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Analysis and Design of Universal Shift Register Using Pulsed Latches 脉冲锁存器通用移位寄存器的分析与设计
Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.17762/ijnpme.v8i03.78
Mr. Dharmesh Dhabliya, Dr.S.A.Sivakumar
Power utilization and die region space are the significant boundaries which are considered for structuring low level power outcomes. This paper put forward the structure of low force general move register and 4-piece counter utilizing pipe rationale. Since flip failures are an innate structure hinder in a few applications, different flip lemon are over viewed and executed in widespread move register and 4-piece counter. Flip lemon utilizing pipe rationale is viewed as dependent on the correlation of intensity and region. At last, a low force all inclusive move register and 4-piece counter is planned utilizing pipe rationale. The proposed USR and 4-piece counters are mimicked with various clock rate going from 100 KHz to 500MHz. Re-enactment of these flip flounders, the widespread move register and the 4-piece counters are finished utilizing Tanner device at 180nm innovation. The normal force and the PDP of USR are improved by 33% and 27% and further the normal force and the PDP of 4-piece counter are improved by 36.9% and 30.2% when contrasted and existing plan separately. So the put forward plan is reasonable for low level power and elite applications.
功耗利用率和模区空间是构建低功耗结果时需要考虑的重要边界。利用管道原理,提出了一种低力通用寄存器和四件套计数器的结构。由于翻转失败在一些应用中是一个固有的结构障碍,不同的翻转柠檬在广泛的移动寄存器和4件计数器中被观察和执行。利用管道原理翻转柠檬被视为依赖于强度和区域的相关性。最后,利用管道原理设计了一种低力全包移动寄存器和四件套计数器。所提出的USR和4片计数器以从100 KHz到500MHz的各种时钟速率进行模拟。这些翻转比目鱼的重现,广泛的移动寄存器和4片计数器是利用Tanner装置在180纳米创新完成的。与现有方案相比,USR法向力和PDP分别提高了33%和27%,4片计数器法向力和PDP分别提高了36.9%和30.2%。因此,所提出的方案对于低功耗和精英应用是合理的。
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引用次数: 7
Density Based Traffic Control System with Smart Sensing Of Emergency Vehicles 基于密度的应急车辆智能感知交通控制系统
Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.17762/ijnpme.v8i02.75
Dr. M. Varadharaj
Present Traffic Light Controller (TLC) relies upon micro-controller and microchip. These TLC have restrictions as they are depend on pre-portrayed gear, which is filling in with respect  to the program that doesn't have the versatility of adjustment on continuous reason. Owing to fixed time spans, orange and red signal’s holding up time is more and vehicle uses more fuel. To make traffic light leadership progressively beneficial, we abuse the advancement of new procedure called as “Density based traffic control system with smart sensing of emergency vehicles”. It is constructed mainly by using Magnetic Sensors for real world environment and by using IR modules for Model. The main objective of our project is to clear traffic efficiently by effective usage of the green signal time. In this system the density of the vehicle in a particular lane is obtained by the number of magnetic sensors kept in the road side which produces output signal with respect to the density of the traffic. Thus produced output signal is further processed by ARM microcontroller and according to the density obtained by the magnetic sensors the countdown time of the green signal is varied by the microcontroller and hence the usage of green signal even after all the vehicle pass by are prevented. In addition to this system our system also senses the emergency vehicle like ambulance that approaches the signal by detecting the RF signal transmitted by the Ambulance or other emergency vehicle with the help of RF receivers that kept at the road side and halts all the vehicles by putting red signal for all the four sides of road and puts special ‘green jeep signal’ for the emergency vehicle to pass by hence our system provide way for emergency vehicle. It can also prioritize the emergency vehicle with the help of RF transmitter and receiver. As the signalling board receives the RF signal, it turns the Corresponding lane ON, thus clearing the route for the emergency vehicle. DSS also analyses the pollution levels by placing a check over the vehicle emissions at the junctions. When the priorities of any two lanes clash, pollution levels are taken into account to provide the signals for them in turns. The gas sensors are fitted onto the signalling boards which help in calculating the pollutant levels.
