Pub Date : 2025-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156862
Katarzyna Cieplińska , Emilia Niedziela , Agata Kopacz Rdzanek , Anna Słuszniak , Magdalena Chrapek , Iwona Pałyga , Aldona Kowalska
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>CD4+ T lymphocytes are key immune cells involved in orbital inflammation in thyroid eye disease (TED). Inhibition of their activity is important in treatment of TED, but effective drugs targeting these cells are lacking. The programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 pathway has been implicated in several T-cell-mediated diseases. Manipulation of this pathway with antagonists or agonists is an attractive therapeutic option. The role of soluble programmed cell death-1 (sPD-1) and soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) in regulation of this pathway is debated. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in the pathogenesis of TED, focusing on their utility as novel biomarkers to evaluate disease severity and treatment response.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty patients diagnosed with moderate-to-severe TED associated with Graves' disease were included. Blood samples were collected from patients before and 12 weeks after initiation of intravenous glucocorticosteroid (IVGC) treatment. Disease severity was assessed using the Clinical Activity Score (CAS) before and after IVGC treatment. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin, interleukin-6, sPD-1, and sPD-L1 levels were measured. Correlations between sPD-1, sPD-L1, and CAS before and after IVGC treatment were investigated. Serum concentrations of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 before and after IVGC treatment in patients with TED were compared with those in healthy controls (HCs). The changes in the tested protein concentrations upon IVGC treatment and their associations with clinical characteristics were investigated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure sPD-1 and sPD-L1 concentrations in peripheral blood serum.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a positive correlation of moderate Spearman's rank strength between sPD-L1 and CAS before and after treatment, and a positive correlation between sPD-1 and sPD-L1. However, no correlation was observed between sPD-1 and CAS. Baseline serum levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 did not significantly differ between patients with TED and HCs. There were no correlations between changes in the levels of the tested molecules upon IVGC treatment and the analyzed clinical features. The decreases of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels after 12 weeks of IVGC treatment were not significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The positive correlation of moderate Spearman's rank strength between sPD-L1 and CAS before and after 12 weeks of treatment indicates that sPD-L1 is involved in the pathogenesis of TED. sPD-L1 may become an additional immunological biomarker to assess the disease activity and monitor the respond to treatment.</div><div>Although sPD-1 is reported in the literature to have an activating effect on lymphocytes, our study shows that sPD-1 may not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of TED, as its level
{"title":"Association between clinical activity score and serum sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels during systemic glucocorticoid treatment for active moderate-to-severe thyroid eye disease","authors":"Katarzyna Cieplińska , Emilia Niedziela , Agata Kopacz Rdzanek , Anna Słuszniak , Magdalena Chrapek , Iwona Pałyga , Aldona Kowalska","doi":"10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>CD4+ T lymphocytes are key immune cells involved in orbital inflammation in thyroid eye disease (TED). Inhibition of their activity is important in treatment of TED, but effective drugs targeting these cells are lacking. The programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 pathway has been implicated in several T-cell-mediated diseases. Manipulation of this pathway with antagonists or agonists is an attractive therapeutic option. The role of soluble programmed cell death-1 (sPD-1) and soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) in regulation of this pathway is debated. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in the pathogenesis of TED, focusing on their utility as novel biomarkers to evaluate disease severity and treatment response.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty patients diagnosed with moderate-to-severe TED associated with Graves' disease were included. Blood samples were collected from patients before and 12 weeks after initiation of intravenous glucocorticosteroid (IVGC) treatment. Disease severity was assessed using the Clinical Activity Score (CAS) before and after IVGC treatment. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin, interleukin-6, sPD-1, and sPD-L1 levels were measured. Correlations between sPD-1, sPD-L1, and CAS before and after IVGC treatment were investigated. Serum concentrations of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 before and after IVGC treatment in patients with TED were compared with those in healthy controls (HCs). The changes in the tested protein concentrations upon IVGC treatment and their associations with clinical characteristics were investigated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure sPD-1 and sPD-L1 concentrations in peripheral blood serum.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a positive correlation of moderate Spearman's rank strength between sPD-L1 and CAS before and after treatment, and a positive correlation between sPD-1 and sPD-L1. However, no correlation was observed between sPD-1 and CAS. Baseline serum levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 did not significantly differ between patients with TED and HCs. There were no correlations between changes in the levels of the tested molecules upon IVGC treatment and the analyzed clinical features. The decreases of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels after 12 weeks of IVGC treatment were not significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The positive correlation of moderate Spearman's rank strength between sPD-L1 and CAS before and after 12 weeks of treatment indicates that sPD-L1 is involved in the pathogenesis of TED. sPD-L1 may become an additional immunological biomarker to assess the disease activity and monitor the respond to treatment.</div><div>Although sPD-1 is reported in the literature to have an activating effect on lymphocytes, our study shows that sPD-1 may not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of TED, as its level","PeriodicalId":297,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 156862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156859
Chengcai Zhang , Jinxia Yu , Shuaifeng Li
Objective
To investigate the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression (Exp) and HIF-1 transcription in breast cancer (BC) cells.
