The development of power systems requires smart grids to facilitate real-time control and monitoring using bilateral communications across the power grid. With the implementation of a distributed structure, smart grids will be highly reliable, efficient, and secure, as well as affordable in terms of power management. With the expansion of the power grid at the level of distribution and the smarter equipment used by the shareholders, it is necessary to consider measures to balance production and consumption and to optimize the consumer pattern. One of these approaches is the use of demand-side management programs, in which the system operator seeks to optimize the coordination between production units, storage units, and consumption loads in a way that achieves maximum social welfare. This article attempts to present models for planning a demand-side management program that is presented in the presence of new cloud computing technologies. The model proposed is based on the use of storage units and will be able, in addition to covering uncertainty in renewable production, to customize energy reserves and computational capacity in a way that brings the lowest operating costs.
{"title":"Demand side management programs in smart grid through cloud computing","authors":"Mostafa Azimi Nasab , Mohsen Hatami , Mohammad Zand , Morteza Azimi Nasab , Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of power systems requires smart grids to facilitate real-time control and monitoring using bilateral communications across the power grid. With the implementation of a distributed structure, smart grids will be highly reliable, efficient, and secure, as well as affordable in terms of power management. With the expansion of the power grid at the level of distribution and the smarter equipment used by the shareholders, it is necessary to consider measures to balance production and consumption and to optimize the consumer pattern. One of these approaches is the use of demand-side management programs, in which the system operator seeks to optimize the coordination between production units, storage units, and consumption loads in a way that achieves maximum social welfare. This article attempts to present models for planning a demand-side management program that is presented in the presence of new cloud computing technologies. The model proposed is based on the use of storage units and will be able, in addition to covering uncertainty in renewable production, to customize energy reserves and computational capacity in a way that brings the lowest operating costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100639"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100649
Hernández-López Daniela-Abigail , Marisela I. Vega-De-Lille , Julio C. Sacramento-Rivero , Carmen Ponce-Caballero , Amina El-Mekaoui , Freddy Navarro-Pineda
This research study addresses the growing environmental concerns associated with solar photovoltaic (PV) systems which is a pivotal component of renewable energy transition. The primary objective is to advance the comprehension of the environmental sustainability of solar PV technology, with a specific focus on the context of Mexico. This study applies a life cycle assessment (LCA) framework, employing an up-to-date methodology (ReCiPe 2016) and database (Ecoinvent 3.8) for midpoint and endpoint indicators in this problem by considering a specific focus on end-of-life and transportation scenarios which have been absent in the current state-of-the-art research. An LCA approach bridges the gap between midpoint and end-point indicators, bringing transparency to the environmental impact assessment. This research entails a cradle-to-grave LCA of a 1 kW crystalline silicon solar panel over a 25-year lifespan while adapting to ISO 14044 standards for LCA and encompassing both midpoint and end-point indicators, specifically including end-of-life and transportation scenario. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the variations in environmental indicators considering the life-cycle data. It is reported that recycling processes can cause a substantial mitigating effect on environmental impacts across multiple categories, leading to reductions of up to 89 % in mineral resource scarcity. Notably, the cell processing phase emerges as the most environmentally impactful stage, accounting for 37 % of the total impact. This high impact is predominantly attributed to silver usage and heightened electricity consumption. The sensitivity analysis revealed that various performance indicators exhibited differing degrees of sensitivity to uncertainty in the design variables, highlighting the importance of careful consideration, particularly in addressing the impact on the ecosystem, when aiming to reduce environmental impacts in the life cycle of silicon solar panels. Our results have also indicated that transportation significantly impacts resource protection, accounting for 15 % of the total impacts in this category, with lesser yet notable contributions to ecosystems and human health. The implications of this work suggest a need for stringent policies to fabricate complete solar photovoltaic modules in Mexico to reduce the environmental burden caused by transportation. Additionally, the insights from this study offer a gateway for the Mexican government to reform current energy transition policies by including multiple recycling scenarios for solar photovoltaic systems, ultimately leading to sustainable growth in this market.
