Abstract This article analyses the mechanisms that contributed to the 30-year predominance of the Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS) in Montenegro. The authors pay particular attention to the DPS’ programmatic flexibility, use of co-optation, repression and control, as well as clientelism, examining their role in shaping state–society relations and party competition over time. In doing so, the article also seeks to explain the DPS’ setback in the 2020 elections and the ongoing transition from a dominant party system towards a more competitive multiparty system.
摘要本文分析了黑山社会主义民主党(Democratic Party of Socialists, DPS) 30年执政的机制。作者特别关注了DPS在方案上的灵活性、对合作、镇压和控制的使用，以及裙带主义，并考察了他们在长期塑造国家社会关系和政党竞争中的作用。在此过程中，文章还试图解释民主党在2020年选举中的挫折，以及正在进行的从主导政党制度向更具竞争力的多党制的过渡。
{"title":"Mechanisms of Dominance: Understanding 30 Years in Power of Montenegro’s Democratic Party of Socialists","authors":"C. Laštro, F. Bieber, Jovana Marović","doi":"10.1515/soeu-2022-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2022-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article analyses the mechanisms that contributed to the 30-year predominance of the Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS) in Montenegro. The authors pay particular attention to the DPS’ programmatic flexibility, use of co-optation, repression and control, as well as clientelism, examining their role in shaping state–society relations and party competition over time. In doing so, the article also seeks to explain the DPS’ setback in the 2020 elections and the ongoing transition from a dominant party system towards a more competitive multiparty system.","PeriodicalId":29828,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Southeast European Studies","volume":"71 1","pages":"210 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42915589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The author gives an inventory of Simon Wiesenthal’s advocacy for Bosnia during the 1992–1995 war. Though Wiesenthal played an active role in speaking up for Bosnia, his activism has been largely neglected in the existing literature. Based on primary sources at the Simon Wiesenthal Archive in Vienna, this article pieces together the story of how the famed Nazi hunter supported Bosnia-Herzegovina. Wiesenthal acted by speaking up about the atrocities in Bosnia, writing letters to influential decision-makers, and keeping Bosnia on the agenda. He supported a greater and more assertive American involvement to end the war and was a strong advocate of a UN war crimes tribunal, which materialized as the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). By lending his voice and moral stature, Wiesenthal helped shape public opinion in favour of a more assertive international reaction to the war.
{"title":"A Supporter in Vienna: Simon Wiesenthal and the War in Bosnia","authors":"H. Karčić","doi":"10.1515/soeu-2022-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2022-0057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The author gives an inventory of Simon Wiesenthal’s advocacy for Bosnia during the 1992–1995 war. Though Wiesenthal played an active role in speaking up for Bosnia, his activism has been largely neglected in the existing literature. Based on primary sources at the Simon Wiesenthal Archive in Vienna, this article pieces together the story of how the famed Nazi hunter supported Bosnia-Herzegovina. Wiesenthal acted by speaking up about the atrocities in Bosnia, writing letters to influential decision-makers, and keeping Bosnia on the agenda. He supported a greater and more assertive American involvement to end the war and was a strong advocate of a UN war crimes tribunal, which materialized as the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). By lending his voice and moral stature, Wiesenthal helped shape public opinion in favour of a more assertive international reaction to the war.","PeriodicalId":29828,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Southeast European Studies","volume":"71 1","pages":"169 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47689186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Christophe Solioz: Viva La Transición: The Balkans from the Post-Wall Era to Post-Crisis Future","authors":"S. Keil","doi":"10.1515/soeu-2022-0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2022-0063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29828,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Southeast European Studies","volume":"71 1","pages":"255 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49534933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article has an empirical and a conceptual aim. The first aim is to provide additional historical depth to recent analyses of the “Balkan Route” through Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) with a reconstruction of the making of a border/mobility assemblage during the first two and a half decades of that state’s existence. These processes occurred under direct foreign supervision and were framed in terms of the conditionality of the “Road into Europe” specific to the European semiperiphery. The second aim concerns a prominent feature in recent studies of borders and mobility: the use of assemblage theory. I use my historical analysis to reflect on the implications of that theory’s programmatic call to foreground heterogeneity and provisionality. Specifically, in tracing patterns and tensions in the bordering of BiH I call attention to the importance of actors’ encounters with already-assembled hierarchical configurations, provisional but effective at the time of the encounter.
