Pub Date : 2018-07-26DOI: 10.1093/LAW/9780198823964.003.0017
Fitzmaurice Malgosia
This chapter examines the role of the United Nations (UN) in fulfilling the concept of intergenerational equity as it relates to ocean governance. The concept of intergenerational equity is inexorably linked to the principle of sustainable development. Three basic principles underpin intergenerational equity: conservation of options, conservation of quality, and conservation of access. The chapter first considers the concept of intergenerational equity within the context of sustainable development and environmental protection before discussing international conventions and soft law instruments including the principle of intergenerational equity. It then explains how the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) takes into account intergenerational equity and goes on to review national and international case-law concerning intergenerational equity and the rights of future generations. It also analyses constitutional and institutional protection of the rights of future generations and concludes with an assessment of UN approaches addressing the needs of future generations.
{"title":"Part III Human Health and Human Rights, 17 Intergenerational Equity, Ocean Governance, and the United Nations","authors":"Fitzmaurice Malgosia","doi":"10.1093/LAW/9780198823964.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LAW/9780198823964.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the role of the United Nations (UN) in fulfilling the concept of intergenerational equity as it relates to ocean governance. The concept of intergenerational equity is inexorably linked to the principle of sustainable development. Three basic principles underpin intergenerational equity: conservation of options, conservation of quality, and conservation of access. The chapter first considers the concept of intergenerational equity within the context of sustainable development and environmental protection before discussing international conventions and soft law instruments including the principle of intergenerational equity. It then explains how the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) takes into account intergenerational equity and goes on to review national and international case-law concerning intergenerational equity and the rights of future generations. It also analyses constitutional and institutional protection of the rights of future generations and concludes with an assessment of UN approaches addressing the needs of future generations.","PeriodicalId":296661,"journal":{"name":"The IMLI Treatise On Global Ocean Governance","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127167054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-26DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198824152.003.0014
Telesetsky Anastasia
This chapter examines issues of global ocean governance from North American and Arctic perspectives. It first considers the priority global ocean law and policy issues for federal agencies in Canada, Mexico, and the United States in the areas of marine environment protection and traditional maritime security (for example, trafficking and human migration). For each North American State, the chapter identifies any specific interactions between the State and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) that have been highlighted by the State that involve ocean governance competencies. The focus is on a small subset of IGOs and United Nations entities including the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Maritime Organization, World Meteorological Organization, World Customs Organization, and the UN Security Council. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the global ocean governance priorities of the Arctic Council and any interactions between the Arctic Council and UN IGOs on priority matters for the Council.
{"title":"Part V Regional Perspectives on Global Ocean Governance, 14 The North American and Arctic Perspective(s) on Global Ocean Governance","authors":"Telesetsky Anastasia","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198824152.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198824152.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines issues of global ocean governance from North American and Arctic perspectives. It first considers the priority global ocean law and policy issues for federal agencies in Canada, Mexico, and the United States in the areas of marine environment protection and traditional maritime security (for example, trafficking and human migration). For each North American State, the chapter identifies any specific interactions between the State and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) that have been highlighted by the State that involve ocean governance competencies. The focus is on a small subset of IGOs and United Nations entities including the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Maritime Organization, World Meteorological Organization, World Customs Organization, and the UN Security Council. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the global ocean governance priorities of the Arctic Council and any interactions between the Arctic Council and UN IGOs on priority matters for the Council.","PeriodicalId":296661,"journal":{"name":"The IMLI Treatise On Global Ocean Governance","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127377734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-26DOI: 10.1093/LAW/9780198823964.003.0002
Ehlers Peter
This chapter focuses on the work of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), a separate unit of UNESCO, in respect to global ocean governance. The functions of IOC are part of the system of ocean governance, based on 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Its purpose is to promote international cooperation and to coordinate programmes in research, services and capacity building, in order to learn more about the nature and resources of the ocean and coastal areas and to apply that knowledge for the improvement of management, sustainable development, the protection of the marine environment, and the decision-making processes of its Member States. The chapter first provides an overview of IOC’s purpose and organisational structure, its collaboration with international organizations with regard to ocean governance, and its ocean governance-related activities before discussing the ways in which it contributes to capacity building and enhancing ocean governance.
