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Speaker Independent Isolated Word Recognition based on ANOVA and IFS 基于方差分析和IFS的说话人独立孤立词识别
Saswati Debnath, Pinki Roy
A crucial step of speaker independent isolated word recognition is to extract meaningful information from speech signal. Speech signal contain meaningful acoustic features and selecting the significant and optimal features set is an important aspect to improve accuracy. This paper proposes a speaker independent isolated word recognition model by selecting optimal number of significant features. The proposed model consists of feature extraction, statistical analysis of feature and feature selection technique. We use 13th dimension of Mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) to extract acoustic features of speech signal and after that apply statistical analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and incremental feature selection (IFS) technique to investigate efficient features and to rank them accordingly. The objective of applying statistical analysis algorithm and feature selection technique on the cepstral feature is to improve the word recognition performance using significant features set. The experimental analysis is carried out using some machine learning techniques such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support vector machine (SVM) and Naive Bayes (NB) classifier. Performance of each individual classifier has been evaluated and described in this paper. From the experimental analysis it has been observed that ANOVA with feature selection technique provide better result for all the classifier as compared to selecting all MFCC feature. The aim of the proposed method is to select minimum significant features set that can improve the recognition rate and reduce the dimension. Recognition accuracy has been achieved using our own recorded English digit database.
从语音信号中提取有意义的信息是独立于说话人的孤立词识别的关键步骤。语音信号包含有意义的声学特征,选择有意义的最优特征集是提高准确率的重要方面。本文提出了一种独立于说话人的孤立词识别模型。该模型包括特征提取、特征统计分析和特征选择技术。我们利用第13维Mel频率倒谱系数(MFCC)提取语音信号的声学特征,然后应用统计分析、方差分析(ANOVA)和增量特征选择(IFS)技术寻找有效特征并对其进行排序。在倒谱特征上应用统计分析算法和特征选择技术的目的是利用显著特征集提高单词识别性能。利用人工神经网络(ANN)、支持向量机(SVM)和朴素贝叶斯(NB)分类器等机器学习技术进行实验分析。本文对每个分类器的性能进行了评估和描述。从实验分析中可以看出,与选择所有MFCC特征相比,带有特征选择技术的方差分析为所有分类器提供了更好的结果。该方法的目的是选择最小的显著特征集,以提高识别率和降维。使用我们自己录制的英文数字数据库实现了识别的准确性。
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引用次数: 2
Optimal Number of Quay Cranes in Container Terminals with Twin-40-Feet Quay Cranes 集装箱码头双40英尺码头起重机最优数量
Jingjing Yu, G. Tang, Da Li
To optimize the number of quay cranes in container terminals with twin-40-feet and common quay cranes, this paper first proposed an optimization model to minimize the total costs for container terminal operation. Then a queuing model for different berth throughout capacity is employed considering the characteristic of twin-40-feet quay crane operation and the random arrival of ships. And a quasi-birth-and death theory is introduced to obtain the values of system performance indicators. Finally, the proposed optimization model is applied in a container terminal, and the results prove the effectiveness and feasibility of this optimization model, which can provide a good reference for optimizing quay cranes planning.
针对双40英尺码头起重机和普通码头起重机的码头起重机数量优化问题,本文首先提出了一个以集装箱码头运营总成本最小为目标的优化模型。然后,考虑双40英尺码头吊车作业和船舶随机到达的特点,建立了不同泊位总容量的排队模型。在此基础上,引入了拟生与死理论求解系统性能指标的取值。最后,将所提出的优化模型应用于某集装箱码头,结果证明了该优化模型的有效性和可行性,可为优化码头起重机规划提供良好的参考。
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引用次数: 2
The User Acceptance Test of An "ICT Adoption for Education" Framework “资讯及通讯科技教育应用”架构的用户接受度测试
S. Nurjanah, H. Santoso, Z. Hasibuan
Improving the quality of education continuously and sustainably is the task of the whole communities, but in particular the government can take over the policy on the important components by providing the best support and contribution in order to improve the quality of education and achieve the expected Information and Communication Technology (ICT) adoption goals. This study conducts user acceptance test of ICT adoption framework in schools to ensure actual system use. In this context, school is a potential user of the framework to be assessed for its acceptance of the framework by exploring acceptance characteristics such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions which mapped into perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use. This test also has a behavior analysis part by using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) combination. This test is a research final phase in small scale representative sampling in order to strengthen future implementation plans. Involving about 60 schools to use the framework in the context of the preparation of adoption ICT in school. The result shows that average school responses revealed that the school administrators' lack of understanding identified needs and linked them to the intended objectives. It concludes that framework can be accepted with some suggestions.
