Ullah, Imranullah Rahimi, Nasirullah Adil","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610386","url":null,"abstract":"About 250 positive patients were included in the study for diagnosis, of whom 146 were Male and 104 were Female. The M±SD of severity level in DF and DHF patients was 120.5±53.3, Variance=2841.18, Cl95% 1.960, and P=value was calculated as 0.001. The Comparative Analysis of DF and DHF symptoms between group SS (576), df (1), MS (576), F (0.52978) and p=value was calculated p=.478. Whereas within groups SS (15221.5), df (14), MS (1087.25), F (0.52978) and p=value was calculated as p=.478. The M±SD of severity level in DF and DSS patients was 118.4±59.5, Variance=3551.96, Cl95% 1.960, and P=value was calculated as 0.001. The M±SD of dengue serological markers such as 20±9.26, Variance=85.824, and Cl95% 1.960. The M±SD of Na+ in DF 132.4±3.8, DHF 129.5±2.5, DSS 119.5±2.5. K+ in DF 3.38±0.32, DHF 2.97±1.01, DSS 2.4±0.93. Ca+ in DF 8.81±0.53, DHF 7.82±1.2, DSS 6.36±0.57. Mg+ in DF 1.39±0.71, DHF 1.39±0.41, DSS 1.62±0.31. Po4 in DF 3.47±0.53, DHF 2.21±0.62, and DSS 2.34±0.31. It was concluded that dengue shock syndrome patients were found highly affected by serum electrolytes, so we need to focus on the replacement and treatment of serum electrolytes. Keywords: Dengue virus, Civil Hospital, Serological Markers, Abnormal Serum Electrolytes, Clinical manifestation","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"51 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134518283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghulam Kibriya, A. Abbas, Hina Aftab, M. Akram, Yahya Saeed, Omar Iqbal, A. Iqbal
Objective: To find out association of metabolic syndrome with early outcomes e.g.(post operative infection, acute kidney injury, and MI) after CABG. Study Design: This was a comparative study. Place and Duration: This study was performed from the first of July 2020 to the first of January 2021 at the Cardiac Surgery Department, PIC, Jail Road, Lahore Methodology: This comparative study performed from the first of July 2020 to the first of January 2021 at the Cardiac Surgery Department, PIC, Jail Road, Lahore. The approach of non-probability sampling was applied. After obtaining consent on a consent form, 172 Patients (86 in the exposed group and 86 in the non-exposed group) were included. Results: The average age of the participants in this study was 55.30 ± 8.77 years; there were 130 cases (75.6%) of men and 42 cases (24.4%) of women. There were 56 (65.12%) men and 30 (34.88%) women in the exposed group, compared to 74 (86.05%) men and 12 (13.95%) women in the non-exposed group. Post-operative MI was statistically insignificant in both groups, p-value >0.05, renal failure and postoperative infection were statistically significant. Conclusion: Because many MetS syndrome factors are under our control, it is important to prevent it early especially in cases of CABG, to get better outcomes. Although we noted that renal failure and postoperative infection were statistically high in exposed groups, with a p-value of 0.05, and MI was statistically similar in both groups, with a p-value of >0.05, the outcomes of the current study were quite different and unexpected. Further studies are suggested to be done on a larger scale. Keywords: CABG, Lipid Profile, Diabetes, Obesity, Mortality
{"title":"Association of Post-Operative Infection and MI with Metabolic Syndrome after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft","authors":"Ghulam Kibriya, A. Abbas, Hina Aftab, M. Akram, Yahya Saeed, Omar Iqbal, A. Iqbal","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610224","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To find out association of metabolic syndrome with early outcomes e.g.