Methods
Human BC cell line T47D was utilized as the research object. Western blot and dual-luciferase system were utilized to detect HIF-1α Exp induced by bFGF in BC cells under hypoxia and normal oxygen conditions, as well as the Exp of phosphorylated ERK1/2, Akt, and p38 proteins, HIF-1α Exp induced by bFGF under kinase inhibitors' action, and HIF-1 transcription, thereby summarizing the impact of bFGF on BC cells and its association with PI-3 K Akt signaling pathway (SPW).
Results
The maximum Exp fold was 4.9 when the induced dose of bFGF was 10 ng/mL under hypoxia, and the maximum Exp fold of HIF-1α was 7 at 3 h (180 min). Under normal oxygen condition, cycloheximide inhibited HIF-1α protein Exp, and the reduction was up to 50 % within 30 min. Various doses of kinase inhibitor SU5402 inhibited HIF-1α protein Exp, and the inhibition rate was 100 %. The kinase inhibitors SU5402, PD98059, and LY294002 all had marked effects on bFGF-induced HIF-1 transcription.
Conclusion
Both MEK1/ERK and PI-3 K/Akt SPW play crucial roles in bFGF-mediated HIF-1 activation. BFGF had a notable activation of HIF-1. PI-3 K/Akt and MEK1/ERK SPW worked together to regulate this process by various mechanisms.
目的：探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）对乳腺癌（BC）细胞缺氧诱导因子(HIF)-1α表达（Exp）及HIF-1转录的影响。方法：以人BC细胞株T47D为研究对象。利用Western blot和双荧光素酶系统检测缺氧和正常氧条件下bFGF诱导的BC细胞HIF-1α Exp，磷酸化ERK1/2、Akt、p38蛋白的Exp，激酶抑制剂作用下bFGF诱导的HIF-1α Exp，以及HIF-1的转录，总结bFGF对BC细胞的影响及其与PI-3 K - Akt信号通路（SPW）的关联。结果：缺氧条件下bFGF诱导剂量为10 ng/mL时的最大Exp倍数为4.9,3 h （180 min）时HIF-1α的最大Exp倍数为7。在正常氧条件下，环己亚胺对HIF-1α蛋白Exp有抑制作用，30 min内抑制率可达50%。不同剂量的激酶抑制剂SU5402对HIF-1α蛋白Exp有抑制作用，抑制率为100%。激酶抑制剂SU5402、PD98059和LY294002均对bfgf诱导的HIF-1转录有显著影响。结论：MEK1/ERK和PI-3 K/Akt SPW在bfgf介导的HIF-1激活中起重要作用。BFGF显著激活HIF-1。PI-3 K/Akt和MEK1/ERK SPW共同作用，通过多种机制调节这一过程。
{"title":"Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression (Exp) and HIF-1 transcription in breast Cancer cell through PI-3 K Akt signaling","authors":"Chengcai Zhang , Jinxia Yu , Shuaifeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression (Exp) and HIF-1 transcription in breast cancer (BC) cells.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Human BC cell line T47D was utilized as the research object. Western blot and dual-luciferase system were utilized to detect HIF-1α Exp induced by bFGF in BC cells under hypoxia and normal oxygen conditions, as well as the Exp of phosphorylated ERK1/2, Akt, and p38 proteins, HIF-1α Exp induced by bFGF under kinase inhibitors' action, and HIF-1 transcription, thereby summarizing the impact of bFGF on BC cells and its association with PI-3 K Akt signaling pathway (SPW).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The maximum Exp fold was 4.9 when the induced dose of bFGF was 10 ng/mL under hypoxia, and the maximum Exp fold of HIF-1α was 7 at 3 h (180 min). Under normal oxygen condition, cycloheximide inhibited HIF-1α protein Exp, and the reduction was up to 50 % within 30 min. Various doses of kinase inhibitor SU5402 inhibited HIF-1α protein Exp, and the inhibition rate was 100 %. The kinase inhibitors SU5402, PD98059, and LY294002 all had marked effects on bFGF-induced HIF-1 transcription.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both MEK1/ERK and PI-3 K/Akt SPW play crucial roles in bFGF-mediated HIF-1 activation. BFGF had a notable activation of HIF-1. PI-3 K/Akt and MEK1/ERK SPW worked together to regulate this process by various mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":297,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 156859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142997492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156858
Zhanqiu Xu , Peigang Guo , Lujun Li , Zhiyuan Li , Hong Li
Studies have demonstrated that several lncRNAs exhibit abnormal expression levels in patients suffering from osteoarthritis, and in-depth investigation of these aberrantly expressed lncRNAs may pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting OA. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of glucuronidase beta pseudogene 11 (GUSBP11) in OA patients and to elucidate its potential molecular mechanism. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect GUSBP11 levels on cartilage tissues and serum samples obtained from OA patients. To establish an in vitro OA cell model, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was utilized to induce CHON-001 and ATDC5 cell lines. