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The Schools Ain’t What They Used to Be and Never Was – 21st Century Schools, Learners, and Teachers 21世纪的学校、学习者和教师不再是过去的学校,也不再是过去的学校
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15760/nwjte.2011.9.2.15
C. Kawalilak, J. Paul
This writing presents our views, as university teacher educators and scholars, concerning some issues pertaining to the readiness of contemporary Canadian education to move forward, well, with confidence and competence, into the mid-21 st Century. We posit that all which is possible, educationally, lives in the give and take between Canadian education‘s geo-political, economic and linguistic past, the current functioning of contemporary schools as contested learning and teaching sites, and the increasing impacts of globalisation. We draw from guiding adult education principles in support of an enriched and expanded commitment to teacher professional development as a pathway to sustainable education reform.
这篇文章提出了我们作为大学教师、教育工作者和学者的观点,关于当代加拿大教育是否准备好,满怀信心和能力,迈向21世纪中期的一些问题。我们认为,在教育方面,所有可能的事情都存在于加拿大教育的地缘政治、经济和语言过去、当代学校作为有争议的学习和教学场所的当前功能以及全球化日益增长的影响之间的相互作用。我们借鉴成人教育指导原则,支持对教师专业发展作出丰富和扩大的承诺,将其作为实现可持续教育改革的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment in Special Education Teacher Preparation: An Examination of Practices 特殊教育教师培养评估:实践检验
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15760/NWJTE.2019.14.2.1
Michelle Simmons, L. Sharp
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引用次数: 0
A Co-Inquiry into What Matters Most in Written Reflections:A Co-Inquiry into What Matters Most in Written Reflections: Helping Students Integrate Cognition and Affect 书面反思中最重要内容的共同探究:书面反思中最重要内容的共同探究:帮助学生整合认知与情感
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15760/nwjte.2012.9.2.6
Jody Bault, Ray Wolpow, C. Werder
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引用次数: 0
The Importance of Using Technology-Enhanced 21st Century Literacy Skills To Support Culture and Diversity In The Classroom 利用技术增强的21世纪识字技能在课堂上支持文化和多样性的重要性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15760/NWJTE.2011.9.2.16
Sonia Lopez-Lopez, Ibtesam Hussein, Maysoun Ali
Teaching in today‘s classrooms is not the same as it has been in the past; that is what teachers claim. There is a new generation of students, with new expectations and capacities, coming into the classroom. The Internet and technology in general are used everywhere to communicate and interact with others. Today, students are looking for different interactions and ways of learning in the classroom. Therefore, technology should be used not only because students are using new technologies ubiquitously outside of the classroom, but also because the use of technology can enrich students‘ understandings of diversity and culture, which can foster collaboration, participation, and collective intelligence.
今天的课堂教学与过去不同;这是老师们的说法。新一代的学生带着新的期望和能力走进了教室。总的来说,互联网和技术在任何地方都被用来与他人交流和互动。今天,学生们在课堂上寻找不同的互动和学习方式。因此,应该使用技术,不仅因为学生在课堂外无处不在地使用新技术,而且因为技术的使用可以丰富学生对多样性和文化的理解,这可以促进合作、参与和集体智慧。
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引用次数: 1
Revisiting Teacher Leadership: Perceptions of Teachers and Principals 重新审视教师领导:教师与校长的认知
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15760/nwjte.2011.9.2.3
Suzanne Harrison, Ginny D. Birky
The purpose of this qualitative study was to discover perceptions of teachers and principals regarding teacher leadership. The researchers investigated how selected Oregon teachers and administrators defined teacher leadership, as well as how they perceived roles, characteristics, and qualities of teacher leaders. Four themes emerged from the results: collaboration, interpersonal relationships, managing the work, and teaching and learning. Results showed that teacher leaders often acted in a collaborative environment and expected colleagues and administrators to be collaborative. Developing and maintaining positive relational skills were of importance, particularly related to caring and serving, as well as the dispositions of honesty, empathy, trustworthiness, and being a good listener. Managing work-related tasks was mentioned frequently: focusing on the vision for the school, enhancing the mission, chairing a committee, developing plans, and initiating tasks. Activities related to teaching and learning were of importance: planning, implementing, and evaluating instructional practices and student outcomes.