(post operative infection, acute kidney injury, and MI) after CABG. Study Design: This was a comparative study. Place and Duration: This study was performed from the first of July 2020 to the first of January 2021 at the Cardiac Surgery Department, PIC, Jail Road, Lahore Methodology: This comparative study performed from the first of July 2020 to the first of January 2021 at the Cardiac Surgery Department, PIC, Jail Road, Lahore. The approach of non-probability sampling was applied. After obtaining consent on a consent form, 172 Patients (86 in the exposed group and 86 in the non-exposed group) were included. Results: The average age of the participants in this study was 55.30 ± 8.77 years; there were 130 cases (75.6%) of men and 42 cases (24.4%) of women. There were 56 (65.12%) men and 30 (34.88%) women in the exposed group, compared to 74 (86.05%) men and 12 (13.95%) women in the non-exposed group. Post-operative MI was statistically insignificant in both groups, p-value >0.05, renal failure and postoperative infection were statistically significant. Conclusion: Because many MetS syndrome factors are under our control, it is important to prevent it early especially in cases of CABG, to get better outcomes. Although we noted that renal failure and postoperative infection were statistically high in exposed groups, with a p-value of 0.05, and MI was statistically similar in both groups, with a p-value of >0.05, the outcomes of the current study were quite different and unexpected. Further studies are suggested to be done on a larger scale. Keywords: CABG, Lipid Profile, Diabetes, Obesity, Mortality","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123837294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To find out the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in chronically ill patients admitted in tertiary care hospital JPMC(Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre) Karachi. Study design & place: This cross-sectional study was conducted at JPMC during the June, 2021 to April, 2022. Materials & Methods: A total of 500 patient age ≥18 years having highly suspicious history & symptoms of HIV/AIDS, admitted in Medical & pulmonology department were included in this study. A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain background characteristics, clinical symptoms; history of high risk behaviors and I/V drug use of all participants was collected. Confidentiality was assured of all participants given unique identification number. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 (SPSS 21). Results: A total of 500 patients comprised of 373 (74.6%) male and 127 (25.4%) female, male to female ratio was 2.93:1. The mean age was 33.5 ± 12.78 years (18 to 83 years). We observed that most of patients belong with history of blood transfusion, 160 (32%) followed by I/V drug user 130 (26%) and sexual contact 96 (19.2%) cases. Out of 500 study participants, 29(5.8%) subjects were HIV/AIDS positive. The results of this study will provide information and awareness about the transmission of HIV in community. The study revealed that the blood transfusion is a significant risk factor in transmission of HIV. The findings of current study will help doctors for postoperative pain treatment following major abdominal surgery. Acute pain management in hospitals faces some significant obstacles, according to a recent review on postoperative pain management procedures in tertiary care facilities center. Conclusion: Most of the chronically ill patients admitted were men who had been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. Blood transfusion history, intravenous drug use, and multiple sex partners were important risk factors. There is a need to create awareness among the general public about the risk factors for HIV/AIDS to decelerate the spread of this deadly disease. Keywords: AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Chronic diseases, HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Injecting drug user, Multiple sex partners, JPMC Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre
目的:了解卡拉奇三级医院(真纳研究生医学中心)慢性病患者HIV/AIDS的流行情况。研究设计和地点:本横断面研究于2021年6月至2022年4月在JPMC进行。材料与方法:本研究纳入内科及肺科收治的500例年龄≥18岁、有高度可疑HIV/AIDS病史和症状的患者。采用结构良好的调查问卷获取背景特征、临床症状;收集所有参与者的高危行为史和I/V药物使用情况。所有参与者都有唯一的身份证号，保证保密。数据分析采用Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 (SPSS 21)。结果:500例患者中，男性373例(74.6%)，女性127例(25.4%)，男女比例为2.93:1。平均年龄33.5±12.78岁(18 ~ 83岁)。有输血史的患者最多，160例(32%)，其次是I/V吸毒者130例(26%)和性接触96例(19.2%)。在500名研究参与者中，29名(5.8%)受试者是艾滋病毒/艾滋病阳性。本研究的结果将提供有关艾滋病毒在社区传播的信息和认识。研究表明，输血是艾滋病毒传播的一个重要危险因素。本研究结果将有助于医生对腹部大手术后疼痛的治疗。急性疼痛管理在医院面临一些重大障碍，根据最近的审查，在三级护理设施中心术后疼痛管理程序。结论:住院的慢性病人多为已确诊的男性。输血史、静脉用药、多个性伴侣是重要的危险因素。有必要提高公众对艾滋病毒/艾滋病危险因素的认识，以减缓这一致命疾病的蔓延。关键词:艾滋病获得性免疫缺陷综合征慢性病，HIV人类免疫缺陷病毒，注射吸毒者，多个性伴侣，JPMC真纳研究生医学中心