{"title":"Part I Marine Living Resources and Marine Biodiversity, 2 The Work of the UNESCO-IOC in Respect of Global Ocean Governance","authors":"Ehlers Peter","doi":"10.1093/LAW/9780198823964.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LAW/9780198823964.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the work of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), a separate unit of UNESCO, in respect to global ocean governance. The functions of IOC are part of the system of ocean governance, based on 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Its purpose is to promote international cooperation and to coordinate programmes in research, services and capacity building, in order to learn more about the nature and resources of the ocean and coastal areas and to apply that knowledge for the improvement of management, sustainable development, the protection of the marine environment, and the decision-making processes of its Member States. The chapter first provides an overview of IOC’s purpose and organisational structure, its collaboration with international organizations with regard to ocean governance, and its ocean governance-related activities before discussing the ways in which it contributes to capacity building and enhancing ocean governance.","PeriodicalId":296661,"journal":{"name":"The IMLI Treatise On Global Ocean Governance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126158917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-26DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198824152.003.0002
Cai Yong-sheng
This chapter examines the role of the International Seabed Authority (ISA) in global ocean governance. In particular, it highlights the assumption of ISA's explicit mandate for environmental protection as an integral aspect of its overall governance of the deep sea-bed ‘Area’ beyond national jurisdiction, especially following the 1994 Implementation Agreement to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This assumption is particularly significant given the fact that the ISA work programme has now progressed to the point where as of 31 January 2017, a total of twenty-six contracts for exploration had entered into force (sixteen for polymetallic nodules, six for polymetallic sulphides and four for cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts). The chapter also discusses various activities undertaken in the Area, such as prospecting, exploration and exploitation of resources; marine scientific research; and benefit-sharing for exploitation on the outer continental shelf. Finally, it considers ISA's emphasis on the importance of international cooperation in implementing its mandates.
{"title":"Part I Assessing the UN Institutional Structure for Global Ocean Governance: The UN’s Role in Global Ocean Governance, 2 Role of the International Seabed Authority in Global Ocean Governance","authors":"Cai Yong-sheng","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198824152.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198824152.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the role of the International Seabed Authority (ISA) in global ocean governance. In particular, it highlights the assumption of ISA's explicit mandate for environmental protection as an integral aspect of its overall governance of the deep sea-bed ‘Area’ beyond national jurisdiction, especially following the 1994 Implementation Agreement to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This assumption is particularly significant given the fact that the ISA work programme has now progressed to the point where as of 31 January 2017, a total of twenty-six contracts for exploration had entered into force (sixteen for polymetallic nodules, six for polymetallic sulphides and four for cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts). The chapter also discusses various activities undertaken in the Area, such as prospecting, exploration and exploitation of resources; marine scientific research; and benefit-sharing for exploitation on the outer continental shelf. Finally, it considers ISA's emphasis on the importance of international cooperation in implementing its mandates.","PeriodicalId":296661,"journal":{"name":"The IMLI Treatise On Global Ocean Governance","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115804061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-26DOI: 10.1093/LAW/9780198823964.003.0003
Rodotheatos Gerasimos
This chapter focuses on the work of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in respect to global ocean governance. ICAO, which was created to replace the International Commission for Air Navigation (ICAN), has three main goals: encourage international civil aviation and promotion of its benefits; preserve the safety of flights and relevant equipment and installations; and eliminate obstacles and ease tensions related to civil aviation. The chapter first provides a background on ICAO before discussing its role in global ocean governance. It also considers the three pillars of interaction that fall under ICAO’s mandate and are deeply related to ocean affairs and the mandate of marine organizations: aviation, safety/security, and environment. Finally, it assesses future prospects for ICAO with regard to its mandate by highlighting three areas: knowledge building for environmental protection and management, civil–military cooperation in air and sea, and preparedness for emerging/upcoming technological challenges.
