Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.3-2
P. Nesenenko
Introduction. The agricultural sector is a strategically important segment for ensuring the country's national security. New challenges rightly require appropriate responses. All means of regulating the state agrarian sector, first of all, should be aimed at ensuring its successful development and effective functioning. The development of the agrarian sector of Ukraine requires the solution of institutional problems of agrarian production Studying literary sources indicates that state economic policy is implemented, primarily, through the mechanisms of tax policy, which has notes permanent changes in recent years. Aim and tasks. The aim of this article is to research the taxation of the agricultural sector in the system of Ukraine’s economic policy implementation and its digitalization. A secondary aim would be to single out the advantages and disadvantages of the taxation system and to create recommendations on choosing a taxation system for subjects of the agrarian sector. Results. The taxation of the agricultural sector in the system of Ukraine’s economic policy implementation and its digitalization are researched. Such stages of legal regulation of agricultural protection tax relations as formation (establishment), relative permanence, reformation, and post-reformation (post-reform stage) are defined. The agricultural protection tax measures in terms of VAT taxation during the period are performed. The advantages and disadvantages of the taxation systems of agricultural sector entities are singled out. Recommendations on choosing a taxation system for subjects in the agrarian sector are formed. The structure of the "Manager" module in the program "BAS AGRO. Accounting" is shown. Conclusions. Each of the tax systems that can be used by subjects of the agrarian sector has its own advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to take into account the conditions under which a specific enterprise operates. The performed analysis of the evolution of the tax legislation in terms of taxation of the agrarian sector indicates a reduction in agro-protective actions by the state. At the stages of formation (establishment) and relative permanence of legal regulation, the introduction and effective use of tax policy, in particular the fixed agricultural tax and the special VAT taxation regime, were observed. During the reform and post-reform stages, the agricultural protection measures outlined above, which were quite powerful and effective at the time, were significantly minimized. The actual adaptation of information technologies to the needs of agriculture is one of the best new technologies in the agricultural sector.
{"title":"Taxation of the Agricultural Sector in the System of Ukraine’s Economic Policy Implementation and its Digitalization","authors":"P. Nesenenko","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.3-2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The agricultural sector is a strategically important segment for ensuring the country's national security. New challenges rightly require appropriate responses. All means of regulating the state agrarian sector, first of all, should be aimed at ensuring its successful development and effective functioning. The development of the agrarian sector of Ukraine requires the solution of institutional problems of agrarian production Studying literary sources indicates that state economic policy is implemented, primarily, through the mechanisms of tax policy, which has notes permanent changes in recent years. \u0000Aim and tasks. The aim of this article is to research the taxation of the agricultural sector in the system of Ukraine’s economic policy implementation and its digitalization. A secondary aim would be to single out the advantages and disadvantages of the taxation system and to create recommendations on choosing a taxation system for subjects of the agrarian sector. \u0000Results. The taxation of the agricultural sector in the system of Ukraine’s economic policy implementation and its digitalization are researched. Such stages of legal regulation of agricultural protection tax relations as formation (establishment), relative permanence, reformation, and post-reformation (post-reform stage) are defined. The agricultural protection tax measures in terms of VAT taxation during the period are performed. The advantages and disadvantages of the taxation systems of agricultural sector entities are singled out. Recommendations on choosing a taxation system for subjects in the agrarian sector are formed. The structure of the \"Manager\" module in the program \"BAS AGRO. Accounting\" is shown. \u0000Conclusions. Each of the tax systems that can be used by subjects of the agrarian sector has its own advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to take into account the conditions under which a specific enterprise operates. The performed analysis of the evolution of the tax legislation in terms of taxation of the agrarian sector indicates a reduction in agro-protective actions by the state. At the stages of formation (establishment) and relative permanence of legal regulation, the introduction and effective use of tax policy, in particular the fixed agricultural tax and the special VAT taxation regime, were observed. During the reform and post-reform stages, the agricultural protection measures outlined above, which were quite powerful and effective at the time, were significantly minimized. The actual adaptation of information technologies to the needs of agriculture is one of the best new technologies in the agricultural sector.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85025695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.3-4
Y. Kovalenko-Marchenkova
Introduction. The interest in the problem of public administration in the development of a country's national economy is increasing. Such questions are always in line with the interests of economic theory and business practice. Under the influence of factors, the national economy of Ukraine is transforming into a whole organism, which, under the influence of factors, loses some signs and acquires new ones. Aim and tasks. The aim of the research is to develop the conceptual apparatus for managing the national economy as an element of social economic space of the country. Results. The result of the study is the development of a conceptual apparatus for managing the national economy as an element of the socio-economic space of the country . First of all, the system of economic and social connections and relations between subjects of the national economy, related to the implementation of economic activity and the satisfaction of the social needs of the population, is functioning. Secondly, management of the national economy is carried out, which is related to the accumulation of resources (production, financial and investment, scientific and technical, informational, etc.) necessary for the uninterrupted implementation of various types of economic activity of subjects and the satisfaction of the social needs of society, as well as their effective distribution and use. Thirdly, the interests of all participants in the processes of functioning and development of the national economy as an open, complex socio-economic system intersect. Fourthly, certain features depending on the specific country (national features) are revealed. Finally, the economic and social components of the management orientation of the national economy and its separate elements are organically combined, which ensures their close interaction and complementarity. Conclusions. The statement that the national economy is an element of the socio-economic space can be considered fully justified, given that the study of the national economy in terms of its belonging to the socio-economic space gives the most comprehensive and accurate idea of the reality, the presence of connections and relations inherent in the objects operating within it and allows for more effective management of the national economy.