本质性研究的目的是探讨教师与校长对教师领导的看法。研究人员调查了俄勒冈州的教师和行政人员如何定义教师领导,以及他们如何看待教师领导的角色、特征和品质。结果显示出四个主题:协作、人际关系、工作管理、教与学。结果表明,教师领导经常在协作环境中行动,并期望同事和管理人员合作。发展和保持积极的人际关系技能是很重要的,特别是与关怀和服务,以及诚实、同理心、值得信赖和成为一个好的倾听者的性格有关。管理与工作相关的任务被频繁提及:关注学校的愿景,增强使命,主持委员会,制定计划,启动任务。与教与学相关的活动很重要:规划、实施和评估教学实践和学生成果。
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引用次数: 4
Teacher as Researcher: An Essential Component of Teacher Preparation 作为研究者的教师:教师准备的重要组成部分
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15760/NWJTE.2011.9.2.2
K. Campbell, Counseling
This article provides a brief synthesis of research findings from studies of teacher education programs that include attention to teacher research. It then details findings from a study of beginning teachers who learned about and conducted teacher research in their preservice M.A.T. program. Surveys and follow-up interviews show that these beginning teachers (2-6 years in the field) utilize a variety of research strategies, and the data from their classroom inquiry informs and sustains their work. Teacher research is more than just a requirement of their teacher preparation program; it is an essential habit of their classroom practice. Teacher quality is a hot topic for politicians, parents, students, educators, and community members. The relationship between teacher quality and teacher preparation is under scrutiny. What do teachers need to know? What is the best way to support this knowledge development? How do we ensure that teachers are prepared to educate 21 st century learners? In the midst of conversations about multiple routes into teaching, school-based residency programs, and greater attention to clinical practice, one curriculum trend is receiving attention: teachers as researchers. The assumption is that ―teachers need to gather, interpret, and use data about students‘ learning and other aspects of teaching, learning, and schooling to continually rethink and improve their teaching practice.‖ This focus on teacher research is not new to teacher education. A number of education researchers have written about the need for teacher research as part of beginning teacher preparation programs (Graham & Hudson-Ross, 1999; Kosnick, 2000; Monroe, Gali, Swope, & Perreira, 2007; Moore, 1999b; Ostorga & Lopez, 2009). This research recognizes that teacher researchers are uniquely positioned to provide an insider‘s view that ―makes visible the way that students and teachers together construct knowledge and curriculum‖ (Cochran-Smith & Lytle, 1993, p. 43). John Dewey (1929) noted the value of teacher research, ―It seems to me that the contributions that might come from classroom teachers are a comparatively neglected field; or to change the metaphor, an almost unworked mine....‖ (p. 17). Teacher research supports ―a different theory of knowledge for teaching—one in which teachers are among those who are knowers‖ (Cochran-Smith & Lytle, 1993, p. 61). Several features define or explain teacher research: (a) teacher researchers have an insider, or emic perspective; (b) they mix theory and practice (praxis) while teaching and researching within their classroom worlds; (c) teacher research is pragmatic and goal-oriented—there are practical classroom problems that need to be solved; and (d) teacher research involves disciplined inquiry (Shulman, 1997) which means that studies are intentional and systematically conducted (Baumann & Duffy, 2001, p. 611). My synthesis of studies that examine teacher preparation programs that include attention to teacher resear