{"title":"Part I Marine Living Resources and Marine Biodiversity, 3 The Work of the International Civil Aviation Organization in Respect of Global Ocean Governance","authors":"Rodotheatos Gerasimos","doi":"10.1093/LAW/9780198823964.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LAW/9780198823964.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the work of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in respect to global ocean governance. ICAO, which was created to replace the International Commission for Air Navigation (ICAN), has three main goals: encourage international civil aviation and promotion of its benefits; preserve the safety of flights and relevant equipment and installations; and eliminate obstacles and ease tensions related to civil aviation. The chapter first provides a background on ICAO before discussing its role in global ocean governance. It also considers the three pillars of interaction that fall under ICAO’s mandate and are deeply related to ocean affairs and the mandate of marine organizations: aviation, safety/security, and environment. Finally, it assesses future prospects for ICAO with regard to its mandate by highlighting three areas: knowledge building for environmental protection and management, civil–military cooperation in air and sea, and preparedness for emerging/upcoming technological challenges.","PeriodicalId":296661,"journal":{"name":"The IMLI Treatise On Global Ocean Governance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133381421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-26DOI: 10.1093/LAW/9780198823964.003.0001
Henriksen Tore
This chapter examines the role of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in ocean governance, not only in the conservation and management of living marine resources but also in other activities impacting fisheries management, such as regulating subsidies, the relationship with trade-related measures and ensuring compliance with fisheries legislation. After providing a background on FAO, including its membership and structure, the chapter discusses two of the organisation’s main functions: as a forum for developing international instruments, norm and standards; and collecting, analysing and disseminating information and statistics to its members. It then considers three concepts or principles either introduced by or detailed through the work of FAO before concluding with an overview of FAO legal and policy instruments.
{"title":"Part I Marine Living Resources and Marine Biodiversity, 1 The FAO and Ocean Governance","authors":"Henriksen Tore","doi":"10.1093/LAW/9780198823964.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LAW/9780198823964.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the role of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in ocean governance, not only in the conservation and management of living marine resources but also in other activities impacting fisheries management, such as regulating subsidies, the relationship with trade-related measures and ensuring compliance with fisheries legislation. After providing a background on FAO, including its membership and structure, the chapter discusses two of the organisation’s main functions: as a forum for developing international instruments, norm and standards; and collecting, analysing and disseminating information and statistics to its members. It then considers three concepts or principles either introduced by or detailed through the work of FAO before concluding with an overview of FAO legal and policy instruments.","PeriodicalId":296661,"journal":{"name":"The IMLI Treatise On Global Ocean Governance","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127055307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-26DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198823964.003.0006
Doussis Emmanuella
This chapter discusses the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in global ocean governance. It first traces the history of the IMF, from its inception at Bretton Woods in 1944 to the late 1970s and beyond, and highlights the factors that have influenced its institutional development as well as its current institutional profile. It then describes the IMF’s membership, structure, main functions, and decision-making processes before analysing the possible input of the Fund to matters related to ocean governance. In particular, it considers the ways in which the IMF is involved in global ocean governance through its three main functions: economic surveillance, lending, and capacity building. Although the Fund has no direct relevance to global ocean governance, the chapter shows that the IMF may contribute to its improvement by providing technical assistance and policy advice, as well as a better interaction with other, more competent, international agencies.
{"title":"Part II Commercial Aspects of the Marine Environment, 6 The Work of the International Monetary Fund and Its Possible Relevance to Global Ocean Governance","authors":"Doussis Emmanuella","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198823964.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198823964.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in global ocean governance. It first traces the history of the IMF, from its inception at Bretton Woods in 1944 to the late 1970s and beyond, and highlights the factors that have influenced its institutional development as well as its current institutional profile. It then describes the IMF’s membership, structure, main functions, and decision-making processes before analysing the possible input of the Fund to matters related to ocean governance. In particular, it considers the ways in which the IMF is involved in global ocean governance through its three main functions: economic surveillance, lending, and capacity building. Although the Fund has no direct relevance to global ocean governance, the chapter shows that the IMF may contribute to its improvement by providing technical assistance and policy advice, as well as a better interaction with other, more competent, international agencies.","PeriodicalId":296661,"journal":{"name":"The IMLI Treatise On Global Ocean Governance","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129407785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-26DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198823957.003.0004
P. Karen
This chapter evaluates the effectiveness of measures taken by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to promote global governance of the ocean. These views are based upon the International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation’s (ITOPF) experience of having attended major oil and HNS incidents worldwide. The evaluation also takes into account the educational and outreach activities that the ITOPF has undertaken in conjunction with the IMO and several of the partners with whom the IMO works. The approach taken has been to consider, primarily, the measures in terms of the conventions that are in place governing Preparedness and Compensation and to highlight where measures appear to be working effectively as well as where there are obstacles. The ITOPF’s role does not extend to measures taken to prevent incidents occurring. Other conventions are mentioned briefly insofar as they have relevance to the work of the ITOPF.