{"title":"Management of the national economy as an element of the socio-economic space of the country","authors":"Y. Kovalenko-Marchenkova","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.3-4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The interest in the problem of public administration in the development of a country's national economy is increasing. Such questions are always in line with the interests of economic theory and business practice. Under the influence of factors, the national economy of Ukraine is transforming into a whole organism, which, under the influence of factors, loses some signs and acquires new ones. \u0000Aim and tasks. The aim of the research is to develop the conceptual apparatus for managing the national economy as an element of social economic space of the country. \u0000Results. The result of the study is the development of a conceptual apparatus for managing the national economy as an element of the socio-economic space of the country . First of all, the system of economic and social connections and relations between subjects of the national economy, related to the implementation of economic activity and the satisfaction of the social needs of the population, is functioning. Secondly, management of the national economy is carried out, which is related to the accumulation of resources (production, financial and investment, scientific and technical, informational, etc.) necessary for the uninterrupted implementation of various types of economic activity of subjects and the satisfaction of the social needs of society, as well as their effective distribution and use. Thirdly, the interests of all participants in the processes of functioning and development of the national economy as an open, complex socio-economic system intersect. Fourthly, certain features depending on the specific country (national features) are revealed. Finally, the economic and social components of the management orientation of the national economy and its separate elements are organically combined, which ensures their close interaction and complementarity. \u0000Conclusions. The statement that the national economy is an element of the socio-economic space can be considered fully justified, given that the study of the national economy in terms of its belonging to the socio-economic space gives the most comprehensive and accurate idea of the reality, the presence of connections and relations inherent in the objects operating within it and allows for more effective management of the national economy.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77271069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.3-3
O. Redkva
Introduction. The resources of the business entities of the machine-building complex increasingly determine the importance of developing the components of the internal efficiency of the industry itself and ensuring the national security of Ukraine, since the machine-building complex is the leading branch of the national economy. In this regard, an urgent task is to form a methodological basis based on the concept of the development of the machine-building complex using a system of measures of direct and indirect regulation and improvement of the strategic directions of industrial policy. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the essential characteristics of the economic security of the machine-building complex, as well as to study the approach to implementing the concept of the development of the machine-building complex based on the application of methodological contexts. The paper examines the essential and practical characteristics of implementation the concept development of the machine-building complex in the context of methodological basis based on safety-related conditions. Results. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation of the existing concept using the model for selecting target indicators is substantiated, as a result of which the main vectors for ensuring the safety of machine-building enterprises in modern conditions of challenges and threats are identified. In addition, three design stages of the implementation of this concept are characterized and the features of ensuring the relevant safety components in the conditions of the intensification of the development of the machine-building complex are studied. Conclusions. A distinctive feature of the management of the economic security system of machine-building enterprises is the ability to use operational, tactical, strategic, and preventive mechanisms for diagnosing, stabilizing, and ensuring the economic security of machine-building enterprises. The proposed concept allows assessing the prospects for the development of a machine-building enterprise, developing its tactics and strategy, and reducing the consequences of financial crises and the negative impact of new threats and dangers based on the practical application of the concept of developing the complex under study using predetermined methodological contexts.