目前的交通灯控制器(TLC)主要依靠单片机和微芯片实现。这些TLC有限制,因为它们依赖于预描绘的齿轮,这是关于程序的填充,没有连续调整的多功能性。由于时间跨度固定,橙色和红色信号的停留时间更长,车辆消耗的燃料也更多。为了使红绿灯的领导作用逐步发挥作用,我们提出了“基于密度的应急车辆智能感知交通控制系统”。它主要是用磁传感器来模拟真实环境,用红外模块来模拟模型。我们项目的主要目标是通过有效利用绿色信号时间来高效地疏导交通。在该系统中,通过保留在道路一侧的磁传感器的数量来获得特定车道上的车辆密度,磁传感器产生关于交通密度的输出信号。由此产生的输出信号由ARM微控制器进一步处理,并根据磁传感器获得的密度,由微控制器改变绿色信号的倒计时时间,从而防止所有车辆经过后绿色信号的使用。除了这个系统之外,我们的系统还可以感知救护车等紧急车辆,通过检测救护车或其他紧急车辆发射的射频信号,利用路边的射频接收器来检测信号,并通过在道路的四面都放上红色信号来停止所有车辆,并放上特殊的“绿色吉普车信号”让紧急车辆通过,因此我们的系统为紧急车辆提供了道路。它还可以借助射频发射器和接收器对应急车辆进行优先排序。当信令板接收到射频信号后,将相应的车道打开,为应急车辆扫清道路。DSS还通过在路口检查车辆排放来分析污染水平。当任意两条车道的优先级发生冲突时,系统会考虑到污染水平,为它们轮流提供信号。气体传感器安装在信号板上,有助于计算污染物水平。
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引用次数: 7
Hybrid Design and RF Planning for 4G networks using Cell Prioritization Scheme 基于小区优先级方案的4G网络混合设计与射频规划
Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.17762/ijnpme.v8i02.76
Dr. S.A. Sivakumar
This article includes hands-on recreation practice on arranging of RF connect with the assistance of Atoll arranging programming device. The primary goal of this task is to structure and plan a RF coordinate with obstruction free correspondence, Optimum inclusion, no forgot about zone in the arranged inclusion guide and extension and reuse of site recurrence &network structure. Using the accessible restricted data transfer capacity vitally in order to take into account millions out of an immense zone with great quality, inclusion, and without obstruction utilizing ATOLL arranging device. Insightful re-utilization of site area later on organize structure will set aside cash for the administrator. Handover component is critical in cell arrange in light of the cell engineering utilized to expand range usage. One approach to improve the phone organize execution is to utilize productive handover prioritization plans, which have a typical trademark lessening the call dropping likelihood to the detriment of expanded call blocking likelihood. Effective prioritization conspire obliges various new calls while ensures the nature of administration (QOS) of Hand over call. This thought depends on the neighboring cells have a covering (the territory served by more than one cell) inclusion zone. Moreover cell cover and burden adjusting plan is proposed to improve the GSM cell limit utilizing a Software advancement pack (SDK). Limit improvement is accomplished by adjusting the heap in neighboring cell prioritization plans when client is exchanging between the cells.