{"title":"Life cycle assessment of photovoltaic panels including transportation and two end-of-life scenarios: Shaping a sustainable future for renewable energy","authors":"Hernández-López Daniela-Abigail , Marisela I. Vega-De-Lille , Julio C. Sacramento-Rivero , Carmen Ponce-Caballero , Amina El-Mekaoui , Freddy Navarro-Pineda","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research study addresses the growing environmental concerns associated with solar photovoltaic (PV) systems which is a pivotal component of renewable energy transition. The primary objective is to advance the comprehension of the environmental sustainability of solar PV technology, with a specific focus on the context of Mexico. This study applies a life cycle assessment (LCA) framework, employing an up-to-date methodology (ReCiPe 2016) and database (Ecoinvent 3.8) for midpoint and endpoint indicators in this problem by considering a specific focus on end-of-life and transportation scenarios which have been absent in the current state-of-the-art research. An LCA approach bridges the gap between midpoint and end-point indicators, bringing transparency to the environmental impact assessment. This research entails a cradle-to-grave LCA of a 1 kW crystalline silicon solar panel over a 25-year lifespan while adapting to ISO 14044 standards for LCA and encompassing both midpoint and end-point indicators, specifically including end-of-life and transportation scenario. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the variations in environmental indicators considering the life-cycle data. It is reported that recycling processes can cause a substantial mitigating effect on environmental impacts across multiple categories, leading to reductions of up to 89 % in mineral resource scarcity. Notably, the cell processing phase emerges as the most environmentally impactful stage, accounting for 37 % of the total impact. This high impact is predominantly attributed to silver usage and heightened electricity consumption. The sensitivity analysis revealed that various performance indicators exhibited differing degrees of sensitivity to uncertainty in the design variables, highlighting the importance of careful consideration, particularly in addressing the<!--> <!-->impact on the<!--> <!-->ecosystem, when aiming to reduce environmental impacts in the life cycle of silicon solar panels. Our results have also indicated that transportation significantly impacts resource protection, accounting for 15 % of the total impacts in this category, with lesser yet notable contributions to ecosystems and human health. The implications of this work suggest a need for stringent policies to fabricate complete solar photovoltaic modules in Mexico to reduce the environmental burden caused by transportation. Additionally, the insights from this study offer a gateway for the Mexican government to reform current energy transition policies by including multiple recycling scenarios for solar photovoltaic systems, ultimately leading to sustainable growth in this market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100649"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100642
Raghunathan Krishankumar , Fatih Ecer , Sema Kayapınar Kaya , Witold Pedrycz
As a viable alternative to traditional energy forms, hydrogen energy proves effective owing to its feasible cost and reduced pollution. The storage of such a renewable energy source is essential for ensuring energy security and promoting sustainability. However, earlier studies on energy storage technology (EST) selection cannot handle complex linguistic expressions and hesitation during the decision process. Motivated by the issue, a probabilistic linguistic decision approach is developed in the present study to model linguistic expressions in daily conversations effectively. Besides, a new integrated approach is introduced by considering the regret factor for expert weight determination, weighted Cronbach’s approach for criteria weight determination, and a novel ranking procedure with a weighted approximation for prioritizing ESTs. A case example is exemplified by considering nine criteria and six ESTs to clarify the usefulness and practicality of the proposed framework. The main novelty/benefits of the study are: (i) handle uncertainty better; (ii) capture interrelationship among criteria; (iii) reduce bias by methodically determining the importance of experts; and (iv) provide a personalized ranking of ESTs. Findings depict that total cost is the foremost driver for hydrogen EST selection, while pressure cylinder storage is the most viable technology. Finally, the benefits and usefulness of the study are realized through sensitivity and comparison analyses. This study can guide and assist energy officials, academicians, governments, and other stakeholders facing hydrogen EST selection issues.