本文对包括对教师研究的关注在内的教师教育项目的研究结果进行了简要的综合。然后,它详细介绍了一项对初级教师的研究结果,这些教师在他们的职前M.A.T.项目中学习并进行了教师研究。调查和后续访谈表明,这些初学教师(在该领域工作2-6年)使用各种研究策略,他们课堂调查的数据为他们的工作提供了信息和支持。教师研究不仅仅是教师培训计划的要求;这是他们课堂练习的基本习惯。教师素质是政治家、家长、学生、教育工作者和社区成员的热门话题。教师素质与教师准备之间的关系正受到密切关注。教师需要知道什么?支持这种知识发展的最佳方式是什么?我们如何确保教师为教育21世纪的学习者做好准备?在关于多种途径进入教学、以学校为基础的住院医师计划以及对临床实践的更多关注的讨论中,一个课程趋势正在受到关注:教师作为研究人员。假设教师需要收集、解释和使用关于学生学习以及教学、学习和学校教育的其他方面的数据,以不断反思和改进他们的教学实践。‖对教师研究的关注对教师教育来说并不新鲜。许多教育研究者已经写过关于教师研究作为教师预备课程的一部分的必要性(Graham & Hudson-Ross, 1999;Kosnick, 2000;Monroe, Gali, Swope, & Perreira, 2007;摩尔,1999 b;Ostorga & Lopez, 2009)。这项研究认识到,教师研究人员具有独特的地位,可以提供一个局内人的观点,使学生和教师共同构建知识和课程的方式变得可见(Cochran-Smith & Lytle, 1993,第43页)。约翰·杜威(1929)指出了教师研究的价值,在我看来,课堂教师的贡献可能是一个相对被忽视的领域;或者换个比喻,一个几乎未开采的矿井....‖(第17页)。教师研究支持一种不同的教学知识理论,即教师是知者之一(Cochran-Smith & Lytle, 1993, p. 61)。以下几个特征定义或解释了教师研究:(a)教师研究者具有局内人或主体性的视角;(b)他们将理论与实践(实践)相结合,同时在课堂上进行教学和研究;(c)教师研究是务实和目标导向的——有实际的课堂问题需要解决;(d)教师研究涉及有纪律的探究(Shulman, 1997),这意味着研究是有意和系统地进行的(Baumann & Duffy, 2001, p. 611)。我综合研究了包括对教师研究的关注在内的教师准备项目,发现这些项目的毕业生:•获得了关于教学和课程的各种知识(Baumann & Duffy, 1 Hill Campbell:教师作为研究者:教师准备的重要组成部分,出版于PDXScholar, 2011 24 NORTHWEST PASSAGE, 9(2) 2001;Kosnick, 2000;McEwan, Field, Kawamoto & Among, 1997;摩尔,1999;Rock & Levin, 2002)。•探索他们作为老师的自我意识(Rock & Levin, 2002)。•了解学生,包括了解学生的观点和学习需求(Duffield & Townsend, 1999;Kosnick, 2000;摩尔,1999;Rock & Levin, 2002)。•阐明自己的教学理论(Baumann & Duffy, 2001;门罗,加利,斯沃普&佩雷拉,2007;摩尔,1999;Ostorga & Lopez, 2009;Rock & Levin, 2002)。•获得了作为专业教师角色的探究、反思、行动和变化过程的意识和欣赏(Kosnick, 2000;麦克尤恩等人,1997;门罗,加利,斯沃普&佩雷拉,2007;Ostorga & Lopez, 2009;摩尔,1999;Rock & Levin, 2002)。尽管有这些发现,教师研究并没有成为大多数教师培训项目的标准课程组成部分。但随着对教师准备工作的日益重视,人们对教师自己进行课堂研究的兴趣越来越大。“教师作为研究人员”被认为是教育领导教师准备的新方向(Cochran-Smith & Power, 2010, p. 11)。他们列举了几个例子,包括新罕布什尔大学的预备课程,即教师候选人在一所学校完成为期一年的实习,提出问题,收集学生的学习数据,并根据这些数据修改课程和教学。在过去的十年里,作为一名教师教育工作者,我的工作重点是让初学教师在自己的课堂上成为研究人员。初中/高中硕士课程的职前教师候选人 这些数据收集和分析方法提供了一个详细的、复杂的、整体的画面
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引用次数: 5
Model for Successful Collaboration: Working with an American Indian Reservation School 成功合作的典范:与美国印第安人保留地学校合作
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15760/NWJTE.2007.5.1.3
Janice L. Hall, Beverly J. Klug
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引用次数: 0
Professional Musings on Professional Development: Teacher Development in A New Key 专业发展的专业思考:教师发展的新思路
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15760/NWJTE.2007.5.1.5
R. Sawyer
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引用次数: 3
Perceptions of Teacher-Writers: Initial Influences to Write 教师作家的观念:对写作的最初影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15760/NWJTE.2019.14.2.4
S. Daniels, Pamela Beck
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引用次数: 0
Critical Inquiry and Collaborative Action: Transforming a College of Education to Recruit and Retain Underrepresented Populations to Teacher Education 批判性探究和合作行动:将教育学院转变为招募和保留代表性不足的人群进行教师教育