本文介绍了利用环礁编排编程设备进行射频连接编排的动手娱乐练习。本次任务的主要目标是构建和规划一个无障碍对应的射频坐标,优化包含,在安排的包含指南中没有被遗忘的区域,以及站点重复和网络结构的扩展和重用。充分利用可访问的受限数据传输能力,利用ATOLL安排设备,以高质量、包容和无障碍地考虑数百万人的巨大区域。有远见的场地面积的再利用以后组织结构将为管理员留出现金。为了扩大使用范围,在小区工程中,切换分量是小区布置的关键。改善电话组织执行的一种方法是利用有效的移交优先级计划,该计划具有典型的商标,可以减少呼叫丢失的可能性,从而损害扩大呼叫阻塞的可能性。有效的优先级分配在保证移交呼叫的服务质量(QOS)的同时,有效地实现了对各种新呼叫的分配。这种想法取决于邻近的细胞是否有一个覆盖(由多个细胞服务的领土)包含区。此外,提出了利用软件升级包(SDK)改进GSM小区限制的小区覆盖和负荷调整方案。限制改进是通过在客户端在单元之间交换时调整相邻单元优先级计划中的堆来实现的。
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引用次数: 4
Enhanced QoS and QoE Support through Energy Efficient Handover Algorithm for UMTS Architectures 通过UMTS架构的节能切换算法增强QoS和QoE支持
Pub Date : 2019-03-31 DOI: 10.17762/ijnpme.v8i01.73
Mr. A. Kingsly Jabakumar
Spectrum inefficiency is a significant issue because of the increasingly more solicitation of transmission capacity by the end clients. Accomplishing high transmission rates and elevated levels of Quality of Service (QoS) speaks to in any case an open issue. Long haul Evolution (LTE) has been proposed as the reason for the fourth era versatile cell systems (4G) that points of the LTE standard are higher client bit rates, lower delays, expanded range proficiency, diminished expense, and operational effortlessness. In any case, this innovation is as yet being worked on and a few open issues must be still explored, for example, obstruction coordination, and power utilization, assets the board and handover procedures. The point of this work is to ensure the decrease of intensity utilization utilizing another handover calculation dependent on green arrangement. Also, the proposed conspire ensures the minimization of superfluous handovers. In any case, the issue in this technique is doesn't mulls over of the impact of green strategies in high force hubs. Along these lines, in the proposed framework the impact of high force hubs are thought of. This situation is expanded more than one full scale cell and various kinds of low force hubs, for example, pico-cell and microcells. In this situation, the force sparing is broke down during the handover strategies. Think about these issues; another strategy is proposed called Dynamic base Station arranging (DBSP) for accomplishing vitality productivity. The fundamental idea is to kill a BS individually that will insignificantly influence the system by utilizing a recently presented thought of system sway, which considers the extra burden increases brought to its neighboring BSs. So as to additionally diminish the flagging and execution overhead over the air and back take, utilize the estimated estimations of system sway as their choice measurements. A trial result shows that the proposed strategy accomplishes high vitality proficiency under different situations. In this work the presentation of an UMTS organize situation is assessed by utilizing different estimations of the priority bits of the CBR application.
由于终端用户对传输容量的需求越来越大,频谱效率低下成为一个重要问题。在任何情况下,实现高传输速率和高水平的服务质量(QoS)都是一个悬而未决的问题。长期演进(LTE)已被提议作为第四时代通用蜂窝系统(4G)的原因,LTE标准的要点是更高的客户端比特率、更低的延迟、更大的范围熟练度、更低的成本和更轻松的操作。无论如何,这一创新还在进行中,还有一些悬而未决的问题需要探索,例如,阻碍协调,权力利用,资产董事会和移交程序。本工作的重点是利用另一种依赖于绿色布置的切换计算来确保强度利用率的降低。此外,所建议的合谋确保最小化多余的移交。无论如何,这个技术的问题是没有考虑到绿色战略对高兵力枢纽的影响。沿着这些思路,在提议的框架中考虑了高强度枢纽的影响。这种情况扩展到一个以上的全尺寸电池和各种各样的低力中心,例如,微电池和微电池。在这种情况下,交接策略中的力节约被打破。想想这些问题;为实现动态生产力,提出了动态基站调度策略。其基本思想是利用最近提出的系统影响思想(考虑给相邻的BSs带来的额外负担增加)单独杀死对系统影响不大的BSs。为了进一步减少空中和回拍的标记和执行开销,利用系统摇摆的估计值作为他们的选择测量。实验结果表明,该策略在不同情况下都具有较高的生命力。在这项工作中,通过利用对CBR应用程序的优先级位的不同估计来评估UMTS组织情况的呈现。
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引用次数: 4
Effective Morphological Transformation and Sub-pixel Classification of Clustered Images 聚类图像的有效形态变换与亚像素分类
Pub Date : 2019-03-31 DOI: 10.17762/ijnpme.v8i01.74
Mr. B. Naga Rajesh
The main aim of this research work is to perform the morphological operations with reduced time complexity and area complexity. Morphological operation is the key element in any image processing. Finding the maximum and minimum using a window of defined size will imply to the morphological dilation and erosion respectively. So the proposed algorithm should be fast in the comparison and sorting, this way the time complexity could be reduced. It’s believed that the anchor concept will fetch this cause. The idea behind this is it fixes a pixel and setting it as the center pixel all the surrounding pixels will be processed. Moreover this is now been implemented for rectangular structuring element. This paper attempts the same for flat and 3D structuring elements. Hyper-spectral Imaging is a developing zone of remote detecting applications. Hyper-spectral pictures incorporate more extravagant and better otherworldly data than the multi-spectral pictures got previously. Hyper-otherworldly pictures are described by an exchange off between the unearthly and spatial resolution. The principle issue of the hyper-ghostly information is the generally low spatial goal. For arrangement, the serious issue brought about by low spatial goal is the blended pixels. Blended pixels alluded to the pixels which are involved by more than one land spread class. In the proposed procedure another strategy is utilized to address the issue of blended pixels and to get a better spatial goal of the land spread characterization maps. The strategy misuses the upsides of both picture bunching methods and phantom dimming calculations, so as to decide the fragmentary plenitudes of the classes at a sub-pixel scale. Spatial regularization by Flank planning method is at last performed to spatially find the got classes at sub-pixel level.