{"title":"Methodological prerequisites for ensuring the economic security of the machine-building complex of Ukraine","authors":"O. Redkva","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.3-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.3-3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The resources of the business entities of the machine-building complex increasingly determine the importance of developing the components of the internal efficiency of the industry itself and ensuring the national security of Ukraine, since the machine-building complex is the leading branch of the national economy. In this regard, an urgent task is to form a methodological basis based on the concept of the development of the machine-building complex using a system of measures of direct and indirect regulation and improvement of the strategic directions of industrial policy. \u0000Aim and tasks. The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the essential characteristics of the economic security of the machine-building complex, as well as to study the approach to implementing the concept of the development of the machine-building complex based on the application of methodological contexts. The paper examines the essential and practical characteristics of implementation the concept development of the machine-building complex in the context of methodological basis based on safety-related conditions. \u0000Results. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation of the existing concept using the model for selecting target indicators is substantiated, as a result of which the main vectors for ensuring the safety of machine-building enterprises in modern conditions of challenges and threats are identified. In addition, three design stages of the implementation of this concept are characterized and the features of ensuring the relevant safety components in the conditions of the intensification of the development of the machine-building complex are studied. \u0000Conclusions. A distinctive feature of the management of the economic security system of machine-building enterprises is the ability to use operational, tactical, strategic, and preventive mechanisms for diagnosing, stabilizing, and ensuring the economic security of machine-building enterprises. The proposed concept allows assessing the prospects for the development of a machine-building enterprise, developing its tactics and strategy, and reducing the consequences of financial crises and the negative impact of new threats and dangers based on the practical application of the concept of developing the complex under study using predetermined methodological contexts.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"64 1-2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75393461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.2-1
H. Tiutiunnyk
Introduction. Sustainable development of mariculture as a highly productive industry is a potential and source of income and contributions to the national economy, a guarantee of food and environmental security, socioeconomic benefits for coastal areas. The effective development of mariculture requires a stable basis as an institutional support, which, unfortunately, is not characterized by a high enough level in Ukraine. Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to analyze and evaluate the institutional support for the development of mariculture in Ukraine and the implementation of international experience in national practice. The main tasks of the study are: to study the features of theoretical and applied ukrainian context of mariculture development to determine the possibilities of implementing international experience; to analyze ukrainian and international institutional basis for the development of mariculture and the cultivation of marine organisms; to develop conclusions and recommendations on the current state and development of institutional support for mariculture in Ukraine on the basis of compliance with international requirements and the possibility of their implementation. Results. The concept of mariculture is theoretically substantiated by its definition in texts of the legal framework. The analysis of the ukrainian and international institutional context of mariculture development is based on the procedure of measures on the development of institutional support for mariculture in Ukraine in the context of the implementation of international experience of world leaders in mariculture development, European Union countries, and countries with short traditions of marine cultivation. Conclusions. A detailed interpretation of the concept of mariculture for its definition in the texts of the legal framework of Ukraine based on the characteristics of the industry presented in the legal documents of Ukraine, the European Union, world leaders in mariculture, dictionaries and works of prominent Ukrainian and foreign scholars. A procedure for measures to develop institutional support for mariculture in Ukraine in the form of an algorithm for implementing the international experience of world leaders in mariculture, the European Union and countries with short traditions of marine organisms.
{"title":"Institutional Ensuring of Mariculture: International and Ukrainian Context","authors":"H. Tiutiunnyk","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.2-1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Sustainable development of mariculture as a highly productive industry is a potential and source of income and contributions to the national economy, a guarantee of food and environmental security, socioeconomic benefits for coastal areas. The effective development of mariculture requires a stable basis as an institutional support, which, unfortunately, is not characterized by a high enough level in Ukraine. \u0000Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to analyze and evaluate the institutional support for the development of mariculture in Ukraine and the implementation of international experience in national practice. The main tasks of the study are: to study the features of theoretical and applied ukrainian context of mariculture development to determine the possibilities of implementing international experience; to analyze ukrainian and international institutional basis for the development of mariculture and the cultivation of marine organisms; to develop conclusions and recommendations on the current state and development of institutional support for mariculture in Ukraine on the basis of compliance with international requirements and the possibility of their implementation. \u0000Results. The concept of mariculture is theoretically substantiated by its definition in texts of the legal framework. The analysis of the ukrainian and international institutional context of mariculture development is based on the procedure of measures on the development of institutional support for mariculture in Ukraine in the context of the implementation of international experience of world leaders in mariculture development, European Union countries, and countries with short traditions of marine cultivation. \u0000Conclusions. A detailed interpretation of the concept of mariculture for its definition in the texts of the legal framework of Ukraine based on the characteristics of the industry presented in the legal documents of Ukraine, the European Union, world leaders in mariculture, dictionaries and works of prominent Ukrainian and foreign scholars. A procedure for measures to develop institutional support for mariculture in Ukraine in the form of an algorithm for implementing the international experience of world leaders in mariculture, the European Union and countries with short traditions of marine organisms.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85878295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.2-2