{"title":"Prevalent Estimates of HIV/AIDS in Chronically Ill patients admitted in JPMC Karachi Pakistan","authors":"M. Anwar, N. Rahat, H. Shahzad, Amtul Qudos","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610244","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To find out the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in chronically ill patients admitted in tertiary care hospital JPMC(Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre) Karachi. Study design & place: This cross-sectional study was conducted at JPMC during the June, 2021 to April, 2022. Materials & Methods: A total of 500 patient age ≥18 years having highly suspicious history & symptoms of HIV/AIDS, admitted in Medical & pulmonology department were included in this study. A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain background characteristics, clinical symptoms; history of high risk behaviors and I/V drug use of all participants was collected. Confidentiality was assured of all participants given unique identification number. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 (SPSS 21). Results: A total of 500 patients comprised of 373 (74.6%) male and 127 (25.4%) female, male to female ratio was 2.93:1. The mean age was 33.5 ± 12.78 years (18 to 83 years). We observed that most of patients belong with history of blood transfusion, 160 (32%) followed by I/V drug user 130 (26%) and sexual contact 96 (19.2%) cases. Out of 500 study participants, 29(5.8%) subjects were HIV/AIDS positive. The results of this study will provide information and awareness about the transmission of HIV in community. The study revealed that the blood transfusion is a significant risk factor in transmission of HIV. The findings of current study will help doctors for postoperative pain treatment following major abdominal surgery. Acute pain management in hospitals faces some significant obstacles, according to a recent review on postoperative pain management procedures in tertiary care facilities center. Conclusion: Most of the chronically ill patients admitted were men who had been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. Blood transfusion history, intravenous drug use, and multiple sex partners were important risk factors. There is a need to create awareness among the general public about the risk factors for HIV/AIDS to decelerate the spread of this deadly disease. Keywords: AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Chronic diseases, HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Injecting drug user, Multiple sex partners, JPMC Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131113017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ajwad Farogh, Ahmad Q. Hasan, F. Naz, Jacollin George, Shagufta Emmanuel, Ayyazda Farhana
Objective: The main objective of current study was to explore the frequency of Low Cardiac Output Syndrome (LCOS) in patients underwent on-pump CABG. Study design and place: The study was carried out in Cardiac Care Center, Bahawalpur From March 15, 2019, to October 31, 2020, Materials and Methods: This prospective, descriptive study was conducted in the Cardiac Surgery, Cardiac Center Bahawalpur, Punjab. Total 250 patients were enrolled in this prospective, comparative study and divided into two groups. Group A (LVEF ≥40% ) and Group B LVEF <40%) the frequency of LCOS postoperatively was compared. the study was conducted. This study employed the non-probability, purposive sampling method. SPSS 22 was used to analyze data. Significant data was used as P-value 0.05. Results: The average age of the participants was 50 ± 4.67 in Group A as compare with Group B (53.44 ± 3.24) years with p-value 0.034. Total 144(57.6%) Male and 106(42.4%) were female patients. The frequency of LCOS was 19(15.2%) versus 25(20%) (P=0.021). Findings showed that the significant difference in outcomes in terms of Renal Dysfunction, Prior CVA, Stroke, ICU stay(days), Recent MI and mortality between the groups without LCOS and with LCOS. The findings of current study can be helpful for management in patients with low Ejection Fraction undergoing CABG which has been shown a higher perioperative risk and a better survival after myocardial revascularization. In this setting the long-term benefits clearly overcome an increased peri-operative mortality Conclusion: Those with pre-operative LVEF less than 40% had a significantly different frequency of LCOS than patients with LVEF greater than 40%. In comparison to patients without LCOS, individuals with LCOS had considerably worse outcomes in terms of stroke, respiratory failure, renal failure, ICU stay, hospital stay, and death. Keywords: CABG, LCOS, LVEF, CVA, MI, ICU