作为传统能源形式的可行替代品，氢能因其成本低廉和减少污染而被证明是有效的。储存这种可再生能源对于确保能源安全和促进可持续发展至关重要。然而，早期关于储能技术（EST）选择的研究无法处理复杂的语言表达和决策过程中的犹豫不决。受这一问题的启发，本研究开发了一种概率语言决策方法，以有效模拟日常对话中的语言表达。此外，本研究还引入了一种新的综合方法，即在确定专家权重时考虑遗憾因素，在确定标准权重时考虑克朗巴赫加权方法，以及在确定 EST 优先级时考虑加权近似的新型排序程序。通过考虑九项标准和六项 EST，举例说明了拟议框架的有用性和实用性。这项研究的主要新颖性/优势在于(i) 更好地处理不确定性；(ii) 捕获标准之间的相互关系；(iii) 通过有条不紊地确定专家的重要性来减少偏差；以及 (iv) 提供个性化的 EST 排序。研究结果表明，总成本是选择氢气 EST 的首要驱动因素，而压力罐储存是最可行的技术。最后，通过敏感性分析和比较分析，研究的益处和实用性得以体现。这项研究可以为能源官员、学者、政府和其他面临氢能 EST 选择问题的利益相关者提供指导和帮助。
{"title":"Hydrogen energy storage technology selection through a cutting-edge probabilistic linguistic decision framework","authors":"Raghunathan Krishankumar , Fatih Ecer , Sema Kayapınar Kaya , Witold Pedrycz","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a viable alternative to traditional energy forms, hydrogen energy proves effective owing to its feasible cost and reduced pollution. The storage of such a renewable energy source is essential for ensuring energy security and promoting sustainability. However, earlier studies on energy storage technology (EST) selection cannot handle complex linguistic expressions and hesitation during the decision process. Motivated by the issue, a probabilistic linguistic decision approach is developed in the present study to model linguistic expressions in daily conversations effectively. Besides, a new integrated approach is introduced by considering the regret factor for expert weight determination, weighted Cronbach’s approach for criteria weight determination, and a novel ranking procedure with a weighted approximation for prioritizing ESTs. A case example is exemplified by considering nine criteria and six ESTs to clarify the usefulness and practicality of the proposed framework. The main novelty/benefits of the study are: (i) handle uncertainty better; (ii) capture interrelationship among criteria; (iii) reduce bias by methodically determining the importance of experts; and (iv) provide a personalized ranking of ESTs. Findings depict that total cost is the foremost driver for hydrogen EST selection, while pressure cylinder storage is the most viable technology. Finally, the benefits and usefulness of the study are realized through sensitivity and comparison analyses. This study can guide and assist energy officials, academicians, governments, and other stakeholders facing hydrogen EST selection issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100642"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100640
Malcolm Isaac Fernandez , Yun Ii Go , M. L. Dennis Wong , Wolf-Gerrit Früh
As Malaysia confronts complex challenges of meeting growing energy demands and reducing carbon emissions, the RE transition has become a critical focus for achieving a low-carbon future. This review paper comprehensively evaluates energy transition roadmaps, journal articles, legislative acts, policies, and government initiatives about Malaysia’s commitment towards attaining net zero. The study underscores the pivotal role of collaboration among civil society, government entities, private sectors, and international partners in propelling Malaysia towards a cleaner national energy system. Based on the SWOT-PESTEL analysis, the key findings from this review paper reveal that while Malaysia’s RE transition benefits from supportive policies, economic incentives, and technological advancements, challenges such as financial barriers, public engagement, and regulatory gaps must be addressed. To attain net zero emissions in Malaysia, policy implications are suggested in this paper promoting economic shifts to RE, regulating urban and financial practices for environmental benefits, enhancing forest conservation, investing in energy storage and grid infrastructure, optimising cross-border energy planning, centralising biomass logistics, adopting energy efficiency measures, expanding CCUS technologies, developing decentralised EV charging stations powered by RE, and more. This review paper contributes to the discourse on Malaysia’s energy transition and is a valuable reference for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders in the energy sector of Malaysia.