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate cell viability and apoptosis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to qualify the levels of inflammatory factors. StarBase database predicted that miR-122-5p was the target gene of GUSBP11. Subsequently, luciferase reporter genes were conducted to validate this interaction. Potential target genes of miR-122-5p were predicted, followed by gene function annotation and correlation analysis of these targets. Our findings revealed that GUSBP11 expression was markedly decreased in both the cartilage tissues and serum of OA patients. Diminished levels of GUSBP11 showed high diagnostic accuracy for OA. In the IL-1β-induced OA cell model, GUSBP11 expression was notably reduced, leading to decreased cell viability, an increase in apoptotic cells, and elevated levels of inflammatory factors. Up-regulation of GUSBP11 significantly ameliorated these adverse effects. Luciferase reporter genes confirmed the interaction between GUSBP11 and miR-122-5p, indicating that an increase in miR-122-5p drastically inhibited cell viability while promoting apoptosis and inflammation. In conclusion, within the context of the in vitro OA cell model, GUSBP11 appears to exacerbate IL-1β-induced chondrocyte inflammation through the up-regulation of miR-122-5p. This underscores the potential of GUSBP11 as a novel target and avenue for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of OA.
{"title":"Upregulating lncRNA GUSBP11 protects chondrocytes from IL-1β-induced inflammatory damage via inhibiting miR-122-5p","authors":"Zhanqiu Xu , Peigang Guo , Lujun Li , Zhiyuan Li , Hong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies have demonstrated that several lncRNAs exhibit abnormal expression levels in patients suffering from osteoarthritis, and in-depth investigation of these aberrantly expressed lncRNAs may pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting OA. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of glucuronidase beta pseudogene 11 (GUSBP11) in OA patients and to elucidate its potential molecular mechanism. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect GUSBP11 levels on cartilage tissues and serum samples obtained from OA patients. To establish an in vitro OA cell model, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was utilized to induce CHON-001 and ATDC5 cell lines. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate cell viability and apoptosis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to qualify the levels of inflammatory factors. StarBase database predicted that miR-122-5p was the target gene of GUSBP11. Subsequently, luciferase reporter genes were conducted to validate this interaction. Potential target genes of miR-122-5p were predicted, followed by gene function annotation and correlation analysis of these targets. Our findings revealed that GUSBP11 expression was markedly decreased in both the cartilage tissues and serum of OA patients. Diminished levels of GUSBP11 showed high diagnostic accuracy for OA. In the IL-1β-induced OA cell model, GUSBP11 expression was notably reduced, leading to decreased cell viability, an increase in apoptotic cells, and elevated levels of inflammatory factors. Up-regulation of GUSBP11 significantly ameliorated these adverse effects. Luciferase reporter genes confirmed the interaction between GUSBP11 and miR-122-5p, indicating that an increase in miR-122-5p drastically inhibited cell viability while promoting apoptosis and inflammation. In conclusion, within the context of the in vitro OA cell model, GUSBP11 appears to exacerbate IL-1β-induced chondrocyte inflammation through the up-regulation of miR-122-5p. This underscores the potential of GUSBP11 as a novel target and avenue for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of OA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":297,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 156858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142997494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156861
Ran Qi , Xin Cheng , Shan Chen , Jinjun Fan
Sepsis is a common systemic infectious disease followed by extremely high incidence and mortality with no effective treatment and clinical drugs. As a key mediator involved in infection and immunity, it has been reported that sepsis patients are accompanied by increased heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Trained immunity is a novel innate immunity approach that can be activated by β-glucan to fight against sepsis. The mechanism of HSP70 activating trained macrophages against sepsis needs further elucidation. Trained immunity and sepsis models were established by β-glucan and LPS individually both in vivo and in vitro. We demonstrated that HSP70 was significantly upregulated in septic mice serum, and HSP70 could protect mice from sepsis by activating β-glucan-trained macrophages as an ideal secondary inducer via TLR2-NF-κB pathway. Additionally, the sepsis resistant effects of HSP70 could be blocked by its antibody. In summary, more than a molecular chaperone to maintain homeostasis, HSP70 could be an important trained immunity inducer to help the body fighting against sepsis, which provided new stimuli for trained immunity and novel therapeutic solutions for sepsis.