持续不断地改善教育质素是全社会的责任,但政府尤其可以透过提供最佳的支援和贡献,来接管政策的重要组成部分,以改善教育质素,并达致预期的资讯及通讯科技应用目标。本研究在学校进行ICT采用框架的用户接受度测试,以确保系统的实际使用。在这种情况下,学校是框架的潜在用户,通过探索接受特征(如绩效预期、努力预期、社会影响和促进条件)来评估其对框架的接受程度,这些特征反映了感知有用性和感知易用性。本测试还采用技术接受模型(TAM)和技术接受与使用统一理论(UTAUT)相结合的方法进行行为分析部分。本试验是研究的最后阶段,在小规模的代表性抽样,以加强未来的实施计划。让约60所学校在准备在学校采用资讯及通讯科技方面使用该架构。结果表明,学校的平均反应表明,学校管理者缺乏对确定需求的理解,并将其与预期目标联系起来。结论认为该框架是可以接受的,并提出了一些建议。
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引用次数: 1
Mathematical Modeling the Irradiance of Multiple Upper-Room Ultraviolet Germicidal Fixtures for Airborne Pathogens Disinfection 多个上层房间紫外线杀菌装置对空气病原体消毒辐照度的数学建模
Yi Yang
Upper-room ultraviolet germicidal (UR-UVGI) fixture has been recommended as one of choices for preventing the transmission of the airborne pathogens in poor ventilated room. To theoretically predict the irradiance of multiple UR-UVGI fixtures is key importance for the practical evaluation of their disinfection efficiencies. In this study, a mathematical model based on the view factor approach from radiative heat transfer was developed to predict the irradiance of multiple UR-UVGI fixtures. In the model, the reflector and tedious fixture were simplified as a fictitious surface and the shading effect of the louvers was considered. The model was validated by the literature experiment case. It should be instrumental for the design of the UR-UVGI disinfection system.
在通风条件差的房间中,建议使用上层房间紫外线杀菌装置作为防止空气传播病原体的选择之一。从理论上预测多个uv - uvgi装置的辐照度对于实际评估其消毒效率至关重要。在本研究中,基于辐射传热的视角因子方法,建立了一个数学模型来预测多个UR-UVGI灯具的辐照度。该模型将反射面和繁琐的夹具简化为虚拟表面,并考虑百叶的遮阳效果。通过文献实验案例对模型进行了验证。对uvgi消毒系统的设计具有指导意义。
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引用次数: 0
Sensitivity Analysis of a Causality-Informed Genetic Programming Ensemble for Inferring Dynamical Systems 推理动力系统因果关系遗传规划集成的灵敏度分析
Hassan Abdelbari, Kamran Shafi
Dynamical system is a mathematical approach to model the non-linear dynamics of complex systems over space and time. A causality-informed genetic programming (GP) ensemble methodology has been proposed recently by the authors to automatically infer dynamical systems from system observations. The method adopts a variable decomposition approach relies on expert defined causal models. However, in practice these models are bound to have inconsistencies due to human involvement. Hence, in this paper we evaluate the sensitivity of the ensemble method to the accuracy of input causal models that are used as ground truth in the formation of the ensemble. This is done by varying the accuracy of known causal models through introducing deliberate noise in models' causal relationships. Three benchmark problems are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology where the output of different ensembles is compared with a standard GP algorithm. The empirical results show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in inferring closely matching target equations under different levels of noise and learning better models than the standard GP algorithm in most cases.