{"title":"Malaysia’s energy transition and readiness towards attaining net zero: review of the potential, constraints, and enablers","authors":"Malcolm Isaac Fernandez , Yun Ii Go , M. L. Dennis Wong , Wolf-Gerrit Früh","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As Malaysia confronts complex challenges of meeting growing energy demands and reducing carbon emissions, the RE transition has become a critical focus for achieving a low-carbon future. This review paper comprehensively evaluates energy transition roadmaps, journal articles, legislative acts, policies, and government initiatives about Malaysia’s commitment towards attaining net zero. The study underscores the pivotal role of collaboration among civil society, government entities, private sectors, and international partners in propelling Malaysia towards a cleaner national energy system. Based on the SWOT-PESTEL analysis, the key findings from this review paper reveal that while Malaysia’s RE transition benefits from supportive policies, economic incentives, and technological advancements, challenges such as financial barriers, public engagement, and regulatory gaps must be addressed. To attain net zero emissions in Malaysia, policy implications are suggested in this paper promoting economic shifts to RE, regulating urban and financial practices for environmental benefits, enhancing forest conservation, investing in energy storage and grid infrastructure, optimising cross-border energy planning, centralising biomass logistics, adopting energy efficiency measures, expanding CCUS technologies, developing decentralised EV charging stations powered by RE, and more. This review paper contributes to the discourse on Malaysia’s energy transition and is a valuable reference for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders in the energy sector of Malaysia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100640"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the recent global energy crisis, some countries have implemented electrical rationing (ER), making it necessary for smart homes to play a pivotal role in optimizing energy consumption and contributing to sustainable practices. To effectively manage smart home consumption, a stochastic programming approach for a grid-connected smart home energy management system (SHEMS) is proposed in this paper. The system includes PV, battery, diesel, and gas-based heating/cooling systems (HCS). Additionally, a demand response program (DRP) has been employed under time-of-use tariffs in the Syrian energy market. The main objective is to minimize the day-ahead expected cost and consumer discomfort by optimizing the operation of dispatchable units and loads. To manage the risks associated with the expected cost due to potential uncertainties in PV energy generation and electrical rationing programs, the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) approach is adopted. Two methods are proposed to model the uncertainty in PV energy generation; interval bands and interval-based scenarios. The problem is modeled as a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model, and coded in GAMS to test different cases. Based on the results obtained, substantial reductions reached 56.2% in worst-case cost scenarios when employing concurrent DRP-risk management.
{"title":"Day-ahead multi-criteria energy management of a smart home under different electrical rationing scenarios","authors":"Haala Haj Issa , Moein Abedini , Mohsen Hamzeh , Amjad Anvari−Moghaddam","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the recent global energy crisis, some countries have implemented electrical rationing (ER), making it necessary for smart homes to play a pivotal role in optimizing energy consumption and contributing to sustainable practices. To effectively manage smart home consumption, a stochastic programming approach for a grid-connected smart home energy management system (SHEMS) is proposed in this paper. The system includes PV, battery, diesel, and gas-based heating/cooling systems (HCS). Additionally, a demand response program (DRP) has been employed under time-of-use tariffs in the Syrian energy market. The main objective is to minimize the day-ahead expected cost and consumer discomfort by optimizing the operation of dispatchable units and loads. To manage the risks associated with the expected cost due to potential uncertainties in PV energy generation and electrical rationing programs, the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) approach is adopted. Two methods are proposed to model the uncertainty in PV energy generation; interval bands and interval-based scenarios. The problem is modeled as a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model, and coded in GAMS to test different cases. Based on the results obtained, substantial reductions reached 56.2% in worst-case cost scenarios when employing concurrent DRP-risk management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100647"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100636