{"title":"How Bosnia and Herzegovina Was Bordered: The Supervised Making of a Border/Mobility Assemblage in the European Semiperiphery","authors":"Stef Jansen","doi":"10.1515/soeu-2022-0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2022-0067","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article has an empirical and a conceptual aim. The first aim is to provide additional historical depth to recent analyses of the “Balkan Route” through Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) with a reconstruction of the making of a border/mobility assemblage during the first two and a half decades of that state’s existence. These processes occurred under direct foreign supervision and were framed in terms of the conditionality of the “Road into Europe” specific to the European semiperiphery. The second aim concerns a prominent feature in recent studies of borders and mobility: the use of assemblage theory. I use my historical analysis to reflect on the implications of that theory’s programmatic call to foreground heterogeneity and provisionality. Specifically, in tracing patterns and tensions in the bordering of BiH I call attention to the importance of actors’ encounters with already-assembled hierarchical configurations, provisional but effective at the time of the encounter.","PeriodicalId":29828,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Southeast European Studies","volume":"71 1","pages":"190 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46892461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01Epub Date: 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1177/13506501221132897
Jonah M Rosas, Dixon J Atkins, Allison L Chau, Yen-Tsung Chen, Rachel Bae, Megan K Cavanaugh, Ricardo I Espinosa Lima, Andrew Bordeos, Michael G Bryant, Angela A Pitenis
Silicone elastomer medical implants are ubiquitous in medicine, particularly for breast augmentation. However, when these devices are placed within the body, disruption of the natural biological interfaces occurs, which significantly changes the native energy-dissipation mechanisms of living systems. These new interfaces can introduce non-physiological contact pressures and tribological conditions that provoke inflammation and soft tissue damage. Despite their significance, the biotribological properties of implant-tissue and implant-extracellular matrix (ECM) interfaces remain poorly understood. Here, we developed an in vitro model of soft tissue damage using a custom-built in situ biotribometer mounted onto a confocal microscope. Sections of commercially-available silicone breast implants with distinct and clinically relevant surface roughness ( R a = 0.2 ± 0.03 μ m, 2.7 ± 0.6 μ m, and 32 ± 7.0 μ m) were mounted to spherically-capped hydrogel probes and slid against collagen-coated hydrogel surfaces as well as healthy breast epithelial (MCF10A) cell monolayers to model implant-ECM and implant-tissue interfaces. In contrast to the “smooth” silicone implants ( R a < 10 μ m), we demonstrate that the “microtextured” silicone implant ( 10 < R a < 50 μ m) induced higher frictional shear stress ( τ > 100 Pa), which led to greater collagen removal and cell rupture/delamination. Our studies may provide insights into post-implantation tribological interactions between silicone breast implants and soft tissues.
{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> models of soft tissue damage by implant-associated frictional shear stresses.","authors":"Jonah M Rosas, Dixon J Atkins, Allison L Chau, Yen-Tsung Chen, Rachel Bae, Megan K Cavanaugh, Ricardo I Espinosa Lima, Andrew Bordeos, Michael G Bryant, Angela A Pitenis","doi":"10.1177/13506501221132897","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13506501221132897","url":null,"abstract":"Silicone elastomer medical implants are ubiquitous in medicine, particularly for breast augmentation. However, when these devices are placed within the body, disruption of the natural biological interfaces occurs, which significantly changes the native energy-dissipation mechanisms of living systems. These new interfaces can introduce non-physiological contact pressures and tribological conditions that provoke inflammation and soft tissue damage. Despite their significance, the biotribological properties of implant-tissue and implant-extracellular matrix (ECM) interfaces remain poorly understood. Here, we developed an in vitro model of soft tissue damage using a custom-built in situ biotribometer mounted onto a confocal microscope. Sections of commercially-available silicone breast implants with distinct and clinically relevant surface roughness ( R a = 0.2 ± 0.03 μ m, 2.7 ± 0.6 μ m, and 32 ± 7.0 μ m) were mounted to spherically-capped hydrogel probes and slid against collagen-coated hydrogel surfaces as well as healthy breast epithelial (MCF10A) cell monolayers to model implant-ECM and implant-tissue interfaces. In contrast to the “smooth” silicone implants ( R a < 10 μ m), we demonstrate that the “microtextured” silicone implant ( 10 < R a < 50 μ m) induced higher frictional shear stress ( τ > 100 Pa), which led to greater collagen removal and cell rupture/delamination. Our studies may provide insights into post-implantation tribological interactions between silicone breast implants and soft tissues.","PeriodicalId":29828,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Southeast European Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"1264-1271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10683933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89334475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article examines the Pamiri Tajik population in China at the southwesternmost corner of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Prefecture and their struggles during numerous local natural and human-made disasters over the past decade. It explores, from the local point of view, the disaster recovery policies that function as a disguise for homogenization-oriented state-building initiatives. It examines how the local Tajik people have been reacting to and coping with natural disasters and the related relocation policy initiatives and how the disaster they are increasingly facing is the desecration of their homeland and the destruction of their traditional livelihood. The fieldwork findings reported are based on 12 years of fieldwork throughout Xinjiang, the Pamiri borderlands (both in the Pamiri region in Tajikistan and Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County in Xinjiang, China) as well as in the lowland relocation and sedentarization area in the Rabot resettlement township and the Tajik Abat resettlement township on the edge of the Taklimakan desert.