动力系统是一种模拟复杂系统在空间和时间上的非线性动力学的数学方法。最近,作者提出了一种基于因果关系的遗传规划(GP)集成方法,用于从系统观测中自动推断动力系统。该方法采用基于专家定义因果模型的变量分解方法。然而,在实践中,由于人类的参与,这些模型必然存在不一致性。因此,在本文中,我们评估了集成方法对输入因果模型的准确性的敏感性,这些模型在集成的形成中用作基础真理。这是通过在模型的因果关系中引入故意噪声来改变已知因果模型的准确性来实现的。使用三个基准问题来评估所提出方法的性能,其中不同集成的输出与标准GP算法进行了比较。实验结果表明,在不同噪声水平下,该方法在推断紧密匹配的目标方程方面是有效的,并且在大多数情况下比标准GP算法学习到更好的模型。
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引用次数: 0
Speech Quality Assessment Based on Virtual Instrumentation 基于虚拟仪器的语音质量评估
R. Martínek, R. Kahankova, P. Bilik, J. Nedoma, M. Fajkus, Petr Blaha
This paper introduces a program for objective and subjective evaluation of speech quality. Using this environment, a lot of speech recordings and various indoor and outdoor noises were processed. As a subjective speech evaluation method, the Dynamic time warping (DTW) method was selected, with PARCOR coefficients being chosen as symptom vectors. For the filtration of the noise in the recording, adaptive filtering based on LMS and RLS algorithms was used and the performance of the adaptive filtering was assessed. Similarity ranged from 70% to 95% for both algorithms. In terms of signal to noise ratio, the RLS algorithm ranged from 36 dB to 42 dB, while the LMS algorithm only varied from 20 dB to 29 dB.
本文介绍了一个语音质量的客观和主观评价程序。在这种环境下,对大量的语音录音和各种室内外噪声进行了处理。选择动态时间规整(DTW)方法作为主观语音评价方法,以PARCOR系数作为症状向量。对录音中的噪声进行滤波,采用了基于LMS和RLS算法的自适应滤波,并对自适应滤波的性能进行了评价。两种算法的相似度在70%到95%之间。在信噪比方面,RLS算法的范围为36 dB ~ 42 dB,而LMS算法的范围仅为20 dB ~ 29 dB。
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引用次数: 3
Dynamic Modeling of Discrete Event Simulation 离散事件仿真的动态建模
R. Ferro, Gabrielly A. Cordeiro, R. Ordóñez
This study shows the contribution of Discrete Event Simulation (DES) for improvement of statics production scheduling process in the environment of dynamic demand. Using simulation software - Tecnomatix Plant Simulation 13 ® by Siemens, makes it possible to structure a digital factory model. It defines and validates the operating logic of this model and enables the automatic reconfiguration of production planning. This virtual model represents the operations of eyewear industry starting from placing customer request till collecting final product. The primary purpose is to automate most of the production planning process and enable automatic execution in virtual settings, which will potentially guide the physical operation. The result is to provoke integration between production management systems with simulation tools, therefore increase productivity, reduce waste and improve the use of labor.
研究表明离散事件仿真(DES)对动态需求环境下静态生产调度过程改进的贡献。使用西门子的仿真软件Tecnomatix Plant simulation 13®,可以构建数字工厂模型。它定义并验证了该模型的操作逻辑,并使生产计划的自动重新配置成为可能。这个虚拟模型代表了眼镜行业从提出客户要求到收集最终产品的运作过程。其主要目的是实现大部分生产计划过程的自动化,并在虚拟环境中实现自动执行,这将潜在地指导物理操作。其结果是激发生产管理系统与仿真工具之间的集成,从而提高生产率,减少浪费并改善劳动力的使用。
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引用次数: 4
Study on Occlusion-induced Mechanical Force Distribution in Dental Pulp Using 3-D Modeling Based on Finite Element Analysis 基于三维有限元模型的牙髓咬合机械力分布研究
Anon Phanijjiva, C. Limjeerajarus, N. Limjeerajarus
The dental pulp plays an important role in maintaining the functional status of the tooth. Proper masticatory force helped maintaining the dental pulp vitality. However, the force distributed into the dental pulp could not be directly measured. Currently available simulation models were single unit and/or unrealistic in shape and dimension. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel real geometry of whole teeth 3D model based on the CT scan system and conducted static structural analyses using the finite element analysis (FEA). The developed model of the mandibular first molar consisted of multicomponent of enamel, dentin and dental pulp. The masticatory loading condition for simulation was performed in three conditions at the average biting force of 54.3 MPa. The results showed that the average occlusal pressure did not cause failure of the tooth components as the max Von Mises stress did not exceed its ultimate strength. Simulation results revealed that the average normal stresses at the peaks of the dental pulp was only 0.003 MPa, which was less than 1% of that exerted on the enamel.