M. Marinov, Lyubomira Todorova
Introduction. The changes that have taken place in the global economy as a result of the coronavirus pandemic have had a negative impact on all economic sectors. The most negative manifestation of this is in the tourism industry. Bulgarian tourism is also among those hit hard by the crisis. This is evidenced by the many bankruptcies of travel companies and the reported financial difficulties. Many of the restrictions imposed on tourists when crossing national borders and the requirements for those wishing to use tourist services are just some of the reasons for the crisis in the sector. Its deepening is the basis for making recommendations to correct the situation. The reasons for the current study are the problems in the tourism sector and the threatening trends of frequent corporate bankruptcies, as well as the closure of many tourist sites. Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to present the situation in which the economic entities of the tourism sector in the Republic of Bulgaria operate and to propose solutions for improving their financial and economic condition. The scope of the study used data for various indicators (visits of foreign tourists, overnight stays of Bulgarian and foreign citizens, turnover indices in the sector, etc.) describing the state of Bulgarian tourism for the period 2019–2021. Results. The processed data given an idea of the current state of the tourism sector in the Republic of Bulgaria. The study is a corrective to the problems in the industry, which are provoked by changes in the visits of local and foreign tourists. Based on the analysis, a set of recommendations were made to improve the state of the sector: achieving sustainability of tourist visits; stricter requirements for transport companies; provision of financial assistance by the government; opportunities to use the interest-free grace period for received loans; and establishing Bulgaria as a safe destination. Conclusion. The conducted situational analysis of the hotel and restaurant business in Bulgaria for the period 2019-2021 is the basis for making several recommendations aimed at stabilizing the sector. Some of them are related to: financial support for the tourism business given by the state; reducing the rate of tax due; ensuring an interest-free grace period for loans from financial institutions; providing opportunities for using funds under various programs for the implementation of innovations in the activities of tourism companies in order to increase their competitiveness and bring them into a state that meets national and world requirements for tourism business.
{"title":"The Impact of the Coronavirus Crisis on Revenues of Hotel and Restaurant Businesses in Bulgaria","authors":"M. Marinov, Lyubomira Todorova","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.2-2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The changes that have taken place in the global economy as a result of the coronavirus pandemic have had a negative impact on all economic sectors. The most negative manifestation of this is in the tourism industry. Bulgarian tourism is also among those hit hard by the crisis. This is evidenced by the many bankruptcies of travel companies and the reported financial difficulties. Many of the restrictions imposed on tourists when crossing national borders and the requirements for those wishing to use tourist services are just some of the reasons for the crisis in the sector. Its deepening is the basis for making recommendations to correct the situation. The reasons for the current study are the problems in the tourism sector and the threatening trends of frequent corporate bankruptcies, as well as the closure of many tourist sites. \u0000Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to present the situation in which the economic entities of the tourism sector in the Republic of Bulgaria operate and to propose solutions for improving their financial and economic condition. The scope of the study used data for various indicators (visits of foreign tourists, overnight stays of Bulgarian and foreign citizens, turnover indices in the sector, etc.) describing the state of Bulgarian tourism for the period 2019–2021. \u0000Results. The processed data given an idea of the current state of the tourism sector in the Republic of Bulgaria. The study is a corrective to the problems in the industry, which are provoked by changes in the visits of local and foreign tourists. Based on the analysis, a set of recommendations were made to improve the state of the sector: achieving sustainability of tourist visits; stricter requirements for transport companies; provision of financial assistance by the government; opportunities to use the interest-free grace period for received loans; and establishing Bulgaria as a safe destination. \u0000Conclusion. The conducted situational analysis of the hotel and restaurant business in Bulgaria for the period 2019-2021 is the basis for making several recommendations aimed at stabilizing the sector. Some of them are related to: financial support for the tourism business given by the state; reducing the rate of tax due; ensuring an interest-free grace period for loans from financial institutions; providing opportunities for using funds under various programs for the implementation of innovations in the activities of tourism companies in order to increase their competitiveness and bring them into a state that meets national and world requirements for tourism business. ","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77329201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.2-3
O. Iermakova, I. Sedikova, Artem Dashian