{"title":"Extracellular HSP70 facilitated β-glucan induced trained immunity in macrophages to suppress sepsis via TLR2-NF-κB axis","authors":"Ran Qi , Xin Cheng , Shan Chen , Jinjun Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sepsis is a common systemic infectious disease followed by extremely high incidence and mortality with no effective treatment and clinical drugs. As a key mediator involved in infection and immunity, it has been reported that sepsis patients are accompanied by increased heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Trained immunity is a novel innate immunity approach that can be activated by β-glucan to fight against sepsis. The mechanism of HSP70 activating trained macrophages against sepsis needs further elucidation. Trained immunity and sepsis models were established by β-glucan and LPS individually both in vivo and in vitro. We demonstrated that HSP70 was significantly upregulated in septic mice serum, and HSP70 could protect mice from sepsis by activating β-glucan-trained macrophages as an ideal secondary inducer via TLR2-NF-κB pathway. Additionally, the sepsis resistant effects of HSP70 could be blocked by its antibody. In summary, more than a molecular chaperone to maintain homeostasis, HSP70 could be an important trained immunity inducer to help the body fighting against sepsis, which provided new stimuli for trained immunity and novel therapeutic solutions for sepsis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":297,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 156861"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142997493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While liposomes enhance the safety and pharmacokinetic profile of free drugs, they have not significantly improved therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this challenge, targeted depletion of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) shows significant potential as an effective antitumor therapy, reducing off-target effects in comparison to non-targeted liposomes. In the context of peptide-mediated targeted cancer therapy, we evaluated the reprogramming activity of IFN-γ liposomes on TAMs, as well as that of IFN-γ liposomes modified with an M2 macrophage-targeting peptide, which binds preferentially to murine anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages/M2-like TAMs. Flow cytometry analysis showed significantly enhanced cellular uptake of m2-peptide-targeted liposomes in J774.1 macrophage cell lines compared to non-targeted liposomes. In BALB/c mice bearing C-26 murine carcinoma, the m2-peptide-targeted liposome groups exhibited significantly higher IFN-γ concentrations compared to non-targeted counterparts within the tumor environment. Furthermore, m2-peptide-targeted F2 liposomes at doses of 25 μg IFN-γ/kg resulted in superior tumor growth inhibition and greater tumor accumulation, indicating the potential of macrophage-targeted therapy in cancer growth inhibition. However, they failed to improve the overall therapeutic efficacy compared to Doxil. This study proposes a combination therapy of m2-peptide-targeted IFN-γ liposomes with successful chemotherapeutic liposomes such as Doxil.