{"title":"Association of Low Cardiac Output Syndrome with in Hospital Outcomes after on Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery","authors":"Ajwad Farogh, Ahmad Q. Hasan, F. Naz, Jacollin George, Shagufta Emmanuel, Ayyazda Farhana","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610221","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The main objective of current study was to explore the frequency of Low Cardiac Output Syndrome (LCOS) in patients underwent on-pump CABG. Study design and place: The study was carried out in Cardiac Care Center, Bahawalpur From March 15, 2019, to October 31, 2020, Materials and Methods: This prospective, descriptive study was conducted in the Cardiac Surgery, Cardiac Center Bahawalpur, Punjab. Total 250 patients were enrolled in this prospective, comparative study and divided into two groups. Group A (LVEF ≥40% ) and Group B LVEF <40%) the frequency of LCOS postoperatively was compared. the study was conducted. This study employed the non-probability, purposive sampling method. SPSS 22 was used to analyze data. Significant data was used as P-value 0.05. Results: The average age of the participants was 50 ± 4.67 in Group A as compare with Group B (53.44 ± 3.24) years with p-value 0.034. Total 144(57.6%) Male and 106(42.4%) were female patients. The frequency of LCOS was 19(15.2%) versus 25(20%) (P=0.021). Findings showed that the significant difference in outcomes in terms of Renal Dysfunction, Prior CVA, Stroke, ICU stay(days), Recent MI and mortality between the groups without LCOS and with LCOS. The findings of current study can be helpful for management in patients with low Ejection Fraction undergoing CABG which has been shown a higher perioperative risk and a better survival after myocardial revascularization. In this setting the long-term benefits clearly overcome an increased peri-operative mortality Conclusion: Those with pre-operative LVEF less than 40% had a significantly different frequency of LCOS than patients with LVEF greater than 40%. In comparison to patients without LCOS, individuals with LCOS had considerably worse outcomes in terms of stroke, respiratory failure, renal failure, ICU stay, hospital stay, and death. Keywords: CABG, LCOS, LVEF, CVA, MI, ICU","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133914698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sadia Sundus, K. Fatima, Talat Samreen, Asma Aijaz, E. Khan, K. Anwar
Objective: To assess the changes in Body Weight, Absolute and Relative weight of Liver in methotrexate impaired liver with amendment by sulforaphane. Design of research: Experimental. Abode and Period of study: Research was conducted in BMSI, Karachi &duration was ten days. Materials and Methods: For experiment Forty young albino rats of 3-4months old of 200-300gm were taken, Primarily period of study was 20 days however during the pilot study, rats started dying after 10 days, so the duration was reduced to 10 days for final study. Rats were alienated into 4 sets, A was control group, B set was given Inj Methotrexate intraperitoneally. C set was given Inj Methotrexate intraperitoneally along with sulforaphane by N/G tube. D set was given only sulforaphane by N/G tube. After the completion of study, rats were dissected and liver was removed from abdominal cavity of rats and absolute weight of liver was weighed on Sartorius balance. The relative weight of the liver was calculated with the help of formula. Mean weight of liver (G) The relative weight of liver = X100 Final weight of the animal Results: B group showed remarkable decrease in the body weight while absolute liver weight & relative liver weight is increased however group C had slight reduction in the body weight while absolute liver weight & relative liver weight is slightly increased. Conclusion: This study accomplishes that sulforaphane amended the detrimental effects of methotrexate. Keywords: sulforaphane, methotrexate, superoxide dismutase (SOD), dihydrofolate reductase enzyme (DHFR), nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2(Nrf2), Tetrahydrofolate (THF)