本研究的主要目的是降低形态学运算的时间复杂度和面积复杂度。形态学运算是任何图像处理的关键。利用确定大小的窗口找出最大值和最小值将分别意味着形态扩张和侵蚀。因此所提出的算法在比较和排序方面应该是快速的,这样可以降低时间复杂度。相信锚的概念将促成这一事业。这背后的想法是,它固定了一个像素,并将其设置为中心像素,所有周围的像素将被处理。此外,这是现在实现的矩形结构元素。本文对平面和三维结构元素进行了同样的尝试。高光谱成像是遥感应用的一个发展方向。与以前的多光谱图像相比,超光谱图像包含了更丰富、更好的超凡脱俗的数据。超超凡脱俗的图片是通过超凡脱俗和空间分辨率之间的交换来描述的。超幽灵信息的主要问题是空间目标普遍较低。对于排列,低空间目标带来的严重问题是混合像素。混合像素指的是被一个以上的土地扩展类所涉及的像素。在该方法中,采用了另一种策略来解决混合像素的问题,并获得了更好的土地分布特征图的空间目标。该策略利用了图像聚类方法和幻影调光计算的优点,在亚像素尺度上确定了类的碎片丰度。最后利用翼面规划方法进行空间正则化,在亚像素级对得到的类进行空间查找。
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引用次数: 3
Monitoring of Drainage System in Urban Using Device Free Localization Neural Networks and Cloud computing 基于无设备定位神经网络和云计算的城市排水系统监测
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.17762/ijnpme.v7i04.69
Mr. Rahul Sharma
Wireless Sensor Network is a Wi-Fi community consisting of spatially propagated and self-sufficient devices using sensors to detect physical or environmental conditions. During heavy rainfall, the urban drainage system cannot drain the water. A wireless sensor with many interconnected wireless sensor nodes captures real-time data from the network environment and transmits this data to a base station for analysis and operation. With wireless sensor nodes, it is possible to capture and monitor the amount of water in drainages and the difference in water flow between the two points in the drainage system. Nevertheless, the majority localization techniques aims on device based localization, which can find target with festinated devices. It is not suitable for applications such as terrain, drainage flow and flooding. Here device free wireless localization system using artificial neural networks and a cluster based wireless sensor network system to monitor urban drainage is proposed. There are two stages in the system. During the off-line preparation stage, Acceptable Signal Strength (RSS) differential metrics are calculated between the RSS metrics together while the monitor area is empty and calculated by a specialized in the region. Some RSS dissimilarity values ​​are selected in the RSS Difference Matrix. The RSS dissimilarity standards ​​and associated matrix indices are taken as the inputs of the ANN representation in addition to the identified position coordinate are in its outputs. The real-time data collected from the wireless sensor network is used to detect overflow and provide alarms before disturbances arise.