{"title":"M2 macrophage-targeting peptide-modified liposomes enhance the uptake and antitumor efficacy of liposomal IFN-γ in mice with C26 colon carcinoma","authors":"Maryam Kateh Shamshiri , Roghayyeh Vakili-Ghartavol , Hammed Tanimowo Aiyelabegan , Zahra Asvar , Hadi Zare Marzouni , Maryam Matbou Riahi , Mahmoud Reza Jaafari","doi":"10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While liposomes enhance the safety and pharmacokinetic profile of free drugs, they have not significantly improved therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this challenge, targeted depletion of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) shows significant potential as an effective antitumor therapy, reducing off-target effects in comparison to non-targeted liposomes. In the context of peptide-mediated targeted cancer therapy, we evaluated the reprogramming activity of IFN-γ liposomes on TAMs, as well as that of IFN-γ liposomes modified with an M2 macrophage-targeting peptide, which binds preferentially to murine anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages/M2-like TAMs. Flow cytometry analysis showed significantly enhanced cellular uptake of m2-peptide-targeted liposomes in J774.1 macrophage cell lines compared to non-targeted liposomes. In BALB/c mice bearing C-26 murine carcinoma, the m2-peptide-targeted liposome groups exhibited significantly higher IFN-γ concentrations compared to non-targeted counterparts within the tumor environment. Furthermore, m2-peptide-targeted F2 liposomes at doses of 25 μg IFN-γ/kg resulted in superior tumor growth inhibition and greater tumor accumulation, indicating the potential of macrophage-targeted therapy in cancer growth inhibition. However, they failed to improve the overall therapeutic efficacy compared to Doxil. This study proposes a combination therapy of m2-peptide-targeted IFN-γ liposomes with successful chemotherapeutic liposomes such as Doxil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":297,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 156860"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic smoking is an established risk factor for oral cancer (OC). The role of tobacco in oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) emphasizes the need for non-invasive diagnostic approaches to identify early molecular alterations and improve patient outcomes. Salivary exosomes, which contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, accessible and rich in biological content, making them interesting candidate biomarkers.
Methods
Saliva samples were collected from non-smokers (n = 20), smokers (n = 20), and patients with oral cancer (n = 20). Salivary exosomes were isolated and characterized using various techniques, including estimation of protein concentrations and amino acid profiling using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyzed protein and amino acid peaks, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measured pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8.
Results
Elevated levels of salivary exosomal proteins (p = 0.017), IL-6 (p = 0.008), and IL-8 (p = 0.0004), along with significant alterations in amino acid profiles, were observed in smokers compared with non-smokers. Additionally, protein (p = 0.005) and IL-6 (p = 0.004) levels were significantly elevated in oral cancer compared to non-smoker group. FTIR spectroscopy revealed distinct molecular fingerprints in exosomes, highlighting changes in protein and amino acid concentrations and indicating altered metabolism.
Conclusion
This comparative cross-sectional study demonstrated that chronic smoking induces significant biochemical changes in salivary exosomes, establishing them as promising non-invasive biomarkers for early oral cancer detection. Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, along with altered amino acid profiles, may create pre-cancerous conditions. Notably, along with altered amino acid profiles, IL-6 levels progressively increase from smoking to oral cancer, highlighting its potential role in cancer progression.
{"title":"Smoking-induced shifts in salivary exosomal cytokines and amino acid profiles as potential early biomarkers for oral cancer","authors":"Afsareen Bano , Ravina Vats , Pooja Yadav , Mala Kamboj , Rashmi Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chronic smoking is an established risk factor for oral cancer (OC). The role of tobacco in oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) emphasizes the need for non-invasive diagnostic approaches to identify early molecular alterations and improve patient outcomes. Salivary exosomes, which contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, accessible and rich in biological content, making them interesting candidate biomarkers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Saliva samples were collected from non-smokers (<em>n</em> = 20), smokers (n = 20), and patients with oral cancer (n = 20). Salivary exosomes were isolated and characterized using various techniques, including estimation of protein concentrations and amino acid profiling using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyzed protein and amino acid peaks, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measured pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Elevated levels of salivary exosomal proteins (<em>p</em> = 0.017), IL-6 (<em>p</em> = 0.008), and IL-8 (<em>p</em> = 0.0004), along with significant alterations in amino acid profiles, were observed in smokers compared with non-smokers. Additionally, protein (<em>p</em> = 0.005) and IL-6 (<em>p</em> = 0.004) levels were significantly elevated in oral cancer compared to non-smoker group. FTIR spectroscopy revealed distinct molecular fingerprints in exosomes, highlighting changes in protein and amino acid concentrations and indicating altered metabolism.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This comparative cross-sectional study demonstrated that chronic smoking induces significant biochemical changes in salivary exosomes, establishing them as promising non-invasive biomarkers for early oral cancer detection. Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, along with altered amino acid profiles, may create pre-cancerous conditions. Notably, along with altered amino acid profiles, IL-6 levels progressively increase from smoking to oral cancer, highlighting its potential role in cancer progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":297,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 156857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156848
Kaining Jia , Yiwen Na , Qiang Lin
Background
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is associated with an increasing incidence and mortality rate while existing treatment strategies continue to exhibit considerable limitation. Studies have demonstrated that upregulation of KLF4 gene inhibits LUAD progression, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The present research explored roles and mechanisms of KLF4 and the NF-κB pathway in LUAD.