牙髓在维持牙齿功能方面起着重要的作用。适当的咀嚼力有助于维持牙髓的活力。然而,分布在牙髓中的力无法直接测量。目前可用的仿真模型是单一单元和/或不现实的形状和尺寸。本研究的目的是建立基于CT扫描系统的全牙真实几何三维模型,并利用有限元分析(FEA)进行静力结构分析。所建立的下颌第一磨牙模型由牙釉质、牙本质和牙髓组成。模拟的咀嚼加载条件在平均咬合力为54.3 MPa的三种条件下进行。结果表明,平均咬合压力没有造成牙体构件的破坏,最大Von Mises应力没有超过其极限强度。模拟结果显示,牙髓峰值处的平均法向应力仅为0.003 MPa,不到牙釉质所受应力的1%。
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引用次数: 2
Speech Signal Processing using Microphones NI 9234 and LabVIEW 用ni9234麦克风和LabVIEW处理语音信号
R. Martínek, R. Kahankova, P. Bilik, J. Nedoma, M. Fajkus, M. Skacel
The paper deals with the speech processing and adaptive filtration. Introduced application is implemented in both online and offline mode in LabVIEW. The online mode program is used to create a database of speech recordings and various interferences from the outdoor environment as well as from the home. The offline application then serves to test adaptive algorithms for the needs of speech processing. The criterion for comparing the efficiency of individual algorithms is primarily to increase the signal to noise ratio. To test the filtration rate, a global SNR method was chosen.
本文主要研究语音处理和自适应滤波。本文介绍的应用程序在LabVIEW中以在线和离线两种方式实现。在线模式程序用于创建语音记录和来自室外环境以及来自家庭的各种干扰的数据库。然后,离线应用程序用于测试语音处理需要的自适应算法。比较各个算法效率的标准主要是提高信噪比。为了测试滤除率,我们选择了一种全局信噪比方法。
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引用次数: 3
Proposing novel measures to alleviate the risks of migration to open source software 提出新的措施来减轻迁移到开源软件的风险
Ehsan Noroozi, Habib Seifzadeh
Nowadays, companies and organizations pay more attention to the use of open source software. In this regard, organizations can benefit from the advantages of this kind of software, such as less cost and more flexibility. However, migration to open source software has its own risks, such as training of employee, lack of compatibility, and support. Reviewing numerous papers found in the literature, this study aims to collect a complete list of risks that may influence the open source migration process as much as possible. It also provides a new categorization of the risks by which each risk is classified based on its type (organizational, technical, and environmental), and its time of occurrence (before, during, and after migration). Moreover, this paper proposes a number of conceivable measures to mitigate each risk; some of them are proposed for the first time in this area of research. The results of this study can help organizations' decision makers to make better decisions in the open source migration process.
如今,公司和组织越来越关注开源软件的使用。在这方面,组织可以从这种软件的优势中获益,比如更少的成本和更多的灵活性。然而,迁移到开源软件有其自身的风险,例如员工培训、缺乏兼容性和支持。本研究回顾了在文献中发现的大量论文,旨在收集可能尽可能多地影响开源迁移过程的风险的完整列表。它还提供了一种新的风险分类,每个风险根据其类型(组织的、技术的和环境的)及其发生的时间(迁移之前、期间和之后)进行分类。此外,本文还提出了一些可想象的措施来减轻每种风险;其中一些是在该研究领域首次提出的。这项研究的结果可以帮助组织的决策者在开源迁移过程中做出更好的决策。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation
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