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Optimal power flow and grid frequency control of conventional and renewable energy source using evolutionary algorithm based FOPID controller
IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100676
Debodyuti Upadhaya , Soumen Biswas , Susanta Dutta , Anagha Bhattacharya
The primary objective of optimal power flow (OPF) in power systems is to minimize fuel expenses while simultaneously addressing several critical factors,including reducing transmission losses, minimizing voltage variations, and enhancing overall system stability. As the energy landscape evolves, the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the power grid has become increasingly important. In this research article, a study of Automatic Generation Control including RES to achieve cost optimization highlighting the advantages of GZA algorithm through a comprehensive study with other two evolutionary algorithm has been done. The research focuses on a three-area system integrating renewable energy sources – specifically solar, wind, and electric vehicles (EVs) – within a deregulated environment. While these sources can significantly reduce fuel costs associated with thermal power plants, they also introduce new challenges. Specifically, the variability and unpredictability of renewable energy can lead to increased frequency deviations due to changes in load inertia. This frequency deviation can disrupt the synchronization of the power system, potentially compromising stability and reliability. Detail study has been done in the simulation results for frequency deviation to achieve LFC, emphasizing performance metrics like overshoot, undershoot, and steady-state stability. Both traditional PID and FOPID controllers were evaluated for their effectiveness in managing frequency deviations.LFC ensures that the frequency of the power system remains within acceptable limits, particularly in a multi-area system where different regions may experience varying loads and generation capabilities. Effective frequency control is essential for maintaining the balance between generation and consumption, which is vital for the smooth operation of the grid. This innovative approach aims to enhance frequency regulation by effectively managing the dynamics introduced by the incorporation of renewable energy sources alongside traditional thermal power generation. The findings aim to demonstrate the effectiveness of the evolutionary algorithm GZA in enhancing the overall performance of multi-area power systems with diverse generation sources. By providing insights into the benefits of advanced control strategies, this study has been introduced a novel approach to simultaneously minimize costs and manage frequency deviations, marking a significant advancement in the field.
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the impacts of irrigation loads and capital subsidies on minigrids: A case study of Kenya
IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100675
Fhazhil Wamalwa , Reagan Wafula , Charles Kagiri
Minigrids offer a promising electrification solution for rural communities beyond the grid in developing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, their economic viability is hindered by low electricity demand which results in high minigrid tariffs as compared to centralized utilities. This underscores the need to explore technical and policy measures to achieve grid parity tariffs and hence energy access equity as well as accelerating rural electrification. Productive use of electricity (PUE) has potential to mitigate the low demand barrier and enhance minigrid viability. In this paper, we present an integrated modeling framework for determining the optimal subsidy needed to achieve grid parity for irrigation-anchored minigrids in SSA, with Kenya as a case study. We focus on irrigation due to the economic importance of agriculture in SSA as well as the high prevalence of farming activities in rural SSA. We estimate irrigation energy demand using projections from the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM) for 2020–2045 and formulate the minigrid model as a constrained optimization problem to minimize daily energy costs over a year with hourly resolution. The results from our techno-economic assessments show that incorporating irrigation loads in the minigrid operation can reduce their tariffs by up to 41%, with final results dependent on geographical location and the forecasted climate future scenarios. Sensitivity analysis indicates that a 50% subsidy is required to achieve grid parity in irrigation-anchored minigrids, while communal models (without irrigation as a PUE) require an estimated 75% capital subsidy to realize grid parity tariff. Our model and its results can be used as a high-level framework of reference when planning minigrids with irrigation loads in developing countries.
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引用次数: 0
A review of modelling tools for net-zero emission energy systems, based on model capabilities, modelling criteria and model availability
IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100659
Suleshini L. Samarasinghe , Mojtaba Moghimi , Prasad Kaparaju
Transformation of the energy sector to a safer, cleaner, and more economical business is increasingly becoming important, in an era in which many countries have pledged to meet net-zero emissions energy. The best possible strategy for this transformation of production, transportation and consumption of energy can be found by modelling the energy system using capable modelling tools and envisioning future needs ahead of time. There is great interest, but lack of information about these tools and trends in the literature. To fill this gap, the paper systematically overviews modelling capabilities, technical criteria and the usability of thirty energy modelling tools that are currently available. Results show that, selected tools cover satisfactory ranges of modelling resolution in time and space. Nevertheless, no single tool covers all, short-term, medium-term and long-term planning horizons over a local geographical area to global level. Moreover, state-of-the-art energy system modelling and insights on future energy modelling needs are also elaborated on in the paper. The challenges of cross-sector and cross-border modelling, uncertainty modelling and forward market modelling and plausible solutions for them are discussed. The paper can be used in aid of selecting a suitable tool for a specific energy modelling purpose and attaining insights on future modelling needs that are required to obtain carbon neutrality by 2050.