Abba Lawan Bukar , Babangida Modu , Md Pauzi Abdullah , Mukhtar Fatihu Hamza , Suleiman Z. Almutairi
Peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading has become the next generation of energy management strategies that economically benefits prosumers by trading electricity as goods and services. The P2P electricity market is expected to support the grid to minimize reserve requirements, lower investment and operational costs, reduce peak demand, and improve reliability. This study proposes a peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading framework for an autonomous DC microgrid. The motivation is to overcome several issues related to P2P reported in the literature: the lack of physical microgrid modeling, absence of an energy management system (EMS) before the P2P trading simulation, and full autonomy of P2P participants. To address these shortcomings, a framework that integrates physical layer (modeling of the microgrid), information layer (EMS), and application layer (P2P trading scheme) is suggested. The P2P market clearance utilizes a non-cooperative game theory incorporating the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. To demonstrate the proposed framework, the P2P trading of four households (prosumers) that consists of rooftop PV, local energy storage (LES), and independent community energy storage (CES) is simulated. The objective is to prove the effectiveness of P2P trading in comparison with a framework without it. The MATLAB simulation results show that the system that utilizes P2P trading can reduce the daily overall cost of energy by 47.48 %, that is, from $28.85 (without P2P) to $15.15 (with P2P). This study demonstrated the benefits of P2P energy trading for prosumers and promoted the development of the energy market.
{"title":"Peer-to-peer energy trading framework for an autonomous DC microgrid using game theoretic approach","authors":"Abba Lawan Bukar , Babangida Modu , Md Pauzi Abdullah , Mukhtar Fatihu Hamza , Suleiman Z. Almutairi","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading has become the next generation of energy management strategies that economically benefits prosumers by trading electricity as goods and services. The P2P electricity market is expected to support the grid to minimize reserve requirements, lower investment and operational costs, reduce peak demand, and improve reliability. This study proposes a peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading framework for an autonomous DC microgrid. The motivation is to overcome several issues related to P2P reported in the literature: the lack of physical microgrid modeling, absence of an energy management system (EMS) before the P2P trading simulation, and full autonomy of P2P participants. To address these shortcomings, a framework that integrates physical layer (modeling of the microgrid), information layer (EMS), and application layer (P2P trading scheme) is suggested. The P2P market clearance utilizes a non-cooperative game theory incorporating the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. To demonstrate the proposed framework, the P2P trading of four households (prosumers) that consists of rooftop PV, local energy storage (LES), and independent community energy storage (CES) is simulated. The objective is to prove the effectiveness of P2P trading in comparison with a framework without it. The MATLAB simulation results show that the system that utilizes P2P trading can reduce the daily overall cost of energy by 47.48 %, that is<em>,</em> from $28.85 (without P2P) to $15.15 (with P2P). This study demonstrated the benefits of P2P energy trading for prosumers and promoted the development of the energy market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100636"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100653
Iias Faiud, Michael Schukat, Karl Mason
The agricultural sector faces increasing pressure to enhance energy efficiency in light of escalating electricity costs. This study aims to simulate the adoption of photovoltaic (PV) systems in Ireland’s dairy sector using an agent-based modeling (ABM) approach to facilitate PV uptake among dairy farmers. The model incorporates factors such as grid energy costs, annual electricity consumption, annual solar generation, PV cost, and maintenance expenses to predict PV adoption likelihood. Findings reveal that by 2022, about 2.41% of Irish dairy farmers had adopted PV systems, a figure only 0.41 pp higher than the actual observed rate, validating the ABM’s accuracy. Additionally, the research forecasts future adoption rates of PV systems among dairy farmers, demonstrating the efficacy of ABM in understanding and predicting renewable energy uptake in the dairy sector. These insights can inform policy suggestions to promote renewable energy adoption, ultimately enhancing energy efficiency and sustainability in dairy sector.