Introduction. The development of fish farming in aquaculture in a sustainable way ensures the sustainability of fisheries, which is associated with local problems in each region. Ukraine’s fish production has been falling sharply over the last 30 years, and in 2021 the decline was more than 87 percent in comparison with 1990. In the Ukrainian aquaculture sector, there is a high degree of bureaucracy and risks of corruption, which need to be addressed in order to find a solution for the economy and businessmen. World reports show that Ukraine is among the world's leaders in illegal fishing. Thus, it is highly necessary to implement technologies for sector traceability and transparency, i.e., blockchain. Aim and tasks. The main aim of this article is to research the possible mechanism of implementation of the transparent and efficient system of using the aquatic bioresources of Ukraine. A secondary aim would be to actualize the information regarding the use of blockchain technology in the aquaculture sector. Results. This research shows that Ukraine’s aquacultural sector is going through a crisis, which is being induced by the high level of corruption and poaching. The digitization of the aquaculture supply chain powered by blockchain technology has been proposed. The role of blockchain technologies is revealed through functions such as evidence, tamper-proof, transparency, and decentralization. It was investigated the positive impact of blockchain technology on aquaculture business, such as reduction in bureaucracy, quality assurance, improvement in information exchange, low cost of transactions, improvement in audit performance, easy recall process, product origin verification, and low probability of fraudulent activity. It would greatly reduce the time needed to gather all the documentation essential for work and reporting. The blockchain implementation roadmap has been developed, including the following stages: concept, legislation compliance, limited prototype, final vision, further research and optimization. Conclusions. Blockchain technology fits Ukraine’s economic goals in the long term perspective, such as continued digitalization of the country. Due to the blockchain technology, products of aquaculture would not enter the market unless registered in the unified system. That will influence the reduction of "informal economy" in the sector and the increase of market mechanisms. It will also have a positive influence on food security for the population and economic security for the producers. It will be a precedent for a fully transparent and digitalized field of economy.
{"title":"Prospects of Implementation of Blockchain Technology into Aquaculture Sector of Ukraine","authors":"O. Iermakova, I. Sedikova, Artem Dashian","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.2-3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The development of fish farming in aquaculture in a sustainable way ensures the sustainability of fisheries, which is associated with local problems in each region. Ukraine’s fish production has been falling sharply over the last 30 years, and in 2021 the decline was more than 87 percent in comparison with 1990. In the Ukrainian aquaculture sector, there is a high degree of bureaucracy and risks of corruption, which need to be addressed in order to find a solution for the economy and businessmen. World reports show that Ukraine is among the world's leaders in illegal fishing. Thus, it is highly necessary to implement technologies for sector traceability and transparency, i.e., blockchain. \u0000Aim and tasks. The main aim of this article is to research the possible mechanism of implementation of the transparent and efficient system of using the aquatic bioresources of Ukraine. A secondary aim would be to actualize the information regarding the use of blockchain technology in the aquaculture sector. \u0000Results. This research shows that Ukraine’s aquacultural sector is going through a crisis, which is being induced by the high level of corruption and poaching. The digitization of the aquaculture supply chain powered by blockchain technology has been proposed. The role of blockchain technologies is revealed through functions such as evidence, tamper-proof, transparency, and decentralization. It was investigated the positive impact of blockchain technology on aquaculture business, such as reduction in bureaucracy, quality assurance, improvement in information exchange, low cost of transactions, improvement in audit performance, easy recall process, product origin verification, and low probability of fraudulent activity. It would greatly reduce the time needed to gather all the documentation essential for work and reporting. The blockchain implementation roadmap has been developed, including the following stages: concept, legislation compliance, limited prototype, final vision, further research and optimization. \u0000Conclusions. Blockchain technology fits Ukraine’s economic goals in the long term perspective, such as continued digitalization of the country. Due to the blockchain technology, products of aquaculture would not enter the market unless registered in the unified system. That will influence the reduction of \"informal economy\" in the sector and the increase of market mechanisms. It will also have a positive influence on food security for the population and economic security for the producers. It will be a precedent for a fully transparent and digitalized field of economy.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78862582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.2-5
D. Atstāja, V. Koval, Māris Purviņš, Jānis Butkevičs, I. Mikhno
Introduction. Social and hostility conflicts in Ukraine have caused global changes and deterioration of the ecological and economic situation in numerous countries, resulting in higher risks to the population and giving the impetus to create a new innovative, cultural, and technological society. Greening principles, which have become popular in developed countries, are impossible to implement without the coordinated cooperation of states and their genesis in accordance with joint programs and development vectors. As a result, an increasing number of foundations and grants have recently been established to support eco-friendly products and solutions, assist in their adoption, and develop the organizational structure of an efficient system based on green economy principles, thereby improving global standards and regulations. Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for planning the modernization of constructed infrastructure, better resource efficiency, and reduce waste in the reconstruction of war-destroyed objects. Results. The best option for post-war waste disposal is the construction of mobile waste recycling complexes based on fractional waste recycling and its secondary use in further reconstruction of Ukrainian infrastructure, which after final restoration will be moved to safe areas around large cities and used as stationary waste recycling plants. To improve the environmental situation, one suggests building landscaped parks that will operate due to state-of-the-art technologies (obtaining natural energy, etc.) and creating a system of harmonious combination of anthropogenic infrastructure and natural areas, businesses, and public accessibility. Conclusions. The key goal of the reconstruction of Ukrainian territories is to establish an innovative, sustainable, and safe system of social existence by increasing the efficiency of actions and methods based on the principles of rational environmental management and increasing responsibility. When calculating the cost of the restoration of Ukrainian territories, one should take into account additional expenses caused by hostilities, which will be further considered as a stress factor having a cumulative negative impact and leading to disastrous consequences that can be estimated in monetary equivalent as the sum of the price of restoration of components of the ecological, economic, and social system under the effect of a set of factors resulting in negative changes and damages.