{"title":"Pathological Impact of Methotrexate on Body Weight, Absolute and Relative Weight of Liver with Amelioration by Sulforaphane in Albino Rats","authors":"Sadia Sundus, K. Fatima, Talat Samreen, Asma Aijaz, E. Khan, K. Anwar","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610279","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the changes in Body Weight, Absolute and Relative weight of Liver in methotrexate impaired liver with amendment by sulforaphane. Design of research: Experimental. Abode and Period of study: Research was conducted in BMSI, Karachi &duration was ten days. Materials and Methods: For experiment Forty young albino rats of 3-4months old of 200-300gm were taken, Primarily period of study was 20 days however during the pilot study, rats started dying after 10 days, so the duration was reduced to 10 days for final study. Rats were alienated into 4 sets, A was control group, B set was given Inj Methotrexate intraperitoneally. C set was given Inj Methotrexate intraperitoneally along with sulforaphane by N/G tube. D set was given only sulforaphane by N/G tube. After the completion of study, rats were dissected and liver was removed from abdominal cavity of rats and absolute weight of liver was weighed on Sartorius balance. The relative weight of the liver was calculated with the help of formula. Mean weight of liver (G) The relative weight of liver = X100 Final weight of the animal Results: B group showed remarkable decrease in the body weight while absolute liver weight & relative liver weight is increased however group C had slight reduction in the body weight while absolute liver weight & relative liver weight is slightly increased. Conclusion: This study accomplishes that sulforaphane amended the detrimental effects of methotrexate. Keywords: sulforaphane, methotrexate, superoxide dismutase (SOD), dihydrofolate reductase enzyme (DHFR), nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2(Nrf2), Tetrahydrofolate (THF)","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132670710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Ramzan, Danish Afzal, A. Butt, M. Hassaan, M. Sarwar, S. Naqi
Introduction: Gallstone disease, a condition caused by the development of stones in gall bladder, usually presents with pain in upper abdomen, is one of the most common diseases of digestive system. It can be treated by the surgical removal of gall bladder, either through open cholecystectomy or by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (key hole surgery); the latter allows patients to be discharged from hospital on the day of their surgery, a concept known as day case surgery. Material and Methods: It was a descriptive case series in which 100 patients were selected through non probability, consecutive sampling. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Patients were assessed by anesthetist and consultant surgeon before undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. After surgery, patients were encouraged intake of liquids and were discharged from the hospital as soon as they fulfilled the discharge criteria. Unplanned overnight admissions determined the outcome of this study. Results: 86% patients were discharged on the same day of surgery and 14% patients had an overnight stay after surgery. There were no readmissions but 3% of the patients presented for an unexpected consultation. Post stratification values of overnight admissions with age and BMI were found to be statistically significant while those for gender and duration of symptoms were found to be statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Patient selection is an important factor that affects the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which is mostly an effective procedure. This study will help in the adoption of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a day case procedure which is an effective way of reducing burden on health care resources. Keywords: Cholecystectomy, day case laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DCLC), laparoscopic surgery (LC).