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引用次数: 0
Multi-objective optimization of a biogas-fired gas turbine incorporated with closed Brayton and ejector power/cooling co-generation cycles 封闭Brayton和引射功率/冷却热电联产循环的沼气燃气轮机多目标优化
IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100658
M. Zare, V. Zare, F. Talati
Fossil fuels have long been the primary source of energy for human consumption. However, with increasing population growth and industrialization, electricity demand continues to rise, necessitating a sustainable and clean energy supply to mitigate environmental damage and support global development. This research proposes a gas turbine-based power plant that utilizes renewable biogas as its fuel source. To enhance the plant’s efficiency, the gas turbine is integrated with a closed Brayton cycle, complemented by compressor intake cooling. This cooling process is achieved through a combined power and ejector refrigeration unit, which recovers waste heat from the gas turbine. The energy, exergy, and economic performance of the proposed plant are thoroughly analyzed, with exergy efficiency and unit product cost serving as the objective functions for multi-criteria optimization. The results demonstrate that compressor intake cooling improves both thermodynamic and economic performance under all operating conditions. At the optimal design point, the system with intake cooling achieves an exergy efficiency of 39.38%, compared to 33.64% for the system without it. Additionally, while the system with intake cooling requires higher initial investment, it offers lower unit product costs, making it a more economically viable option.
化石燃料长期以来一直是人类消费的主要能源来源。然而,随着人口增长和工业化,电力需求持续上升,需要可持续和清洁的能源供应,以减轻对环境的破坏,支持全球发展。这项研究提出了一种以燃气轮机为基础的发电厂,利用可再生的沼气作为燃料来源。为了提高电厂的效率,燃气轮机集成了一个封闭的布雷顿循环,辅以压缩机进气冷却。这个冷却过程是通过一个联合动力和喷射器制冷装置来实现的,该装置从燃气轮机中回收废热。以电厂的能源效率和单位产品成本为目标函数,对电厂的能源、能源和经济性能进行了全面的分析。结果表明,在所有工况下,进气冷却都能提高压缩机的热力学性能和经济性。在最佳设计点,带进气冷却系统的火用效率为39.38%,而不带进气冷却系统的火用效率为33.64%。此外,虽然进气冷却系统需要更高的初始投资,但它提供了更低的单位产品成本,使其成为更经济可行的选择。
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引用次数: 0
PyPSA-BD: A customized model to explore decarbonized energy transition for developing country PyPSA-BD:探索发展中国家脱碳能源转型的定制模型
IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100655
Firuz Ahamed Nahid , Joyashree Roy
This article provides high-resolution, evidence-based insights towards power sector planning for a developing country. We consider the PyPSA-BD model as a cutting-edge contribution as it’s a fully customized adaptation of PyPSA-Earth for Bangladesh to identify challenges and opportunities for transitioning to a decarbonized power system through counterfactual validation of inputs from national official statistics with a spatial resolution of 30km x 30km and an hourly temporal resolution. Its open-source framework is helpful for future researchers and decision-makers in developing countries like Bangladesh to develop more scenarios to answer any policy-relevant questions as per national need. With 2019 as a reference year, scenarios for 2030, 2041, and 2050 align with national renewable energy integration and decarbonization targets revealing cost-effective generation expansions, diversification of installed capacity through renewable energy penetration, net employment generation, additional land and investment requirement. Model results show that the 2019 installed capacity of 18.94 GW will grow to 61.45 GW by 2030, 102.36 GW by 2041, and 281.52 GW by 2050. By 2050, a storage capacity of 28.5 GW will be required to maintain grid stability. This transition could create approximately 6.7 million jobs and reduce generation costs to 7.63 BDT/kWh by 2050, requiring 3690.85 sq.km of land. Achieving these outcomes will demand an annual investment of approximately 1.99% of Bangladesh’s 2023 GDP from 2025, underscoring the need for national and international finance mobilization. The results guide policymakers to develop sustainable energy transition strategies for Bangladesh that provide power supply security at both spatial and temporal scale.