{"title":"Migration Strategies and Human-Made Disasters: Considering Tajik Migration Policy Initiatives in Tashkorgan from the Perspective of Disaster Anthropology","authors":"Tram Thi Phuong Nguyen","doi":"10.1515/soeu-2021-0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2021-0063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the Pamiri Tajik population in China at the southwesternmost corner of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Prefecture and their struggles during numerous local natural and human-made disasters over the past decade. It explores, from the local point of view, the disaster recovery policies that function as a disguise for homogenization-oriented state-building initiatives. It examines how the local Tajik people have been reacting to and coping with natural disasters and the related relocation policy initiatives and how the disaster they are increasingly facing is the desecration of their homeland and the destruction of their traditional livelihood. The fieldwork findings reported are based on 12 years of fieldwork throughout Xinjiang, the Pamiri borderlands (both in the Pamiri region in Tajikistan and Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County in Xinjiang, China) as well as in the lowland relocation and sedentarization area in the Rabot resettlement township and the Tajik Abat resettlement township on the edge of the Taklimakan desert.","PeriodicalId":29828,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Southeast European Studies","volume":"71 1","pages":"74 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49231283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Today, disasters of different kinds are inseparable from the lives of individuals and of communities. They thrust themselves into people’s existence and bring chaos to organised society, as they challenge, disrupt and change the typical patterns of relations between people and their environment, both natural and social. This subject is positioned in the relatively newly established scientific field of disaster anthropology. Taken together, the articles included have made extensive use of research material to show that human communities and their cultures are formed under the influence of the natural environment, the physical and mental characteristics of the people in them and, accordingly, of the social and economic development they themselves create. The articles examine various questions and subjects and allow comparison of the existing danger of disaster and the vulnerability of the groups affected by disaster, and consider the construction of their behavioural responses in managing disaster, and their relations at official, institutional and personal levels. There is consideration too of changes in the social environment, and of the effects of disasters on the political and economic development of the countries and communities in which they occur.
{"title":"Tackling and Regulating Disasters. An Introduction","authors":"Elya Tzaneva","doi":"10.1515/soeu-2022-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2022-0061","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Today, disasters of different kinds are inseparable from the lives of individuals and of communities. They thrust themselves into people’s existence and bring chaos to organised society, as they challenge, disrupt and change the typical patterns of relations between people and their environment, both natural and social. This subject is positioned in the relatively newly established scientific field of disaster anthropology. Taken together, the articles included have made extensive use of research material to show that human communities and their cultures are formed under the influence of the natural environment, the physical and mental characteristics of the people in them and, accordingly, of the social and economic development they themselves create. The articles examine various questions and subjects and allow comparison of the existing danger of disaster and the vulnerability of the groups affected by disaster, and consider the construction of their behavioural responses in managing disaster, and their relations at official, institutional and personal levels. There is consideration too of changes in the social environment, and of the effects of disasters on the political and economic development of the countries and communities in which they occur.","PeriodicalId":29828,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Southeast European Studies","volume":"71 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45821871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Georgia is a small, open, developing economy, situated in a key geopolitical area at the crossroads between Europe and Asia, striving to achieve greater energy and national security. Achieving energy security, however, can be challenging for a country poorly endowed with fossil fuels and with limited interactions with broader international energy markets. Georgia, luckily, has the potential to dramatically increase its energy security in the coming decades by means of greater integration with its neighbours and European energy markets, and building on the current emphasis on (and support for) energy transition and decarbonisation initiatives to fight climate change, leveraging its endowment of renewable energy sources and its strategic location between Europe and Asia.
{"title":"Energy Security Challenges and Opportunities for the Country of Georgia","authors":"Norberto Pignatti","doi":"10.1515/soeu-2022-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2022-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Georgia is a small, open, developing economy, situated in a key geopolitical area at the crossroads between Europe and Asia, striving to achieve greater energy and national security. Achieving energy security, however, can be challenging for a country poorly endowed with fossil fuels and with limited interactions with broader international energy markets. Georgia, luckily, has the potential to dramatically increase its energy security in the coming decades by means of greater integration with its neighbours and European energy markets, and building on the current emphasis on (and support for) energy transition and decarbonisation initiatives to fight climate change, leveraging its endowment of renewable energy sources and its strategic location between Europe and Asia.","PeriodicalId":29828,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Southeast European Studies","volume":"71 1","pages":"119 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49328534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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