{"title":"An agent-based modeling approach for simulating solar PV adoption: A case study of Irish dairy farms","authors":"Iias Faiud, Michael Schukat, Karl Mason","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The agricultural sector faces increasing pressure to enhance energy efficiency in light of escalating electricity costs. This study aims to simulate the adoption of photovoltaic (PV) systems in Ireland’s dairy sector using an agent-based modeling (ABM) approach to facilitate PV uptake among dairy farmers. The model incorporates factors such as grid energy costs, annual electricity consumption, annual solar generation, PV cost, and maintenance expenses to predict PV adoption likelihood. Findings reveal that by 2022, about 2.41% of Irish dairy farmers had adopted PV systems, a figure only 0.41 pp higher than the actual observed rate, validating the ABM’s accuracy. Additionally, the research forecasts future adoption rates of PV systems among dairy farmers, demonstrating the efficacy of ABM in understanding and predicting renewable energy uptake in the dairy sector. These insights can inform policy suggestions to promote renewable energy adoption, ultimately enhancing energy efficiency and sustainability in dairy sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100653"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100654
Subhan Ali Shaik , Praveen Kumar Nigam , S.K. Gugulothu
This study numerically investigates the enhancement of thermal energy storage systems using phase change materials (PCMs) combined with nano additives and finned tubes. The analysis compares elliptical and circular tubes with configurations of two or four fins to improve heat transfer efficiency. Finned elliptical tubes demonstrate a reduction in PCM melting time by up to 19 % at 50 °C, achieving faster melting compared to unfinned designs. Circular tubes with fins also exhibit a 12.6 % reduction in melting time, showing slightly higher thermal performance than elliptical tubes in certain conditions. The study considers different nano additives—graphene nanoplatelets (GnP), copper (Cu), copper oxide (CuO), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3)—to evaluate their impact on PCM heat transfer rates. Among these, GnP achieves the most effective thermal enhancement. The findings indicate that fin configuration, tube geometry, and nano additives significantly affect PCM melting and heat transfer dynamics. This research optimizes the design of PCM-based heat exchangers, contributing to more efficient and sustainable thermal energy storage solutions for various applications.
{"title":"Optimization of thermal energy storage in phase change Material/Nano additive heat exchangers utilizing elliptical and circular tubes with and without fins","authors":"Subhan Ali Shaik , Praveen Kumar Nigam , S.K. Gugulothu","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study numerically investigates the enhancement of thermal energy storage systems using phase change materials (PCMs) combined with nano additives and finned tubes. The analysis compares elliptical and circular tubes with configurations of two or four fins to improve heat transfer efficiency. Finned elliptical tubes demonstrate a reduction in PCM melting time by up to 19 % at 50 °C, achieving faster melting compared to unfinned designs. Circular tubes with fins also exhibit a 12.6 % reduction in melting time, showing slightly higher thermal performance than elliptical tubes in certain conditions. The study considers different nano additives—graphene nanoplatelets (GnP), copper (Cu), copper oxide (CuO), and aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)—to evaluate their impact on PCM heat transfer rates. Among these, GnP achieves the most effective thermal enhancement. The findings indicate that fin configuration, tube geometry, and nano additives significantly affect PCM melting and heat transfer dynamics. This research optimizes the design of PCM-based heat exchangers, contributing to more efficient and sustainable thermal energy storage solutions for various applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100654"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100652
A.S. Welankiwar , R.B. Sharma , B. Kumar
Microgrids (MGs) are growing in popularity as a result of its benefits to the environment and economy, as well as minimal power losses and smaller infrastructure. In recent years, conventional power grids are being transformed into smart grids, with the establishment of MGs, which connects various units of distributed generation (DG), local energy storage devices and loads to distribution systems. The practical deployment of MG faces various technological obstacles. One of the most important difficulties in MG architecture is designing a reliable protection mechanism. The magnitude of fault current, active DG, two-way power flow, higher impedance value and communication network quality are the key problems in designing an effective protection approach for AC MGs. Due to its ability to overcome these issues and its capability for real time alternation of its protection settings in response to conditions and state of operation of power system, adaptive protection schemes under are gaining more attention from the researchers in AC MGs Protection. The past research works of adaptive protection are addressed and structured systematically in this review to enable researchers run literature studies and identify relevant research works more effectively.