Methods
Lentiviral vectors encoding KLF4 were constructed and transduced into H1299 and A549 cells to generate stable cell lines. These stable cell lines were then injected into BALB/c mice to establish a LUAD model. Subsequently, RNA sequencing, HE staining, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, Western blotting, and flow cytometry were employed to investigate the effects of KLF4 on tumor growth, invasion, immune cell infiltration, and related signaling pathways. Finally, dual-luciferase and in vivo mouse experiments were conducted to validate the molecular mechanisms.
Results
KLF4 significantly reduced tumor cell invasion while promoted tumor cell necrosis. Transcriptomic sequencing identified CXCR2 as a target gene and the NF-κB signaling pathway associated with immune infiltration regulation. KLF4 downregulated NF-κB2 and CXCR2 expression, concomitantly decreasing tumor cell invasiveness but increasing levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and macrophages.
Conclusion
NF-κB and CXCR2 play an important role in KLF4-mediated immune infiltration, thereby inhibiting tumor invasion and promoting tumor cell apoptosis in mice.
{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of transcription factor KLF4-mediated immune infiltration influencing lung adenocarcinoma invasion","authors":"Kaining Jia , Yiwen Na , Qiang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is associated with an increasing incidence and mortality rate while existing treatment strategies continue to exhibit considerable limitation. Studies have demonstrated that upregulation of KLF4 gene inhibits LUAD progression, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The present research explored roles and mechanisms of KLF4 and the NF-κB pathway in LUAD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Lentiviral vectors encoding KLF4 were constructed and transduced into H1299 and A549 cells to generate stable cell lines. These stable cell lines were then injected into BALB/c mice to establish a LUAD model. Subsequently, RNA sequencing, HE staining, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, Western blotting, and flow cytometry were employed to investigate the effects of KLF4 on tumor growth, invasion, immune cell infiltration, and related signaling pathways. Finally, dual-luciferase and in vivo mouse experiments were conducted to validate the molecular mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>KLF4 significantly reduced tumor cell invasion while promoted tumor cell necrosis. Transcriptomic sequencing identified CXCR2 as a target gene and the NF-κB signaling pathway associated with immune infiltration regulation. KLF4 downregulated NF-κB2 and CXCR2 expression, concomitantly decreasing tumor cell invasiveness but increasing levels of CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and macrophages.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>NF-κB and CXCR2 play an important role in KLF4-mediated immune infiltration, thereby inhibiting tumor invasion and promoting tumor cell apoptosis in mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":297,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 156848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are heterogeneous neoplasms that originate from bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem cells. S100A8 and S100A9 (S100A8/9) are crucial molecules involved in the innate immune pathogenesis of MDS. This study aimed to explore the value of these molecules in the differential diagnosis of MDS, and analyze the correlations between their concentrations and clinical characteristics.
Methods
We measured the concentrations of S100A8/9 in BM supernatant from patients newly diagnosed with MDS (n = 80) or aplastic anemia (AA) (n = 26) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlations between clinical characteristics and S100A8/9 were explored based on patients' clinical information.
Results
Our study found the concentrations of S100A8/9 in the BM supernatant of MDS patients were significantly higher than those in AA patients (Both P < 0.05). The concentrations of S100A8/9 in the group of very low/low/partial intermediate (IPSS-R score ≤ 3.5) risk MDS patients were also higher than those in AA patients (Both P < 0.05). The serial or parallel diagnostic tests combining these two molecules for differentiating IPSS-R score ≤ 3.5 MDS and AA yielded high positive or negative predictive values, respectively. Moreover, the concentrations of S100A8/9 in MDS patients were positively correlated with the patients' age and the proportion of granulocytic series in BM (All P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the concentrations of the two molecules had significantly negative correlations with the proportion of erythrocytic series in BM (Both P < 0.05). However, intergroup differences in concentrations of S100A8/9 were not significant among different MDS risk groups, whether by IPSS-R or IPSS-M (All P > 0.05).
Conclusion
The concentrations of S100A8/9 in BM supernatant have potential value in the differential diagnosis of MDS and AA. The correlations between the molecules' concentrations and clinical characteristics could provide new perspectives for future research in MDS.