这篇文章为发展中国家的电力部门规划提供了高分辨率的、基于证据的见解。我们认为PyPSA-BD模型是一项前沿贡献,因为它是孟加拉国对PyPSA-Earth的完全定制化适应,通过对国家官方统计数据(空间分辨率为30公里× 30公里,每小时时间分辨率)的输入进行反事实验证,确定向脱碳电力系统过渡的挑战和机遇。它的开源框架有助于孟加拉国等发展中国家未来的研究人员和决策者根据国家需要开发更多的场景来回答任何与政策相关的问题。以2019年为参考年,2030年、2041年和2050年的情景与国家可再生能源整合和脱碳目标保持一致,揭示了具有成本效益的发电扩张、通过可再生能源渗透实现装机容量多样化、净就业、额外的土地和投资需求。模型结果显示,2019年的装机容量为18.94 GW,到2030年将增长到61.45 GW,到2041年将增长到102.36 GW,到2050年将增长到281.52 GW。到2050年,将需要28.5吉瓦的储能容量来维持电网的稳定。到2050年,这一转变将创造约670万个就业岗位,并将发电成本降至7.63 BDT/kWh,所需面积为3690.85平方英尺。千米的土地。实现这些成果需要从2025年起每年投资约占孟加拉国2023年GDP的1.99%,这凸显了动员国内和国际资金的必要性。研究结果指导决策者为孟加拉国制定可持续能源转型战略,在空间和时间尺度上提供电力供应安全。
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引用次数: 0
Transition to a 100% renewable grid for a remote island: A case study of Tsushima Island, Japan 偏远岛屿向100%可再生电网的过渡:日本对马岛的案例研究
IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100657
Alireza Tavana , Tatchaphon Leelaprachakul , Soo-Bin Kim , Daisuke Tokuda
Remote islands face unique challenges in achieving carbon neutrality. These islands typically depend on imported fossil fuels, operate independently of larger grids, and experience high electricity costs. Furthermore, limited access to reliable data complicates efforts to design effective energy solutions. Tsushima Island, Japan, exemplifies these challenges. Through a comprehensive analysis informed by a site visit, this study explores the island’s energy landscape and identifies viable renewable resources. Two transition scenarios are proposed to achieve a 100% renewable energy system, addressing key issues such as energy security and sustainability. The findings demonstrate that a complete renewable energy transition is possible, providing a replicable model for other remote islands worldwide.
偏远岛屿在实现碳中和方面面临着独特的挑战。这些岛屿通常依赖进口化石燃料,独立于大型电网运行,电费高昂。此外,获得可靠数据的机会有限,使设计有效能源解决方案的努力复杂化。日本对马岛就是这些挑战的例证。通过实地考察的综合分析,本研究探索了该岛的能源景观,并确定了可行的可再生资源。为了实现100%的可再生能源系统,提出了两种过渡方案,解决了能源安全和可持续性等关键问题。研究结果表明,完全的可再生能源转型是可能的,为全球其他偏远岛屿提供了可复制的模式。
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引用次数: 0
Renewable hydrogen systems for a sustainable heavy-duty mobility: The Italian case 可再生氢气系统促进重型车辆的可持续发展:意大利案例
IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100656
Daniele Daminelli, Luciano Masotti, Silvia Corigliano
This study offers a detailed economic and technical assessment of renewable hydrogen production, storage, and utilisation for heavy-duty transport in Italy. To achieve the initial targets set by the national hydrogen strategy for 2030, the heavy-duty fleet will require 3.6 GW of variable renewables, 1 GW of electrolyzers. The findings reveal that the Levelized Cost of renewable hydrogen varies based on system configurations, the mix of variable renewables, and electricity market zones. Specifically, hydrogen cost ranges from 7.5 €/kgH2 for grid-connected plants in market zones with high renewable electricity share, to 18.6 €/kgH2 for hydrogen plants connected to solar photovoltaic in the Northern zone. The South of Italy, Sicily, and Sardinia are the most suitable and cost effective zones for hydrogen production. However, low local demand projection necessitate network infrastructure investments to enable zonal transfer and prevent congestion risks.