{"title":"Outcome of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy as a Day Case Procedure","authors":"R. Ramzan, Danish Afzal, A. Butt, M. Hassaan, M. Sarwar, S. Naqi","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610262","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Gallstone disease, a condition caused by the development of stones in gall bladder, usually presents with pain in upper abdomen, is one of the most common diseases of digestive system. It can be treated by the surgical removal of gall bladder, either through open cholecystectomy or by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (key hole surgery); the latter allows patients to be discharged from hospital on the day of their surgery, a concept known as day case surgery. Material and Methods: It was a descriptive case series in which 100 patients were selected through non probability, consecutive sampling. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Patients were assessed by anesthetist and consultant surgeon before undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. After surgery, patients were encouraged intake of liquids and were discharged from the hospital as soon as they fulfilled the discharge criteria. Unplanned overnight admissions determined the outcome of this study. Results: 86% patients were discharged on the same day of surgery and 14% patients had an overnight stay after surgery. There were no readmissions but 3% of the patients presented for an unexpected consultation. Post stratification values of overnight admissions with age and BMI were found to be statistically significant while those for gender and duration of symptoms were found to be statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Patient selection is an important factor that affects the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which is mostly an effective procedure. This study will help in the adoption of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a day case procedure which is an effective way of reducing burden on health care resources. Keywords: Cholecystectomy, day case laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DCLC), laparoscopic surgery (LC).","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132729518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Siddique, A. Omer, Najamus Sehar, R. Arshad, Khadeeja Muneeha, Q. Zaman
Background: COVID-19 is a highly contagious viral infection resulting in severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-COV-2). The objective of this study is to determine the risk factors affecting the outcome of moderate to severe COVID 19 patients admitted in HDU of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: COVID HDU of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from 1st June 2020 to 30th November 2020. Methodology: One hundred and eight patients with positive PCR for COVID having moderate to severe COVID disease were enrolled. After written consent, all the demographic and clinical information was obtained. All the patients were followed till their discharge or death. Results: Sixty eight were discharged, 26 were died and14 got left against medical advice. The median age of all patients was53.6 years and the median age of patients who died was significantly older than those who survived. Conclusion: The potential risk factors for high mortality were older age, female sex, those presented with within 1 week from onset of symptoms that need ventilation at admission and comorbidities like Diabetes, Hypertension, and ischemic heart disease. This study could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Keywords: Covid-19, Outcome, HDU admission criteria
背景:COVID-19是一种高传染性病毒感染，导致严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-COV-2)。本研究的目的是确定影响拉合尔Sir Ganga Ram医院HDU住院的中重度COVID - 19患者预后的危险因素。研究设计:前瞻性队列研究。研究地点和时间:2020年6月1日至2020年11月30日，拉合尔恒河公羊爵士医院的COVID - HDU。方法:纳入108例PCR阳性的中重度COVID患者。经书面同意后，获得所有的人口学和临床信息。所有患者均随访至出院或死亡。结果:出院68例，死亡26例，遵医嘱出院14例。所有患者的中位年龄为53.6岁，死亡患者的中位年龄明显大于存活患者。结论:高死亡率的潜在危险因素为年龄较大、女性、入院时出现症状1周内需要通气以及糖尿病、高血压、缺血性心脏病等合并症。本研究可以帮助临床医生早期识别预后不良的患者。关键词:Covid-19，结局，HDU入院标准
{"title":"Risk Factors Affecting Outcome in COVID 19 Patients Admitted in High Dependency Unit, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore","authors":"S. Siddique, A. Omer, Najamus Sehar, R. Arshad, Khadeeja Muneeha, Q. Zaman","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610351","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 is a highly contagious viral infection resulting in severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-COV-2). The objective of this study is to determine the risk factors affecting the outcome of moderate to severe COVID 19 patients admitted in HDU of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: COVID HDU of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from 1st June 2020 to 30th November 2020. Methodology: One hundred and eight patients with positive PCR for COVID having moderate to severe COVID disease were enrolled. After written consent, all the demographic and clinical information was obtained. All the patients were followed till their discharge or death. Results: Sixty eight were discharged, 26 were died and14 got left against medical advice. The median age of all patients was53.6 years and the median age of patients who died was significantly older than those who survived. Conclusion: The potential risk factors for high mortality were older age, female sex, those presented with within 1 week from onset of symptoms that need ventilation at admission and comorbidities like Diabetes, Hypertension, and ischemic heart disease. This study could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Keywords: Covid-19, Outcome, HDU admission criteria","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115443079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Khalid, Zeenat Zafar, N. Ahmad, S. Azam, Irish Atiq, Ahmad Ali