{"title":"The diagnostic value and clinical correlations of bone marrow supernatant S100A8 and S100A9 in myelodysplastic neoplasms","authors":"Xuefeng Li, Qing Li, Xinrong Xiang, Xin Zhang, Yu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are heterogeneous neoplasms that originate from bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem cells. S100A8 and S100A9 (S100A8/9) are crucial molecules involved in the innate immune pathogenesis of MDS. This study aimed to explore the value of these molecules in the differential diagnosis of MDS, and analyze the correlations between their concentrations and clinical characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We measured the concentrations of S100A8/9 in BM supernatant from patients newly diagnosed with MDS (<em>n</em> = 80) or aplastic anemia (AA) (<em>n</em> = 26) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlations between clinical characteristics and S100A8/9 were explored based on patients' clinical information.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our study found the concentrations of S100A8/9 in the BM supernatant of MDS patients were significantly higher than those in AA patients (Both <em>P</em> < 0.05). The concentrations of S100A8/9 in the group of very low/low/partial intermediate (IPSS-R score ≤ 3.5) risk MDS patients were also higher than those in AA patients (Both <em>P</em> < 0.05). The serial or parallel diagnostic tests combining these two molecules for differentiating IPSS-R score ≤ 3.5 MDS and AA yielded high positive or negative predictive values, respectively. Moreover, the concentrations of S100A8/9 in MDS patients were positively correlated with the patients' age and the proportion of granulocytic series in BM (All <em>P</em> < 0.05). Meanwhile, the concentrations of the two molecules had significantly negative correlations with the proportion of erythrocytic series in BM (Both <em>P</em> < 0.05). However, intergroup differences in concentrations of S100A8/9 were not significant among different MDS risk groups, whether by IPSS-R or IPSS-M (All <em>P</em> > 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The concentrations of S100A8/9 in BM supernatant have potential value in the differential diagnosis of MDS and AA. The correlations between the molecules' concentrations and clinical characteristics could provide new perspectives for future research in MDS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":297,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 156856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156853
Reem Salim Sultan Al-Lami , Jabbar Hameed Yenzeel Al-Hilfy
Objectives
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone architecture, resulting in bone strength reduction and increased fracture susceptibility. Estrogen deficiency in post-menopausal women is possibly responsible for the instability between bone formation and resorption, which is managed by specific osteoclastogenic cytokines that may be leading to resorption. This study aims to estimation of the concentrations of interleukins −8, −17, −22, beside to certain parameters in blood serum and explained their roles in the development of osteoporosis pathogenicity in postmenopausal women.
Materials and Methods
A case-control study included 108 Iraqi postmenopausal women participants their ages ranged between 45 and 70 years. All participants subjected to the DEXA scan, 58 samples were osteoporotic patients, whereas 50 were healthy controls. Blood samples collected from all participants in order to assess the levels of interleukins −8, −17, −22, CBC, CRP, RF, and ACPA.
Results
The concentrations of IL-8, −17, −22, ESR, PLT, CRP, RF and ACPA exhibited a positive correlation with OP development. Conversely, WBC and HGB concentrations showed a negative association with osteoporosis.
Conclusion
A remarkable relationship was obtained between the values of IL-8, 17, −22, CRP, RF, ACPA, ESR, PLT and osteoporosis but in contrary with WBCs and HGB. IL-8, −17, and − 22 can be linked to specific inflammatory diseases associated with the postmenopausal period, may act as one of the main biomarkers for osteoporosis due to their ability to stimulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, and may be considered potential prognostic factors for osteoporosis.