无线传感器网络是一个由空间传播和自给自足的设备组成的Wi-Fi社区,使用传感器来检测物理或环境条件。在大雨期间,城市排水系统无法排水。具有许多相互连接的无线传感器节点的无线传感器从网络环境中捕获实时数据,并将这些数据传输到基站进行分析和操作。通过无线传感器节点,可以捕获和监测排水系统中两点之间的水量以及水流量的差异。然而,大多数定位技术的目标是基于设备的定位,可以找到目标设备。它不适合诸如地形,排水流和洪水等应用。本文提出了一种利用人工神经网络和基于集群的无线传感器网络进行城市排水监测的无线定位系统。这个系统有两个阶段。在离线准备阶段,可接受信号强度(RSS)差分指标在RSS指标之间一起计算,而监视器区域为空,由该区域的专业人员计算。在RSS差分矩阵中选择一些RSS不相似值。将RSS不相似度标准和相关矩阵指标作为人工神经网络表示的输入,并将识别的位置坐标作为其输出。从无线传感器网络收集的实时数据用于检测溢出,并在出现干扰之前提供警报。
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引用次数: 14
Voltage Protection and Harmonics Cancellation in Low Voltage Distribution Network 低压配电网的电压保护与谐波消除
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.17762/ijnpme.v7i04.68
Prof. Amruta Bijwar, Prof. Madhuri Zambre
Nowadays low voltage distribution network is considered as worldwide future generation distribution network. But the major concern is harmonics generation and steps taken to cancel those harmonics. In our proposed work, low voltage distribution network is designed with low voltage and harmonics are cancelled in our method. The combination of current control unit and voltage control unit will give extra reliable power solution to increase the required capacity of low voltage grids. The high voltage protection gears are used in worst environment for low voltage and low current distribution network test is preferable to assess a variety of operation uniqueness. Therefore, it has few restrictions in implementation of economic in addition to process methodologies. In our work a 48V direct current base up-scale low voltage distribution network test is urbanized to allow the copy and surveillance of a variety of phenomenon of direct current distribution networks. The proposed system provide stretchy pattern ability by introduce S-connectors and T-connectors module that will be proscribed distantly, and near real time monitor function through by means of a data acquisition system associated toward the nodes. Each connector be able to calculate Power, Voltage and current with up to 250 kHz frequency. To calculate power quality and to understand the performance of the distribution network, frequency analysis is required along with collected data.
低压配电网被认为是当今世界的下一代配电网。但主要的问题是谐波的产生和消除这些谐波的步骤。在我们所提出的工作中,低压配电网的设计采用了低电压和谐波消除方法。电流控制单元与电压控制单元的结合将为低压电网提供更可靠的电力解决方案,以增加电网所需的容量。高压保护装置用于恶劣环境下的低压、小电流配电网试验,更有利于评估各种运行的独特性。因此,除了过程方法之外,它在实施经济方面几乎没有限制。本文采用48V直流基极大型低压配电网试验,实现了对直流配电网各种现象的复制和监测。该系统通过引入s -连接器和t -连接器模块提供可拉伸模式能力,这些模块将被远程禁止,并通过与节点相关的数据采集系统提供近实时监控功能。每个连接器能够以高达250 kHz的频率计算功率,电压和电流。为了计算电能质量和了解配电网的性能,需要对收集到的数据进行频率分析。
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引用次数: 3
Identification of Mouth Cancer laceration Using Machine Learning Approach 用机器学习方法识别口腔癌撕裂伤
Pub Date : 2018-09-30 DOI: 10.17762/ijnpme.v7i03.66
Prof. Barry Wiling
This Paper describes about Identification of Mouth Cancer laceration Using Machine Learning Approach .The SVM algorithm is used for this purpose. Image segmentation operations are performed using: Resizing an image, Gray scale conversion, Histogram equalization and Classifying the Segmented image using SVM. SVM is used to reduce the complexity faced in the existing system comprising of Texture Segmentation and ANN (Artificial Neural Networks) Algorithm. SVM is a simple Machine Learning algorithm when compared to ANN. The outcome of the paper is to segment and classify the Malignancy from the Non-Malignant region using the classifier SVM. SVM performs the classification based on the dataset that contains the trained images.