本研究对意大利重型交通工具的可再生氢气生产、储存和利用进行了详细的经济和技术评估。为实现国家氢战略设定的 2030 年初步目标,重型车辆将需要 3.6 千兆瓦的可变可再生能源和 1 千兆瓦的电解槽。研究结果表明,可再生氢气的平准化成本因系统配置、可变可再生能源组合和电力市场区域而异。具体而言,在可再生能源电力占比较高的市场区域,并网发电厂的制氢成本为 7.5 欧元/千克水,而在北部区域,与太阳能光伏发电相连的制氢厂的制氢成本为 18.6 欧元/千克水。意大利南部、西西里岛和撒丁岛是最适合制氢且成本效益最高的地区。然而,由于当地需求预测较低,因此有必要进行网络基础设施投资,以实现分区传输并防止拥堵风险。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal operation of a residential energy hub participating in electricity and heat markets 参与电力和热力市场的住宅能源中心的优化运行
IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100646
Mehdi Davoudi , Moein Moeini-Aghtaie , Mahdi Mehrtash
The integration of electricity and heat networks provides significant benefits by enhancing system flexibility and improving overall energy efficiency. Energy hubs play an important role in these interconnected systems, facilitating the production, conversion, and storage of energy across different forms. Potential flexible loads that may exist in an energy hub can further optimize its resource utilization and operational stability. In this respect, this paper addresses the day-ahead energy management of a residential complex modeled as an energy hub, incorporating medium-scale generation and storage units, as well as must-run and flexible loads. We also consider energy hub operator’s energy transactions in power distribution system and district heating and aim to obtain the optimal bidding strategy of this profit-driven agent. The negotiations among the energy hub operator, distribution system operator, and district heat network operator are modeled as a single-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game. A Nash Equilibrium of this game can be obtained by modeling the interactions among players as a bi-level optimization problem. The lower-level problems account for multi-period optimal power flow, modeled as an exact AC optimal power flow, and multi-period optimal thermal flow. The upper-level problem models the energy management of the energy hub. Replacing the lower-level problems with their optimality conditions, the optimal bidding of the energy hub operator can be obtained by solving the resulted mixed-integer linear programming problem as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints. Finally, we numerically evaluate the proposed framework in a case study for a large residential complex participating in a power distribution and a heat network.
电力和热力网络的整合通过增强系统灵活性和提高整体能效而带来巨大效益。能源枢纽在这些互联系统中发挥着重要作用,可促进不同形式能源的生产、转换和储存。能源枢纽中可能存在的潜在灵活负载可进一步优化其资源利用率和运行稳定性。在这方面,本文探讨了以能源枢纽为模型的住宅综合体的日前能源管理问题,其中包括中等规模的发电和储能装置,以及必须运行的负载和灵活负载。我们还考虑了能源枢纽运营商在配电系统和区域供热中的能源交易,并旨在获得这个利润驱动型代理的最优投标策略。能源枢纽运营商、配电系统运营商和区域供热网络运营商之间的谈判被模拟为单领导者多追随者的斯塔克尔伯格博弈。通过将参与者之间的互动建模为一个双层优化问题,可以获得该博弈的纳什均衡。下层问题涉及多期最优电力流(建模为精确交流最优电力流)和多期最优热力流。上层问题模拟能源中心的能源管理。将下层问题与它们的最优性条件进行替换,就可以通过将所得到的混合整数线性规划问题作为带有均衡约束的数学程序来求解,从而得到能源枢纽运营商的最优投标。最后,我们以一个参与配电和供热网络的大型住宅群为例,对所提出的框架进行了数值评估。
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引用次数: 0
Fueling Costa Rica’s green hydrogen future: A financial roadmap for global leadership 为哥斯达黎加的绿色氢能未来提供燃料:全球领先的金融路线图
IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100651
Andrea Navarro Jiménez , Huaili Zheng
This study evaluates the financial viability and scalability of green hydrogen production in Costa Rica, focusing on solar and wind energy. The research analyzes seven key provinces using Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and wind speed data to assess energy potential. Monte Carlo simulations were employed to calculate the Net Present Value (NPV), hydrogen production costs, and economic sustainability over multiple project lifetimes. Guanacaste, with solar irradiance of 5.49 kWh/m2/day and wind speeds of 6.59 m/s, emerges as the most favorable region. The analysis reveals an NPV of $1,519.79 USD for onshore wind and $2,320.24 USD for offshore wind over 10 years. These values increase significantly for longer lifetimes, with 25-year NPVs of $3,687.40 USD for onshore wind and $5,890.72 USD for offshore wind, and 50-year NPVs reaching $7,456.21 USD and $11,560.38 USD, respectively. Hydrogen production costs are estimated at $49,696.75 USD from solar and $14,923.19 USD from wind energy. Despite its potential, high costs remain a challenge, requiring policy incentives, international cooperation, and green bonds to drive down costs and scale production. The study offers crucial insights for policymakers, investors, and researchers to support Costa Rica’s leadership in the global green hydrogen economy.
