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Adaptive Image Sensor Sampling for Limited Memory Motion Detection 有限记忆运动检测的自适应图像传感器采样
D. Gibson, H. Muller, N. Campbell
In this paper we propose that the combination of a state-of-the-art high frequency, low energy demanding microprocessor architecture combined with a highly programmable image sensor can offer a substantial reduction in cost and energy requirement when carrying out low-level visual event detection and object tracking. The XMOS microprocessor consists of a single or multi-core concurrent architecture that runs at between 400 and 1600 MIPS with 64KB per-core of on chip RAM. Modern highly programmable image sensors such as the Kodak KAC-401 can capture regions-of-interest (ROI) at rates in excess of 1500fps. To compare the difference between two 320 by 240 pixel images one would usually require 150KB of RAM, by combining the above components as a computational camera this constraint can be overcome. In the proposed system the microprocessor programs the sensor to capture images as a sequence of high frame rate regions-of-interest. These regions can be processed to determine the presence of motion as differences of ROIs over time. By providing additional cores extensive image processing can be carried out and ROI pixels can be composited onto an LCD to give output images of 320 by 240 pixels at near standard frame rates.
在本文中,我们建议将最先进的高频,低能耗微处理器架构与高度可编程的图像传感器相结合,可以在进行低级视觉事件检测和目标跟踪时大幅降低成本和能源需求。XMOS微处理器由单核或多核并发架构组成,运行速度在400到1600 MIPS之间,每核片上RAM为64KB。现代高度可编程的图像传感器,如柯达KAC-401,可以以超过1500fps的速率捕获感兴趣区域(ROI)。为了比较两个320 × 240像素的图像之间的差异,通常需要150KB的RAM,通过将上述组件组合成一个计算相机,可以克服这个限制。在提出的系统中,微处理器对传感器进行编程,以捕获作为高帧率感兴趣区域序列的图像。可以对这些区域进行处理,以确定运动作为roi随时间的差异的存在。通过提供额外的核心,可以进行广泛的图像处理,ROI像素可以合成到LCD上,以接近标准帧速率提供320 × 240像素的输出图像。
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引用次数: 1
Partial Update Conjugate Gradient Algorithms for Adaptive Filtering 自适应滤波的部分更新共轭梯度算法
B. Xie, T. Bose
In practice, computational complexity is an important consideration of an adaptive signal processing system. A well-known approach to controlling computational complexity is applying partial update (PU) adaptive filters. In this paper, a partial update conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm is employed. Theoretical analyses of mean and mean-square performance are presented. The simulation results of different PU CG algorithms are shown. The performance of PU CG algorithms are also compared with PU recursive least squares (RLS) and PU Euclidean direction search (EDS) algorithms.
在实际应用中,计算复杂度是自适应信号处理系统的一个重要考虑因素。一种众所周知的控制计算复杂度的方法是应用部分更新(PU)自适应滤波器。本文采用了一种局部更新共轭梯度(CG)算法。对均值和均方性能进行了理论分析。给出了不同PU CG算法的仿真结果。并与递推最小二乘(RLS)和欧几里德方向搜索(EDS)算法进行了性能比较。
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引用次数: 2
A Study on Real-time Responsiveness on Virtualization based Multi-OS Embedded Systems 基于虚拟化的多操作系统嵌入式系统实时响应研究
Y. Kinebuchi, Hitoshi Mitake, Y. Yasukawa, Takushi Morita, Alexandre Courbot, T. Nakajima
Despite the strong requirement of supporting deterministic real-time scheduling on virtualization based multi-OS embedded systems, which enables co-location of a real-time operating system and a generalpurpose operating system on a single device, there are few investigations in the real-world hardware. In this paper we introduce our virtualization layer called SPUMONE, which runs on single-core and multi-core SH-4A processors. SPUMONE achieves the low overhead, and requires a small amount of engineering efforts to modify guest OS kernels for executing on SPUMONE. SPUMONE now can execute the TOPPERS real-time OS and Linux as a general-purpose OS concurrently on a single embedded platform. In addition we propose two techniques to mitigate the interference of Linux to the real-time responsiveness of RTOS. The first technique leverages the interrupt priority level mechanism supported by the SH-4A processor. The second is the proactive migration of a virtual core among physical cores to prevent the Linux kernel activity from blocking the interrupts assigned to RTOS. The evaluation shows that our techniques can decrease the interrupt latency of RTOS entailed by Linux. In addition, sharing a physical core between RTOS and Linux will increase total processor utilization.