Aim: ZnONPs have been identified from a variety of perspectives, including organic chemistry and toxicology, and under these circumstances, they were deemed to be among the most lethal nanoparticles. The aim of present study to access the effect of low dose (Zinc Telluride) on hematology of Male Albino Mice. Method: Experiment was conducted for fifteen days and oral suspension of ZnTe (Zinc Telluride) was applied orally in the suspension form to male albino mice (Mus musculus). Two groups were devised as Treated and Control. Each group consisting of three treatment organisms. Two sample t-test was applied to evaluate the effects of ZnTe low dose (100mg/Kg) on albino mice (Mus musculus) hematocrit. Results: Results revealed that the number of WBC, GRA and LYM increased non-significantly (p=0.50, 0.46 and 0.44 respectively) while MON decreased non-significantly (p = 0.42). The number of LYM% MON% and GRA% decreased non-significantly (p = 0.52, 0.54 and 0.41 respectively) as compared to the control group (Table1 and 2). While our results depicted that the number of RBC% decreased highly significantly (p=0.0071) in treated animals but HCB and HCT decreased highly significantly (p = 0.0022 and 0.0028 respectively) in treated group as compare to the control group. Results observed for MCV MCH and PCT decreased non-significantly (p=0.060, 0.13 and 0.054 respectively) as compare to the control group. While number of MCHC, RDW-SD MPV and PDW increased non-significantly (p=0.50, 0.79, 0.18 and 0.16) in treated animals. Conclusion: It was also observed that there was no differences in weight gain in both control and treated group animals found. Further research is required to evaluate the long term effects of ZnTe on mammals and to investigate their remedies. Keywords: ZnONPs, ZnTe, Hematology, Male Albino Mice
{"title":"Effect of Low Dose (100mg/kg) of Zinc Telluride (ZnTe) on Hematology of Male Albino Mice (Mus musculus)","authors":"Muhammad Khalid, Zeenat Zafar, N. Ahmad, S. Azam, Irish Atiq, Ahmad Ali","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610409","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: ZnONPs have been identified from a variety of perspectives, including organic chemistry and toxicology, and under these circumstances, they were deemed to be among the most lethal nanoparticles. The aim of present study to access the effect of low dose (Zinc Telluride) on hematology of Male Albino Mice. Method: Experiment was conducted for fifteen days and oral suspension of ZnTe (Zinc Telluride) was applied orally in the suspension form to male albino mice (Mus musculus). Two groups were devised as Treated and Control. Each group consisting of three treatment organisms. Two sample t-test was applied to evaluate the effects of ZnTe low dose (100mg/Kg) on albino mice (Mus musculus) hematocrit. Results: Results revealed that the number of WBC, GRA and LYM increased non-significantly (p=0.50, 0.46 and 0.44 respectively) while MON decreased non-significantly (p = 0.42). The number of LYM% MON% and GRA% decreased non-significantly (p = 0.52, 0.54 and 0.41 respectively) as compared to the control group (Table1 and 2). While our results depicted that the number of RBC% decreased highly significantly (p=0.0071) in treated animals but HCB and HCT decreased highly significantly (p = 0.0022 and 0.0028 respectively) in treated group as compare to the control group. Results observed for MCV MCH and PCT decreased non-significantly (p=0.060, 0.13 and 0.054 respectively) as compare to the control group. While number of MCHC, RDW-SD MPV and PDW increased non-significantly (p=0.50, 0.79, 0.18 and 0.16) in treated animals. Conclusion: It was also observed that there was no differences in weight gain in both control and treated group animals found. Further research is required to evaluate the long term effects of ZnTe on mammals and to investigate their remedies. Keywords: ZnONPs, ZnTe, Hematology, Male Albino Mice","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114778246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Haseeb, Rahmattualh Khan, Waqas Sardar, Usman Ali, R. Khan, S. Hanan
Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of hyponatremia in ischemic stroke patients. Material and Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. This research included all inpatients and outpatients at the Nephrology Institute of Kidney Disease from January 01, 2021, to December 31, 2022. A total of 214 people who had had a stroke were included in the analysis. On an official Proforma, the study's goals, potential harms, and potential rewards were laid out for the participant. Results: The study examined 214 people who had had an ischemic stroke. The average age of the patients was above 35. Patients' ages averaged 70 years. Male patients comprised 64% of the total, with 76 female patients making up 36% of the sample size. The Incidence of hyponatremia in individuals with ischemic stroke was 24%. The prevalence of hyponatremia increased dramatically between the ages of 51 and 75. Patients with hypertension were more likely to have hyponatremia than those without hypertension (31% vs. 12%, p=0.04). Diabetes doubled the Incidence of hyponatremia, which affected both sexes equally. (60 vs. 20 percent) The Incidence of hyponatremia in the context of an ischemic stroke was shown to be doubled in those with a high body mass index (BMI). (35% vs. 19%) Conclusion: There was a significant incidence and frequency of hyponatremia after stroke. The prognosis and mortality rate of stroke patients are already poor, and hyponatremia worsens the situation. Keywords: Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion, Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome, Hyponatremia, Stroke, Ischemic, and Hyponatremia.