本文介绍了用机器学习方法识别口腔癌撕裂伤的方法,并采用支持向量机算法进行识别。图像分割操作使用:调整图像大小,灰度转换,直方图均衡化和使用SVM对分割图像进行分类。支持向量机用于降低现有纹理分割和人工神经网络算法组成的系统所面临的复杂性。与人工神经网络相比,SVM是一种简单的机器学习算法。本文的结果是使用分类器SVM从非恶性区域中分割和分类恶性区域。SVM基于包含训练图像的数据集执行分类。
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引用次数: 9
Design and Analysis of Bi-planar Antenna for Long Term Evolution Base Stations 长期演进基站双平面天线设计与分析
Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.17762/ijnpme.v7i02.65
Prof. Muhamad Angriawan
In this article, A bi-planar receiving antenna is planned for LTE convenient base stations. The proposed reception apparatus involves two parts one for the upper band and another for lower band. It can in like manner be shown without granulating folds. The lower band has the pair of printed dipoles with two or three parasitic parts for transmission limit improvement. The upper band contains a few crumbled dipoles. The microstrip line and dipole are cut on a comparative substrate. The upper band segments are wrapped in lower band segments encircling a diminished structure. The bi-planar receiving wire achieves an information transmission of around 2 GHz. The arranged receiving wire can be completed in versatile base stations. The radio wire increase achieved around ~12 dbi which is sensible for the adaptable correspondence base station structures.
本文设计了一种面向LTE便捷基站的双平面接收天线。所建议的接收设备包括两个部分,一个用于上频段,另一个用于下频段。它可以以类似的方式显示没有颗粒状褶皱。下波段有一对带有两个或三个寄生部分的印刷偶极子,用于提高传输极限。上面的波段包含一些破碎的偶极子。微带线和偶极子被切割在比较衬底上。上带段包裹在环绕缩小结构的下带段中。双平面接收线实现了约2ghz的信息传输。所布置的接收线可在多用途基站中完成。无线电线增加约12 dbi,这对于自适应通信基站结构是合理的。
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引用次数: 2
Analysis and Implementation of Hybrid FIR Architecture in Speech Processor 语音处理器中混合FIR结构的分析与实现
Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.17762/ijnpme.v7i02.70
Mr. Shruti Timande
Hearing aid is an electronic gadget precisely used into the internal ear which reestablishes halfway hearing to smooth hearing. The discourse processor of CI parts the sound-related sign into groups of various frequencies and changes over them into appropriate codes for animating the cathodes in cochlea of ear. The cathode actuates sound-related nerve filaments to give hearing sensation. The expense of the CI alone goes to around 100,000 US dollars. For the efficient less well-to-do individuals with hearing sickness, it might be too exorbitant to even consider affording for this hardware to recoup from the conference misfortune. It gets important to cut down the expense. The cost decrease might be accomplished with diminished region, low force and rapid activity of the CI. This goal intuited both the simple and the computerized based CI originators to inquire about their techniques to give individuals less expensive and profoundly understandable CI. The primary objective of this paper is to develop reconfigurable DSP architectures for the filter banks in speech processor of CI with the following features like minimized area of the filter, reduced power consumption of the speech processor and enhanced presentation of the filter. This paper involves the design and hardware implementation of narrow band pass FIR filter for speech processor of CI using the Xilinx System Generator (XSG) tool on Virtex 7 FPGA.
助听器是一种精确地植入内耳的电子装置,它可以重建半途而废的听力,使听力变得平滑。CI语篇处理器将声音相关符号分成不同频率的组,并将其转换为相应的编码,用于激活耳蜗内的阴极。阴极刺激与声音有关的神经纤维,产生听觉。仅CI的费用就在10万美元左右。对于那些效率不高、有听力疾病的人来说,考虑购买这些硬件来弥补会议带来的不幸可能太过昂贵。削减开支变得很重要。降低成本可以通过减小CI的面积、降低CI的受力和快速激活来实现。这个目标使简单的和基于计算机化的CI发起者都能直观地询问他们的技术,以便为个人提供更便宜、更容易理解的CI。本文的主要目标是为CI语音处理器中的滤波器组开发可重构的DSP架构,该架构具有以下特征,如最小化滤波器面积,降低语音处理器功耗和增强滤波器的表现。本文介绍了利用Xilinx System Generator (XSG)工具在Virtex 7 FPGA上设计和硬件实现用于CI语音处理器的窄带通FIR滤波器。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of New Practices in Management and Engineering
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