尽管基于虚拟化的多操作系统嵌入式系统支持确定性实时调度的强烈需求,使得实时操作系统和通用操作系统能够在单个设备上共存,但在实际硬件中很少有研究。在本文中,我们介绍了我们的虚拟化层SPUMONE,它运行在单核和多核SH-4A处理器上。SPUMONE实现了低开销,并且需要少量的工程努力来修改客户操作系统内核以便在SPUMONE上执行。SPUMONE现在可以在单个嵌入式平台上同时执行TOPPERS实时操作系统和Linux作为通用操作系统。此外,我们还提出了两种技术来减轻Linux对实时操作系统实时响应的干扰。第一种技术利用了SH-4A处理器支持的中断优先级机制。第二种是在物理内核之间主动迁移虚拟内核,以防止Linux内核活动阻塞分配给RTOS的中断。评估结果表明,我们的技术可以降低Linux操作系统的中断延迟。此外,在RTOS和Linux之间共享一个物理内核将提高总的处理器利用率。
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引用次数: 1
Mobile Device and Intelligent Display Interaction via Scale-invariant Image Feature Matching 基于比例不变图像特征匹配的移动设备与智能显示交互
L. Herbert, Nick E. Pears, D. Jackson, P. Olivier
We present further developments of our system that allows direction interaction between a camera-equipped hand-held device and a remote display. The essence of this system is the ability to estimate a planar projectivity between the remote display and the displayed image of that display on the handheld device. We describe how to achieve this by matching scale invariant SURF features across the two displays (remote and hand-held). We implement a prototype system and a drawing application and conduct both performance and usability evaluations. The feedback given indicates that our system is responsive, accurate and easy to use.
我们展示了我们系统的进一步发展,它允许在配备相机的手持设备和远程显示器之间进行方向交互。该系统的本质是能够估计远程显示器和手持设备上该显示器显示的图像之间的平面投影。我们描述了如何通过在两个显示器(远程和手持)上匹配比例不变的SURF特征来实现这一点。我们实现了一个原型系统和一个绘图应用程序,并进行了性能和可用性评估。给出的反馈表明,我们的系统反应迅速,准确,易于使用。
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引用次数: 15
Protecting Private Data on Mobile Systems based on Spatio-temporal Analysis 基于时空分析的移动系统私有数据保护
Sausan Yazji, R. Dick, P. Scheuermann, Goce Trajcevski
Mobile devices such as smart phones and laptops are in common use and carry a vast amount of personal data. This paper presents an efficient behavior-based system for rapidly detecting the theft of mobile devices in order to protect the private data of their users. Our technique uses spatio-temporal information to construct models of user motion patters. These models are used to detect theft, which may produce anomalous spatio-temporal patterns. We consider two types of user models, each of which builds on the relationship between location and time of day. Our evaluation, based on the Reality Mining dataset, shows that our system is capable of detecting an attack within 15 minutes with 81% accuracy.
像智能手机和笔记本电脑这样的移动设备被广泛使用,并携带着大量的个人数据。本文提出了一种基于行为的移动设备盗窃快速检测系统,以保护用户的隐私数据。我们的技术使用时空信息来构建用户运动模式的模型。这些模型用于检测盗窃行为,这可能会产生异常的时空模式。我们考虑了两种类型的用户模型,每一种都建立在位置和时间之间的关系上。我们基于现实挖掘数据集的评估表明,我们的系统能够在15分钟内检测到攻击,准确率为81%。
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引用次数: 9
Combined Blind Equalization and Classification of Multiple Signals 结合盲均衡与多信号分类
Barathram Ramkumar, T. Bose
A multiuser automatic modulation classifier (MAMC) is an important component of a multiantenna cognitive radio (CR) receiver that helps the radio to better utilize the spectrum. MAMC identifies the modulation schemes of multiple users in a frequency band simultaneously. A multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) blind equalizer is another important component of a multiantenna CR receiver that improves symbol detection performance by reducing inter symbol interference (ISI) and inter user interference (IUI). In a CR scenario, it is preferable to also consider the performance of the automatic modulation classifier (AMC) while designing the blind equalizer. In this paper we propose a MIMO blind equalizer that improves the performance of both multiuser symbol detection and cumulant based MAMC.