{"title":"Role of Interleukins-8, -17 and -22 in Iraqi postmenopausal women with Osteoporosis","authors":"Reem Salim Sultan Al-Lami , Jabbar Hameed Yenzeel Al-Hilfy","doi":"10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone architecture, resulting in bone strength reduction and increased fracture susceptibility. Estrogen deficiency in post-menopausal women is possibly responsible for the instability between bone formation and resorption, which is managed by specific osteoclastogenic cytokines that may be leading to resorption. This study aims to estimation of the concentrations of interleukins −8, −17, −22, beside to certain parameters in blood serum and explained their roles in the development of osteoporosis pathogenicity in postmenopausal women.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>A case-control study included 108 Iraqi postmenopausal women participants their ages ranged between 45 and 70 years. All participants subjected to the DEXA scan, 58 samples were osteoporotic patients, whereas 50 were healthy controls. Blood samples collected from all participants in order to assess the levels of interleukins −8, −17, −22, CBC, CRP, RF, and ACPA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The concentrations of IL-8, −17, −22, ESR, PLT, CRP, RF and ACPA exhibited a positive correlation with OP development. Conversely, WBC and HGB concentrations showed a negative association with osteoporosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A remarkable relationship was obtained between the values of IL-8, 17, −22, CRP, RF, ACPA, ESR, PLT and osteoporosis but in contrary with WBCs and HGB. IL-8, −17, and − 22 can be linked to specific inflammatory diseases associated with the postmenopausal period, may act as one of the main biomarkers for osteoporosis due to their ability to stimulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, and may be considered potential prognostic factors for osteoporosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":297,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 156853"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142942114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156828
Yuqi Liu , Han Wang , Shihan Zhao , Zhenjiang Wang , Lijuan Yang , Jihong Zhang , Qinlong Hou , ZiShen Xiao , Pengmin Wang , Yanbo Liu
Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is one of the most common malignant tumours of the female genital tract. In the occurrence, progression and prognosis of UCEC, chronic inflammation plays an important role, making it pivotal to identify inflammatory response-related endometrial diseases. The cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33) plays significant roles in immune responses, and has been associated with inappropriate allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, and cancer pathology. In the past decade, studies have begun to uncover the pivotal roles of IL-33 in shaping tumour microenvironment (TME), where it may promote or inhibit tumorigenesis and development depending on the specific tumour types. However, the association between IL-33 expression and UCEC remains unclear. Here we investigated the expression profiles of IL-33 in pan-cancer based on TCGA database. Then, differential gene expression analysis and correlation analysis of IL-33 was investigated in UCEC. In addition, functional enrichment analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were performed to predict the potential function of IL-33 and its role in the prognosis of UCEC patients. Also, a nomogram model was constructed to predict the prognosis of UCEC. The expression of the inflammatory factor NF-κB p65 and the IL-33, along with its receptor ST2, was analyzed in UCEC tumour tissues and normal tissues of clinical specimens through immunohistochemical staining. Meanwhile, we used toluidine blue staining and methanol Congo red staining to observe the infiltration of mast cells and eosinophils in the endometrial tissue. The results of Kaplan–Meier plotter data indicated that patients with lower IL-33 expression had poorer progression-free interval than those with higher expression. Based on the results of multifactor Cox regression, a nomogram was generated to predict UCEC occurrence risk and prognosis. Clinical specimen characteristics also confirmed a negative correlation between IL-33 expression and UCEC staging and grading. This comprehensive analysis of IL-33, based on bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry, revealed that IL-33 has the function of inhibiting UCEC occurrence and progression and can be served as a beneficial prognostic marker in the clinic.
{"title":"Prognostic value and clinical significance of IL-33 expression in patients with uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma","authors":"Yuqi Liu , Han Wang , Shihan Zhao , Zhenjiang Wang , Lijuan Yang , Jihong Zhang , Qinlong Hou , ZiShen Xiao , Pengmin Wang , Yanbo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is one of the most common malignant tumours of the female genital tract. In the occurrence, progression and prognosis of UCEC, chronic inflammation plays an important role, making it pivotal to identify inflammatory response-related endometrial diseases. The cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33) plays significant roles in immune responses, and has been associated with inappropriate allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, and cancer pathology. In the past decade, studies have begun to uncover the pivotal roles of IL-33 in shaping tumour microenvironment (TME), where it may promote or inhibit tumorigenesis and development depending on the specific tumour types. However, the association between IL-33 expression and UCEC remains unclear. Here we investigated the expression profiles of IL-33 in pan-cancer based on TCGA database. Then, differential gene expression analysis and correlation analysis of IL-33 was investigated in UCEC. In addition, functional enrichment analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were performed to predict the potential function of IL-33 and its role in the prognosis of UCEC patients. Also, a nomogram model was constructed to predict the prognosis of UCEC. The expression of the inflammatory factor NF-κB p65 and the IL-33, along with its receptor ST2, was analyzed in UCEC tumour tissues and normal tissues of clinical specimens through immunohistochemical staining. Meanwhile, we used toluidine blue staining and methanol Congo red staining to observe the infiltration of mast cells and eosinophils in the endometrial tissue. The results of Kaplan–Meier plotter data indicated that patients with lower IL-33 expression had poorer progression-free interval than those with higher expression. Based on the results of multifactor Cox regression, a nomogram was generated to predict UCEC occurrence risk and prognosis. Clinical specimen characteristics also confirmed a negative correlation between IL-33 expression and UCEC staging and grading. This comprehensive analysis of IL-33, based on bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry, revealed that IL-33 has the function of inhibiting UCEC occurrence and progression and can be served as a beneficial prognostic marker in the clinic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":297,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 156828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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