{"title":"Construction Waste Management for Improving Resource Efficiency in The Reconstruction of War-Destroyed Objects","authors":"D. Atstāja, V. Koval, Māris Purviņš, Jānis Butkevičs, I. Mikhno","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.2-5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Social and hostility conflicts in Ukraine have caused global changes and deterioration of the ecological and economic situation in numerous countries, resulting in higher risks to the population and giving the impetus to create a new innovative, cultural, and technological society. Greening principles, which have become popular in developed countries, are impossible to implement without the coordinated cooperation of states and their genesis in accordance with joint programs and development vectors. As a result, an increasing number of foundations and grants have recently been established to support eco-friendly products and solutions, assist in their adoption, and develop the organizational structure of an efficient system based on green economy principles, thereby improving global standards and regulations. \u0000Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for planning the modernization of constructed infrastructure, better resource efficiency, and reduce waste in the reconstruction of war-destroyed objects. \u0000Results. The best option for post-war waste disposal is the construction of mobile waste recycling complexes based on fractional waste recycling and its secondary use in further reconstruction of Ukrainian infrastructure, which after final restoration will be moved to safe areas around large cities and used as stationary waste recycling plants. To improve the environmental situation, one suggests building landscaped parks that will operate due to state-of-the-art technologies (obtaining natural energy, etc.) and creating a system of harmonious combination of anthropogenic infrastructure and natural areas, businesses, and public accessibility. \u0000Conclusions. The key goal of the reconstruction of Ukrainian territories is to establish an innovative, sustainable, and safe system of social existence by increasing the efficiency of actions and methods based on the principles of rational environmental management and increasing responsibility. When calculating the cost of the restoration of Ukrainian territories, one should take into account additional expenses caused by hostilities, which will be further considered as a stress factor having a cumulative negative impact and leading to disastrous consequences that can be estimated in monetary equivalent as the sum of the price of restoration of components of the ecological, economic, and social system under the effect of a set of factors resulting in negative changes and damages.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79411500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-12DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.2-4
Giorgi Katamadze
Introduction. In terms of modern hyperactive business processes, the stability and sustainable development of businesses are much at risk for managers and founders if they do not have an anti-crisis strategy; without an anti-crisis strategy, the business is sometimes completely destroyed by any unexpected negative event, or at best, has to deal with the consequences for a long time. Aim and tasks. The aim and objectives of the present paper are to determine the presence of anti-crisis mechanisms in the management methods of business companies operating in Georgia, the possibility of their implementation, the types of anti-crisis measures, the composition of the anti-crisis group, and the analysis of the skills of the group/members of anti-crisis management and their grouping/systematization/categorization. Results. The article presents the results of the research, based on the study of small and medium-sized business entities in Georgia, aiming at determining whether business entities use preventive-anti-crisis plans and strategies or not, how such strategies are formed, and in general, to what extent business entities are able to implement anti-crisis strategies. In the process of preparing the present research paper, both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were involved. In particular, cases were selected based on the following criteria: a) business entities which started and terminated their activities in the last 10 years; b) selection of business entities from different cities in Georgia; c) variety of business entities’ activities; statistical analysis; comparative method; component analysis; analysis of the official documentation. Conclusions. The types of strategies of economic entities in general have been studied and their general overview has been given. The stages and specific measures necessary for the development of individual preventive anti-crisis strategies for business entities, taking into account Georgian realities, are determined. The obtained results are analyzed and relevant recommendations are prepared on the basis of an integrated system approach.