多用户自动调制分类器(MAMC)是多天线认知无线电(CR)接收机的重要组成部分,可以帮助无线电更好地利用频谱。MAMC在一个频带内同时识别多个用户的调制方案。多输入多输出(MIMO)盲均衡器是多天线CR接收机的另一个重要组成部分,它通过减少码间干扰(ISI)和用户间干扰(IUI)来提高符号检测性能。在CR场景中,在设计盲均衡器时最好考虑自动调制分类器(AMC)的性能。在本文中,我们提出了一种MIMO盲均衡器,它提高了多用户符号检测和基于累积的MAMC的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Context-aware Reasoning Engine with High Level Knowledge for Smart Home 面向智能家居的高水平知识上下文感知推理引擎
Jiaqi Zhu, Vwen Yen Lee, J. Biswas, M. Mokhtari, T. Tiberghien, H. Aloulou
We are interested in providing people living or working in smart home environment with sensor network based assistive technology. We propose a novel rule-based reasoning engine that could be used in ubiquitous environments to infer logical consequences from events received over a sensor network. We introduce methods for rule design with high level knowledge input and using minimum information to infer micro-context. Personalised profiles can be introduced into the reasoning engine to customise features for a particular user using our rule refinement and generation module. New mechanism for sensor-engine communication is also introduced. As a proof of concept, a prototype system has been developed to demonstrate the functionalities of our reasoning engine in a simulated smart home environment.
我们有兴趣为在智能家居环境中生活或工作的人们提供基于传感器网络的辅助技术。我们提出了一种新的基于规则的推理引擎,可以在无处不在的环境中使用,从传感器网络接收的事件中推断出逻辑结果。我们介绍了高层次知识输入和使用最小信息推断微上下文的规则设计方法。可以将个性化配置文件引入推理引擎,使用我们的规则细化和生成模块为特定用户定制特性。介绍了传感器与发动机通信的新机制。作为概念验证,已经开发了一个原型系统来演示我们的推理引擎在模拟智能家居环境中的功能。
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引用次数: 2
Online Activity Matching using Wireless Sensor Nodes 使用无线传感器节点的在线活动匹配
A. Horst, N. Meratnia
In this paper, we explore the capability of wireless sensor networks to perform online activity matching for sport coaching applications. The goal is to design an algorithm to match movements of a trainee and a trainer online and to find their spatial and temporal differences. Such an algorithm can aid the trainer to better observe performance of the trainees in group lessons. We consider fitness-like movements such as those performed in aerobic. We also limit ourselves to only having one sensor node on the trainer and one sensor node on the trainee, however our algorithm scales well to more trainees per trainer. We use Sun SPOT sensor nodes and use the accelerometer and gyroscope sensors to capture the movements. The gravity vector is extracted and improved with a Kalman filter using the accelerometer and gyroscope data. An automatic segmentation technique is developed that examines the movement data for rest and activity periods and changes in movement direction. The segmentation and the movement information are communicated with the node of the trainee where the movements are compared. We choose to use Dynamic TimeWarping (DTW) to perform the spatial and temporal matching of movements. Because DTW is computationally intensive, we develop an optimized technique and provide feedback to the trainee. We test all the design choices extensively using experiments and perform a system test using different test methods to validate our approach.
在本文中,我们探索无线传感器网络的能力,以执行在线活动匹配运动教练的应用程序。目标是设计一种算法来匹配练习者和教练的在线动作,并找到他们的空间和时间差异。该算法可以帮助培训师更好地观察学员在小组课程中的表现。我们考虑类似健身的运动,比如有氧运动。我们也限制自己只在训练器上有一个传感器节点,在受训者上有一个传感器节点,但是我们的算法可以很好地扩展到每个训练器上有更多的受训者。我们使用太阳SPOT传感器节点,并使用加速度计和陀螺仪传感器来捕捉运动。利用加速度计和陀螺仪数据提取重力矢量,并用卡尔曼滤波对其进行改进。开发了一种自动分割技术,用于检查休息和活动期间的运动数据以及运动方向的变化。将分割和运动信息传递给练习者的节点,在那里进行运动比较。我们选择使用动态时间扭曲(DTW)来执行运动的空间和时间匹配。由于DTW是计算密集型的,我们开发了一种优化的技术,并向学员提供反馈。我们使用实验广泛地测试所有的设计选择,并使用不同的测试方法执行系统测试来验证我们的方法。
{"title":"Online Activity Matching using Wireless Sensor Nodes","authors":"A. Horst, N. Meratnia","doi":"10.5220/0003361100220031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0003361100220031","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore the capability of wireless sensor networks to perform online activity matching for sport coaching applications. The goal is to design an algorithm to match movements of a trainee and a trainer online and to find their spatial and temporal differences. Such an algorithm can aid the trainer to better observe performance of the trainees in group lessons. We consider fitness-like movements such as those performed in aerobic. We also limit ourselves to only having one sensor node on the trainer and one sensor node on the trainee, however our algorithm scales well to more trainees per trainer. We use Sun SPOT sensor nodes and use the accelerometer and gyroscope sensors to capture the movements. The gravity vector is extracted and