{"title":"4 Major Oil and HNS Spills: Measures Taken by the IMO to Promote Global Ocean Governance","authors":"P. Karen","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198823957.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198823957.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter evaluates the effectiveness of measures taken by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to promote global governance of the ocean. These views are based upon the International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation’s (ITOPF) experience of having attended major oil and HNS incidents worldwide. The evaluation also takes into account the educational and outreach activities that the ITOPF has undertaken in conjunction with the IMO and several of the partners with whom the IMO works. The approach taken has been to consider, primarily, the measures in terms of the conventions that are in place governing Preparedness and Compensation and to highlight where measures appear to be working effectively as well as where there are obstacles. The ITOPF’s role does not extend to measures taken to prevent incidents occurring. Other conventions are mentioned briefly insofar as they have relevance to the work of the ITOPF.","PeriodicalId":296661,"journal":{"name":"The IMLI Treatise On Global Ocean Governance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129599065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-26DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198823957.003.0003
Jacob Mans
This chapter analyses those International Maritime Organization (IMO) conventions which establish liability and compensation regimes for pollution damage from ships. The International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC) and the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage (IOPC), which together deal with pollution from oil tankers, have been in place for many years. The system is administered by an international organization, the IOPC Funds, expressly established for this purpose. Their activities are overseen by the Funds’ Assemblies. Over the years the Funds, working with the International Group of Professional and Indemnity (P&I) Clubs, have developed procedures to facilitate the assessment of damages in major incidents giving rise to a large number of claims, often for relatively small amounts and in circumstances where claimants are unable to prove their losses.
{"title":"3 The IMO: Liability, Compensation, and Global Ocean Governance","authors":"Jacob Mans","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198823957.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198823957.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyses those International Maritime Organization (IMO) conventions which establish liability and compensation regimes for pollution damage from ships. The International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC) and the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage (IOPC), which together deal with pollution from oil tankers, have been in place for many years. The system is administered by an international organization, the IOPC Funds, expressly established for this purpose. Their activities are overseen by the Funds’ Assemblies. Over the years the Funds, working with the International Group of Professional and Indemnity (P&I) Clubs, have developed procedures to facilitate the assessment of damages in major incidents giving rise to a large number of claims, often for relatively small amounts and in circumstances where claimants are unable to prove their losses.","PeriodicalId":296661,"journal":{"name":"The IMLI Treatise On Global Ocean Governance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130590878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-26DOI: 10.1093/LAW/9780198824152.003.0015
W. Robin
This chapter examines issues of global ocean governance in Australia and Antarctica. It first provides an overview of Australia's law and policy framework for ocean governance as well as its maritime jurisdiction before discussing issues regarding management of rights and responsibilities on Australia's extended continental shelf. It then considers Australia's engagement with regional initiatives to conserve and sustainably use marine biodiversity, and the ways it addresses global and regional maritime security. In particular, it analyses the Australian Oceans Policy on maritime security and how it evolved in response to rising instances of ‘people-smuggling’ incidents to establish both national and regional policies against this practice. The chapter goes on to assess ocean governance in Antarctica, focusing on the Antarctic Treaty and the cooperation among its partners in the development of a comprehensive environmental protection regime which applies to marine areas both within and beyond national jurisdiction.
{"title":"Part V Regional Perspectives on Global Ocean Governance, 15 The Australian and Antarctic Perspective on Global Ocean Governance","authors":"W. Robin","doi":"10.1093/LAW/9780198824152.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LAW/9780198824152.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines issues of global ocean governance in Australia and Antarctica. It first provides an overview of Australia's law and policy framework for ocean governance as well as its maritime jurisdiction before discussing issues regarding management of rights and responsibilities on Australia's extended continental shelf. It then considers Australia's engagement with regional initiatives to conserve and sustainably use marine biodiversity, and the ways it addresses global and regional maritime security. In particular, it analyses the Australian Oceans Policy on maritime security and how it evolved in response to rising instances of ‘people-smuggling’ incidents to establish both national and regional policies against this practice. The chapter goes on to assess ocean governance in Antarctica, focusing on the Antarctic Treaty and the cooperation among its partners in the development of a comprehensive environmental protection regime which applies to marine areas both within and beyond national jurisdiction.","PeriodicalId":296661,"journal":{"name":"The IMLI Treatise On Global Ocean Governance","volume":"03 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130861907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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