{"title":"Challenges and mitigation techniques in adaptive protection for microgrids: comprehensive review","authors":"A.S. Welankiwar , R.B. Sharma , B. Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microgrids (MGs) are growing in popularity as a result of its benefits to the environment and economy, as well as minimal power losses and smaller infrastructure. In recent years, conventional power grids are being transformed into smart grids, with the establishment of MGs, which connects various units of distributed generation (DG), local energy storage devices and loads to distribution systems. The practical deployment of MG faces various technological obstacles. One of the most important difficulties in MG architecture is designing a reliable protection mechanism. The magnitude of fault current, active DG, two-way power flow, higher impedance value and communication network quality are the key problems in designing an effective protection approach for AC MGs. Due to its ability to overcome these issues and its capability for real time alternation of its protection settings in response to conditions and state of operation of power system, adaptive protection schemes under are gaining more attention from the researchers in AC MGs Protection. The past research works of adaptive protection are addressed and structured systematically in this review to enable researchers run literature studies and identify relevant research works more effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100652"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2024.100648
Adrian Florea , Lasse Berntzen , Maria Vintan , Dorel Stanescu , Daniel Morariu , Claudiu Solea , Ugo Fiore
The global challenges of recent years have exacerbated the energy crisis and highlighted the need for reactive and resilient energy systems. This paper emphasises the role of collaborative networks of prosumers in exploiting renewable energy sources to achieve sovereignty over critical resources. A bibliometric study reveals significant discrepancies between countries in statutory energy policies for renewable energy integration and incentives to prosumerism. A dataset of 27 Romanian individual prosumers illustrates the differences in load profiles between residential and industrial prosumers in a temperate continental climate, highlighting the benefits and limits of increasing the share of renewable energy in the national energy system. The study shows the advantage of aggregators balancing production and consumption, provided enough storage capability is available. It also illustrates the evolution of Romanian prosumers, discussing key regulatory and technological factors, advantages, and barriers to collaboration. This research offers municipalities, public authorities, and infrastructure operators a path towards energy independence, in alignment with international efforts toward the adoption of renewable energy. The study provides valuable insights into the benefits and challenges of renewable energy integration, offering practical solutions for achieving energy independence. It also offers relevant information in the effort of legislative harmonization to enable efficient and secure integration of new actors in the electricity system, encouraging responsible prosumers and aggregators and discouraging opportunistic aggregation.
{"title":"Prosumer networks – A key enabler of control over renewable energy resources","authors":"Adrian Florea , Lasse Berntzen , Maria Vintan , Dorel Stanescu , Daniel Morariu , Claudiu Solea , Ugo Fiore","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global challenges of recent years have exacerbated the energy crisis and highlighted the need for reactive and resilient energy systems. This paper emphasises the role of collaborative networks of prosumers in exploiting renewable energy sources to achieve sovereignty over critical resources. A bibliometric study reveals significant discrepancies between countries in statutory energy policies for renewable energy integration and incentives to prosumerism. A dataset of 27 Romanian individual prosumers illustrates the differences in load profiles between residential and industrial prosumers in a temperate continental climate, highlighting the benefits and limits of increasing the share of renewable energy in the national energy system. The study shows the advantage of aggregators balancing production and consumption, provided enough storage capability is available. It also illustrates the evolution of Romanian prosumers, discussing key regulatory and technological factors, advantages, and barriers to collaboration. This research offers municipalities, public authorities, and infrastructure operators a path towards energy independence, in alignment with international efforts toward the adoption of renewable energy. The study provides valuable insights into the benefits and challenges of renewable energy integration, offering practical solutions for achieving energy independence. It also offers relevant information in the effort of legislative harmonization to enable efficient and secure integration of new actors in the electricity system, encouraging responsible prosumers and aggregators and discouraging opportunistic aggregation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100648"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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