本研究评估了哥斯达黎加绿色制氢的财务可行性和可扩展性,重点关注太阳能和风能。研究利用全球水平辐照度 (GHI) 和风速数据分析了七个主要省份的能源潜力。采用蒙特卡罗模拟法计算了净现值 (NPV)、制氢成本以及多个项目生命周期内的经济可持续性。瓜纳卡斯特的太阳能辐照度为 5.49 千瓦时/平方米/天,风速为 6.59 米/秒,是最有利的地区。分析表明,陆上风电 10 年的净现值为 1,519.79 美元,海上风电为 2,320.24 美元。寿命越长,净现值越高,陆上风能 25 年的净现值为 3,687.40 美元,海上风能为 5,890.72 美元,50 年的净现值分别为 7,456.21 美元和 11,560.38 美元。太阳能制氢成本估计为 49,696.75 美元,风能制氢成本估计为 14,923.19 美元。尽管氢能具有潜力,但高成本仍然是一个挑战,需要政策激励、国际合作和绿色债券来降低成本和扩大生产规模。该研究为政策制定者、投资者和研究人员提供了重要的见解,以支持哥斯达黎加在全球绿色氢能经济中的领导地位。
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引用次数: 0
Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions assessment: converting an early retirement coal-fired power plant to a biomass power plant 生命周期温室气体排放评估:将提前退役的燃煤发电厂改造为生物质发电厂
IF 4.2 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100643
Irhan Febijanto , Nadirah Nadirah , Rosmeika , Nugroho A.S , Arli Guardi , A.I. Yanuar , H. Bahua , R. Herdioso , A.L.S.M. Sihombing , I.M.A.D. Susila , B. Rustianto , I.Z. Kurniawati , M. Soleh , T. Sugeng
Decommissioning aging coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) represents an effective strategy for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, accelerating energy mix diversification, and achieving nationally determined contributions and net-zero emissions targets. However, dismantling the CFPP and building a renewable energy-based power plant with a capacity equal to a dismantled CFPP could burden state finances. Therefore, converting coal to 100% biomass fuel in the aging CFPP is one of the proposals that needs to be studied. This study conducted an environmental assessment concerning the Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas (LC GHG) emissions, encompassing raw material extraction and power plant operation. Five scenarios were analyzed. Two scenarios related to using sawdust and agroforestry residue for biomass fuel in the aging CFPP. The other three scenarios used biomass fuel from Calliandra wood harvested from tropical forests, production forests, and marginal land, which produced GHG emissions from Land Use Change (LUC). This study demonstrates that sawdust and agroforestry residue can reduce global warming impacts compared to coal. The LUC in higher carbon stock land will increase global warming impacts, while the LUC in lower carbon stock land will reduce global warming impacts. A decrease in the aging CFPP efficiency, when coal is converted to 100% biomass, will cause an increase in global warming impacts.
拆除老化的燃煤发电厂 (CFPP) 是减少温室气体 (GHG) 排放、加快能源结构多样化、实现国家确定的贡献和净零排放目标的有效战略。然而,拆除 CFPP 并建设一座容量与拆除的 CFPP 相当的可再生能源发电厂可能会给国家财政造成负担。因此,在老化的 CFPP 中将煤炭转换为 100% 的生物质燃料是需要研究的建议之一。本研究对生命周期温室气体(LC GHG)排放进行了环境评估,包括原材料提取和发电厂运行。共分析了五种方案。两个方案涉及在老化的 CFPP 中使用锯末和农林残渣作为生物质燃料。其他三个方案使用从热带森林、生产林和贫瘠土地上采伐的 Calliandra 木材作为生物质燃料,这产生了土地利用变化 (LUC) 带来的温室气体排放。这项研究表明,与煤炭相比,锯末和农林业残留物可以减少对全球变暖的影响。碳储量较高的土地利用变化会增加对全球变暖的影响,而碳储量较低的土地利用变化则会减少对全球变暖的影响。当煤炭转化为 100% 生物质时,老化 CFPP 效率的降低将导致全球变暖影响的增加。
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引用次数: 0
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