improved with a Kalman filter using the accelerometer and gyroscope data. An automatic segmentation technique is developed that examines the movement data for rest and activity periods and changes in movement direction. The segmentation and the movement information are communicated with the node of the trainee where the movements are compared. We choose to use Dynamic TimeWarping (DTW) to perform the spatial and temporal matching of movements. Because DTW is computationally intensive, we develop an optimized technique and provide feedback to the trainee. We test all the design choices extensively using experiments and perform a system test using different test methods to validate our approach.","PeriodicalId":298357,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128591865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Motion Capture of an Animated Surface via Sensors' Ribbons - Surface Reconstruction via Tangential Measurements 动画表面的运动捕捉通过传感器的条带-表面重建通过切向测量
N. Sprynski, B. Lacolle, L. Biard
This paper deals with the motion capture of physical surfaces via a curve acquisition device. This device is a ribbon of sensors, named Ribbon Device, providing tangential measurements, allowing to reconstruct its 3D shape via an existing geometric method. We focus here on the problem of reconstructing animated surfaces, from a finite number of curves running on these surfaces, acquired with the Ribbon Device. This network of spatial curves is organized according a comb structure allowing to adjust these curves with respect to a reference curve, and then to develop a global C1 reconstruction method based on the mesh of ribbon curves together with interpolating transversal curves. Precisely, at each time position the surface is computed from the previous step by an updating process.
本文研究了利用曲线采集装置实现物理表面的运动捕捉。该设备是一个传感器带,名为ribbon device,提供切向测量,允许通过现有的几何方法重建其3D形状。我们在这里的重点是重建动画表面的问题,从有限数量的曲线运行在这些表面上,获得了带状设备。该空间曲线网络按照梳状结构进行组织,允许这些曲线相对于参考曲线进行调整,然后发展基于带状曲线网格和插值横向曲线的全局C1重建方法。精确地说,在每个时间位置,表面都是通过更新过程从前一步计算出来的。
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引用次数: 8
Energy-efficient Security Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks using Frequency Hopping and Permutation Ciphering 基于跳频和排列加密的无线传感器网络节能安全协议
Ismail Mansour, G. Chalhoub, M. Misson
The security aspect of wireless sensor networks has taken the attention of numerous researchers in the past several years. It has recently been proven that public keys are now feasible in wireless sensor networks but still consume a lot of processing time and memory. In this paper we propose the use of public keys based on ECC to exchange symmetric keys that will be used to encrypt critical information. In addition, we propose a time segmentation approach that enables the use of frequency hopping time slotted communications. Nodes secretly exchange frequency hopping sequences that enable them to fight against jamming and eavesdropping. We use permutation ciphering technique to protect the information exchanged between nodes.
在过去的几年里,无线传感器网络的安全问题引起了众多研究者的关注。近年来已有研究证明,公钥在无线传感器网络中是可行的,但仍然消耗大量的处理时间和内存。在本文中,我们提出使用基于ECC的公钥来交换将用于加密关键信息的对称密钥。此外,我们提出了一种时间分割方法,使使用跳频时隙通信成为可能。节点秘密交换跳频序列,使它们能够对抗干扰和窃听。我们使用排列加密技术来保护节点间交换的信息。
{"title":"Energy-efficient Security Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks using Frequency Hopping and Permutation Ciphering","authors":"Ismail Mansour, G. Chalhoub, M. Misson","doi":"10.5220/0003371302770282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0003371302770282","url":null,"abstract":"The security aspect of wireless sensor networks has taken the attention of numerous researchers in the past several years. It has recently been proven that public keys are now feasible in wireless sensor networks but still consume a lot of processing time and memory. In this paper we propose the use of public keys based on ECC to exchange symmetric keys that will be used to encrypt critical information. In addition, we propose a time segmentation approach that enables the use of frequency hopping time slotted communications. Nodes secretly exchange frequency hopping sequences that enable them to fight against jamming and eavesdropping. We use permutation ciphering technique to protect the information exchanged between nodes.","PeriodicalId":298357,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133753554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
期刊
International Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems
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