目的:了解缺血性脑卒中患者低钠血症的患病率。材料与方法:本研究为描述性横断面研究。该研究包括2021年1月1日至2022年12月31日肾脏疾病肾病研究所的所有住院和门诊患者。共有214名中风患者被纳入分析。在一份正式的形式表上，研究的目标、潜在的危害和潜在的回报都为参与者列出了。结果:这项研究调查了214名患有缺血性中风的人。患者平均年龄在35岁以上。患者的平均年龄为70岁。男性患者占总数的64%，76名女性患者占样本量的36%。缺血性脑卒中患者低钠血症发生率为24%。低钠血症的患病率在51岁至75岁之间急剧增加。高血压患者比无高血压患者更容易发生低钠血症(31%比12%，p=0.04)。糖尿病使低钠血症的发病率增加了一倍，这对男女都有影响。(60% vs. 20%)在缺血性中风的情况下，低钠血症的发生率在高体重指数(BMI)的人群中增加了一倍。结论:卒中后低钠血症的发生率和发生频率均有显著性差异。脑卒中患者的预后和死亡率本来就很差，而低钠血症使情况更加恶化。关键词:抗利尿激素分泌不当，脑盐消耗综合征，低钠血症，脑卒中，缺血性，低钠血症
{"title":"Hyponatremia in Ischemic Stroke Patients Presented to the Neurology Department at the Nephrology Institute of Kidney Disease","authors":"A. Haseeb, Rahmattualh Khan, Waqas Sardar, Usman Ali, R. Khan, S. Hanan","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610376","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of hyponatremia in ischemic stroke patients. Material and Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. This research included all inpatients and outpatients at the Nephrology Institute of Kidney Disease from January 01, 2021, to December 31, 2022. A total of 214 people who had had a stroke were included in the analysis. On an official Proforma, the study's goals, potential harms, and potential rewards were laid out for the participant. Results: The study examined 214 people who had had an ischemic stroke. The average age of the patients was above 35. Patients' ages averaged 70 years. Male patients comprised 64% of the total, with 76 female patients making up 36% of the sample size. The Incidence of hyponatremia in individuals with ischemic stroke was 24%. The prevalence of hyponatremia increased dramatically between the ages of 51 and 75. Patients with hypertension were more likely to have hyponatremia than those without hypertension (31% vs. 12%, p=0.04). Diabetes doubled the Incidence of hyponatremia, which affected both sexes equally. (60 vs. 20 percent) The Incidence of hyponatremia in the context of an ischemic stroke was shown to be doubled in those with a high body mass index (BMI). (35% vs. 19%) Conclusion: There was a significant incidence and frequency of hyponatremia after stroke. The prognosis and mortality rate of stroke patients are already poor, and hyponatremia worsens the situation. Keywords: Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion, Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome, Hyponatremia, Stroke, Ischemic, and Hyponatremia.","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122990468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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