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15760/NWJTE.2011.9.2.5
Marilyn Chu, D. Carroll, M. T. Flores, Kristen B. French
This documentary account describes how a task force comprised of college of education faculty and university admissions staff from a medium sized comprehensive university engaged in a critical inquiry process to address the issue of recruiting and retaining underrepresented students in teacher education (i.e., men and culturally and linguistically diverse students). The group examined the issues and challenges associated with an education college‘s recruitment, application, selection and retention processes. The paper suggests how critical inquiry groups of higher education faculty and staff may support the transformation of policies, practices and relationships needed to increase the number of teacher candidates from non-dominant communities. The purpose of this documentary account is to describe how a task force comprised of college of education faculty and university admissions staff from a medium sized comprehensive university engaged in a critical inquiry process (Nieto & Bode, 2008; Darling-Hammond, French & Garcia-Lopez, 2002) to address the issue of recruiting and retaining underrepresented students in teacher education (i.e., culturally and linguistically diverse students and men in elementary education). The critical inquiry process engaged key stakeholders from October 2009 to May 2010 in monthly meetings focused on the sharing of theoretical and empirical research in a collaborative task force, the investigation and analysis of demographic and program data, and the development of collectively warranted recommendations (Carroll, 2006). The document produced out of this collaboration was endorsed by college leadership and faculty and lead to the implementation of programmatic and professional development action steps to address critical issues. This account illustrates a promising approach to multi-level institutional change through the development of ―critical communities‖ of colleagues (French, Chu and Yasui, 2010) engaged in ―cultural praxis‖ (Goto, French, Timmons Flores & Lawrence, 2011). This account involves a large teacher education program contending with the nation-wide dilemma of how to achieve a better match between the demographics of the teaching force and that of the P-12 student population. A key charge of the task force was to embody the promise of the college‘s mission to "foster community relationships and a culture of learning that advance knowledge, embrace diversity and promote social justice." Over the previous five years, college wide application and enrollment data for teacher candidates of color ranged from 6-15%, in a state with over 37% of the P-12 school enrollment identifying as students of color (OSPI, 2010). A ―demographic urgency‖ became apparent as data were analyzed, revealing a striking mismatch between the population of teacher candidates and the P-12 population (Sleeter & Milner, 2011). While this is a nation-wide problem, Washington State ranks next to last among all states in the mis-match between