{"title":"Business Entity's Preventive-Anti-Crisis Strategy Model and Possibilities of Its Implementation in Georgia","authors":"Giorgi Katamadze","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.2-4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In terms of modern hyperactive business processes, the stability and sustainable development of businesses are much at risk for managers and founders if they do not have an anti-crisis strategy; without an anti-crisis strategy, the business is sometimes completely destroyed by any unexpected negative event, or at best, has to deal with the consequences for a long time. \u0000Aim and tasks. The aim and objectives of the present paper are to determine the presence of anti-crisis mechanisms in the management methods of business companies operating in Georgia, the possibility of their implementation, the types of anti-crisis measures, the composition of the anti-crisis group, and the analysis of the skills of the group/members of anti-crisis management and their grouping/systematization/categorization. \u0000Results. The article presents the results of the research, based on the study of small and medium-sized business entities in Georgia, aiming at determining whether business entities use preventive-anti-crisis plans and strategies or not, how such strategies are formed, and in general, to what extent business entities are able to implement anti-crisis strategies. In the process of preparing the present research paper, both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were involved. In particular, cases were selected based on the following criteria: a) business entities which started and terminated their activities in the last 10 years; b) selection of business entities from different cities in Georgia; c) variety of business entities’ activities; statistical analysis; comparative method; component analysis; analysis of the official documentation. \u0000Conclusions. The types of strategies of economic entities in general have been studied and their general overview has been given. The stages and specific measures necessary for the development of individual preventive anti-crisis strategies for business entities, taking into account Georgian realities, are determined. The obtained results are analyzed and relevant recommendations are prepared on the basis of an integrated system approach.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87269562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.1-3
Milen Mitkov
Introduction. Regardless of the degree of government intervention in the economy, government spending is huge and often dominant in fiscal policy. Given the fact that costs are the main tool for fulfilling the economic and social functions of the state, adequate measures are needed to maximize their provision. The main goal of economic policy in Bulgaria is to ensure high economic growth in order to reach the average levels of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in the EU, therefore it is requires to identify all instruments that can affect the level of aggregate production. Aim and tasks. The purpose of this study is to analyze the main factors influencing the effectiveness of government spending on the basis of in-depth analysis and guidance on the implementation of public spending in the Republic of Bulgaria. The following main tasks have been set for the realization of the stated goal: disclosure of the essence and content, through theoretical statements about gross domestic product and government spending; carrying out an analysis of gross domestic product for the period 2010-2020; carrying out an analysis of government expenditures for the period 2010-2020; establishing a link between development of gross domestic product and government spending for the period 2010-2020. Results. Public spending has the potential to play the role of a kind of public lever for reducing the risks of poverty and social exclusion only when it is focused on the real causes of the problem and reaches the ultimate beneficiaries of the system. In 2020, compared to 2010, the gross domestic product increased by a little over BGN 46 million or by 63.8%. The effect of the crisis was reflected in the main macroeconomic aggregates, with a negative rate of -0.4 compared to 2019. In 2020, compared to 2010, government spending increased by just over BGN 20 million or 76.4%. Conclusions. During the considered period 2010-2020, there is a continuous economic growth both compared to the base year and compared to each subsequent year. For the entire period of the study, the pace of development of government expenditures outpaces the pace of GDP development. For the period 2010-2020 consolidated expenditures form a real share of redistribution through public finances in the ratio of about 35-40 percent of gross domestic product.