本纪录片描述了一个由教育学院教员和一所中等规模综合性大学的大学招生人员组成的工作队如何参与一个关键的调查过程,以解决在教师教育中招聘和留住代表性不足的学生(即男性和文化和语言多样化的学生)的问题。该小组研究了与教育学院的招聘、申请、选拔和保留过程相关的问题和挑战。本文建议高等教育教职员工的关键调查小组如何支持政策、实践和关系的转变,以增加来自非主导社区的教师候选人数量。本纪录片的目的是描述一个由中等规模的综合性大学的教育学院教师和大学招生人员组成的工作组是如何参与批判性调查过程的(nieto&bode, 2008;Darling-Hammond, French & Garcia-Lopez, 2002),以解决在教师教育中招募和留住代表性不足的学生的问题(即,在小学教育中,文化和语言多样化的学生和男性)。从2009年10月到2010年5月,关键的调查过程让主要利益相关者参加了每月的会议,重点是在合作工作组中分享理论和实证研究,调查和分析人口统计和项目数据,以及制定集体保证的建议(Carroll, 2006)。这次合作产生的文件得到了学院领导和教职员工的认可,并导致了解决关键问题的程序性和专业发展行动步骤的实施。这一解释说明了一种有希望的多层次制度变革方法,即通过发展从事“文化实践”的同事(French, Chu和Yasui, 2010)的“批判性社区”(Goto, French, Timmons Flores & Lawrence, 2011)。这篇文章涉及到一个庞大的教师教育项目,该项目面临着一个全国性的难题:如何在教师队伍的人口结构和P-12学生的人口结构之间实现更好的匹配。该工作组的一个关键职责是体现学院的使命承诺,即“促进社区关系和学习文化,促进知识,拥抱多样性,促进社会正义。”在过去的五年里,有色人种教师候选人的大学申请和招生数据在6-15%之间,在一个P-12学校超过37%的学生是有色人种的州(OSPI, 2010)。随着数据的分析,“人口紧迫性”变得明显,揭示了教师候选人和P-12人口之间惊人的不匹配(Sleeter & Milner, 2011)。虽然这是一个全国性的问题,但华盛顿州在其教师和学生的人口统计不匹配方面在所有州中排名倒数第二(OSPI, 2010, Peterson & Nadle, 2009)。1 Chu等人:《批判性探究和合作行动:改变一所大学》,出版于PDXScholar, 2011 FALL 2011 61自1971-72年以来,当P-12学校的非白人学生比例仅为7.5%时,发生了巨大的变化。下图说明了华盛顿快速变化的学生人口统计数据与相对不变的教师人口统计数据之间的对比。图1所示。P-12学生和教师人口统计,2001-02年至2010-11年,特别受到数据的影响,这些数据表明,非白人、低收入学生的人数继续增长,而我们的大多数教师是白人、中产阶级、只会说一种语言的女性,她们几乎没有与自己文化不同的经验(Nieto & Body, 2008)。对于那些参与这个学习社区的人来说,多元化教学职业的动机是基于对教育公平的承诺,以及多元化教师对学生的学习、同事和教职员工的学习产生影响的潜力。工作组的目的是回顾文献,收集和分析各种数据来源,发现学院和其他地方有前途的做法,并建议新的方法来增加来自非主导社区的学生获得教师培训计划的机会。在这一进程的早期,工作队成员合作澄清了他们共同的价值观和信念,以确定影响他们的解释和建议的原则。 批判性多元文化教师教育(Nieto & Bode, 2008;Timmons Flores, 2007)强调公平和多元文化/多语言能力是所有未来教师成功教授所有P-12学生所需的关键优势,这成为工作组成员开始工作的共同基础(Sleeter, 2001;Zeichner, 2009)。该小组同意詹姆斯·班克对多元文化教育的看法,即它-…主要目标是改变教育机构的结构,使男女学生,特殊的学生,学生是不同种族,民族,语言和文化群体的成员有平等的机会在学校取得学业成就(Banks & Banks, 2007, p.1)‖。《西北教师教育杂志》,第9卷,第2期[2011],第5条https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/nwjte/vol9/iss2/5 DOI: 10.15760/nwjte.2012.9.2.5 62西北通道,9(2)作为一个过程和目标,以确保-…所有群体充分和平等地参与社会……‖(Adams, Bell & Griffin, 2007),他们将公平参与作为任何招聘和保留改革议程的核心。最后,Nieto和Bode(2008)对权力问题的强调(例如,谁拥有权力,如何使用权力,谁从这种权力中受益)不仅是多元文化教育总体上的另一个主要考虑因素,也是这个工作组的工作。正如特别工作组报告中所指出的那样,在解决重新设想与多样性和社会正义相关的大学使命的问题时,小组成员开始致力于集体行动,超越个人英雄努力和自我保证的过去历史,采取切实的行动步骤,从而导致制度文化和实践的转变,最终导致大学教师候选人的人口结构发生变化(Chu & Carroll, 2010)。当工作组成员在全州和全国范围内寻找有前途的做法时,一些项目的要素出现了,指导了小组的后续工作。“管道”项目,如南加州大学的拉丁裔和语言少数民族教师项目,强调通过德威特华莱士读者文摘基金的教学职业之路项目等基金会的支持,从特定社区招募辅助专业人员。该项目始于20世纪90年代中期,通过强调学生群体、现场教师导师和在自己学校实习的研讨会,对数百名双语教师进行了认证(Sleeter & Milner, 2011;Zeichner, 2009;Genzuk & Baca, 1998)。成功的“管道”模式的要素引起了许多工作组成员的共鸣,他们曾在其他机构参与支持双语高中毕业生和辅助教育工作者获得高等教育的机会,完成他们的学位,并解决招聘和保留代表性不足的候选人方面的挑战(Chu, Martinez-Griego, Cronin, 2010;白皮书等,出版中)。与此同时,批判性对话将小组的意识集中在一种“职业种族主义”上,这种观点认为,如果有色人种教师的数量增加,P-12的成就差距将会缩小,文化上胜任的教学法将自动增加(盖伊,2010)。该小组认识到,这项任务不仅是要增加背景与学生群体更匹配的未来教师的数量,而且要更好地为所有教师候选人做好准备,使他们能够跨越文化、语言和社会经济差异进行有效的教学。然而,Sleeter和Milner (2011, p. 84)也承认,-…对多元化教学力量的价值的研究太引人注目,忽视了有色人种和所有学生的潜在利益‖。他们描述的好处包括,有色人种教师可以为更多样化的学生树立榜样,改变白人学生对有色人种能力的看法,提供适当的基于文化或语言的教学方法,并扩大学校教学人员的观点。因此,虽然衡量小组有效性的一个核心指标是有色人种申请项目的人数的增加,但人们的注意力仍然集中在改变因素上,这些因素将在大学里创建一个项目和文化,以支持所有候选人向所有孩子传授与文化相
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引用次数: 3
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Northwest Journal of Teacher Education
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