{"title":"Impact of Public Expenditures on the Dynamics of Economic Development of the Republic of Bulgaria","authors":"Milen Mitkov","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.1-3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Regardless of the degree of government intervention in the economy, government spending is huge and often dominant in fiscal policy. Given the fact that costs are the main tool for fulfilling the economic and social functions of the state, adequate measures are needed to maximize their provision. The main goal of economic policy in Bulgaria is to ensure high economic growth in order to reach the average levels of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in the EU, therefore it is requires to identify all instruments that can affect the level of aggregate production. \u0000Aim and tasks. The purpose of this study is to analyze the main factors influencing the effectiveness of government spending on the basis of in-depth analysis and guidance on the implementation of public spending in the Republic of Bulgaria. The following main tasks have been set for the realization of the stated goal: disclosure of the essence and content, through theoretical statements about gross domestic product and government spending; carrying out an analysis of gross domestic product for the period 2010-2020; carrying out an analysis of government expenditures for the period 2010-2020; establishing a link between development of gross domestic product and government spending for the period 2010-2020. \u0000Results. Public spending has the potential to play the role of a kind of public lever for reducing the risks of poverty and social exclusion only when it is focused on the real causes of the problem and reaches the ultimate beneficiaries of the system. In 2020, compared to 2010, the gross domestic product increased by a little over BGN 46 million or by 63.8%. The effect of the crisis was reflected in the main macroeconomic aggregates, with a negative rate of -0.4 compared to 2019. In 2020, compared to 2010, government spending increased by just over BGN 20 million or 76.4%. \u0000Conclusions. During the considered period 2010-2020, there is a continuous economic growth both compared to the base year and compared to each subsequent year. For the entire period of the study, the pace of development of government expenditures outpaces the pace of GDP development. For the period 2010-2020 consolidated expenditures form a real share of redistribution through public finances in the ratio of about 35-40 percent of gross domestic product.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91184380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-20DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.1-1
N. Khumarova, Alina Krivenceva
Introduction. Waste management is an important component of sustainable development of recreational and tourist regions. This determines the expediency of applying a system approach – in the context of determining the components of the waste management system, as well as information and organizational relationships between them; and an integrated approach – in view of the complexity of the object of study, namely the set of diverse economic, environmental, social and other factors mediated by waste management processes, and as a consequence, affecting the ecological status of the recreational and tourist region Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate the management of waste in the recreational and tourist region on the principles of sustainability and on the basis of complexity and system. Results. The article reveals the theoretical content of the provisions based on the application of systematic and integrated approaches in waste management at the regional level, in particular in recreational and tourist regions, which require stricter environmental policies. In view of the extensive nature of the current waste management system in Ukraine, which is reflected in the constant accumulation of production and consumption waste, with minimal action on their prevention and processing, the main element of the studied system is identified as transport and logistics component. Based on the development of a systems approach, it is proved that not only no less important, but also paramount is a detailed analysis of the relationships between elements of a particular economic, and even more economic and environmental system, compared to the analysis of the elements themselves. Conclusions. The article substantiates that along with a set of sustainable development indicators, the calculation of which in the absence of primary information is difficult, it is necessary to implement comprehensive development systems of the region and industries, including recreation and tourism, within its territory. The problem of waste and its rational transportation in recreational and tourist regions affects a large number of other important economic, environmental, social issues that should be solved comprehensively, without artificial abstraction from each other, which in practice usually ends in significant damage, where the “boomerang” will affect to all other elements. In solving the issue of responsible waste management the focus is on interrelated multi-purpose tasks, which require the involvement of expert assistance and clear coordination of actions of all participants involved or interested in this area.
{"title":"A Complex Systems Approaches to Sustainable Waste Management: the Case of a Recreational and Tourist Region of Ukraine","authors":"N. Khumarova, Alina Krivenceva","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2022.6.1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Waste management is an important component of sustainable development of recreational and tourist regions. This determines the expediency of applying a system approach – in the context of determining the components of the waste management system, as well as information and organizational relationships between them; and an integrated approach – in view of the complexity of the object of study, namely the set of diverse economic, environmental, social and other factors mediated by waste management processes, and as a consequence, affecting the ecological status of the recreational and tourist region \u0000Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate the management of waste in the recreational and tourist region on the principles of sustainability and on the basis of complexity and system. \u0000Results. The article reveals the theoretical content of the provisions based on the application of systematic and integrated approaches in waste management at the regional level, in particular in recreational and tourist regions, which require stricter environmental policies. In view of the extensive nature of the current waste management system in Ukraine, which is reflected in the constant accumulation of production and consumption waste, with minimal action on their prevention and processing, the main element of the studied system is identified as transport and logistics component. Based on the development of a systems approach, it is proved that not only no less important, but also paramount is a detailed analysis of the relationships between elements of a particular economic, and even more economic and environmental system, compared to the analysis of the elements themselves. \u0000Conclusions. The article substantiates that along with a set of sustainable development indicators, the calculation of which in the absence of primary information is difficult, it is necessary to implement comprehensive development systems of the region and industries, including recreation and tourism, within its territory. The problem of waste and its rational transportation in recreational and tourist regions affects a large number of other important economic, environmental, social issues that should be solved comprehensively, without artificial abstraction from each other, which in practice usually ends in significant damage, where the “boomerang” will affect to all other elements. In solving the issue of responsible waste management the focus is on interrelated multi-purpose tasks, which require the involvement of expert assistance and clear coordination of actions of all participants involved or interested in this area.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85145187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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