S. Mottin, B. Montcel, H. G. D. Chatellus, S. Ramstein, C. Vignal
Contrary to the intense debate about brain oxygen dynamics and its uncoupling in mammals, very little is known in birds. In zebra finches, picosecond optical tomography (POT) with a white laser and a streak camera can measure in vivo oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb) concentration changes following physiological stimulation (familiar calls and songs). POT demonstrated sufficient sub-micromolar sensitivity to resolve the fast changes in hippocampus and auditory forebrain areas with 250 µm resolution. The time-course is composed of (i) an early 2s-long event with a significant decrease in Hb and HbO2, respectively -0.7 µMoles/L and -0.9 µMoles/L (ii) a subsequent increase in blood oxygen availability with a plateau of HbO2 (+0.3µMoles/L) and (iii) pronounced vasodilatation events immediately following the end of the stimulus. One of the findings of our work is the direct link between the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals previously published in birds and our results. Furthermore, the early vasoconstriction event and post-stimulus ringing seem to be more pronounced in birds than in mammals. These results in bird, a tachymetabolic vertebrate with a long lifespan, can potentially yield new insights for example in brain aging.
{"title":"Time-resolved and spectral-resolved optical imaging to study brain hemodynamics in songbirds","authors":"S. Mottin, B. Montcel, H. G. D. Chatellus, S. Ramstein, C. Vignal","doi":"10.1117/12.889799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.889799","url":null,"abstract":"Contrary to the intense debate about brain oxygen dynamics and its uncoupling in mammals, very little is known in birds. In zebra finches, picosecond optical tomography (POT) with a white laser and a streak camera can measure in vivo oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb) concentration changes following physiological stimulation (familiar calls and songs). POT demonstrated sufficient sub-micromolar sensitivity to resolve the fast changes in hippocampus and auditory forebrain areas with 250 µm resolution. The time-course is composed of (i) an early 2s-long event with a significant decrease in Hb and HbO2, respectively -0.7 µMoles/L and -0.9 µMoles/L (ii) a subsequent increase in blood oxygen availability with a plateau of HbO2 (+0.3µMoles/L) and (iii) pronounced vasodilatation events immediately following the end of the stimulus. One of the findings of our work is the direct link between the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals previously published in birds and our results. Furthermore, the early vasoconstriction event and post-stimulus ringing seem to be more pronounced in birds than in mammals. These results in bird, a tachymetabolic vertebrate with a long lifespan, can potentially yield new insights for example in brain aging.","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115829717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For several decades the stated Holy Grail of chemical, biological and biophysical research into neocortical information processing has been to reduce such neocortical phenomena into specific bottom-up molecular and smaller-scale processes. Over the past three decades, with regard to short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) phenomena, which themselves are likely components of other phenomena like attention and consciousness, a statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions (SMNI) approach has yielded specific details of STM capacity, duration and stability not present in molecular approaches, but it is clear that most molecular approaches consider it inevitable that their reductionist approaches at molecular and possibly even quantum scales will yet prove to be causal explanations of such phenomena. The SMNI approach is a bottom-up aggregation from synaptic scales to columnar and regional scales of neocortex, and has been merged with larger non-invasive EEG scales with other colleagues – all at scales much coarser than molecular scales. As with many Crusades for some truths, other truths can be trampled. It is proposed that an SMNI vector potential (SMNI-VP) constructed from magnetic fields induced by neuronal electrical firings, at thresholds of collective minicolumnar activity with laminar specification, can give rise to causal top-down mechanisms that effect molecular excitatory and inhibitory processes in STM and LTM. A specific example might be causal influences on momentum $mathbf{p}$ of Ca$^{2 }$ ions by the SMNI-VP $mathbf{A}$, as calculated by the canonical momentum $mathbf{q}$, $mathbf{q} = mathbf{p} - e mathbf{A}$, where $e$ is the electron coulomb charge and $c$ is the speed of light, which may be applied either classically or quantum-mechanically. Such a smoking gun for top-down effects awaits forensic in vivo experimental verification, requiring appreciating the necessity and due diligence of including true multiple-scale interactions across orders of magnitude in the complex neocortical environment.
几十年来，新皮层信息处理的化学、生物学和生物物理学研究的圣杯一直是将这种新皮层现象简化为特定的自下而上的分子和更小尺度的过程。在过去的三十年中，关于短期记忆(STM)和长期记忆(LTM)现象，它们本身可能是其他现象(如注意力和意识)的组成部分，新皮层相互作用(SMNI)方法的统计力学已经产生了STM容量，持续时间和稳定性的具体细节，这些细节在分子方法中不存在。但很明显，大多数分子方法都认为，它们在分子甚至量子尺度上的还原论方法将不可避免地被证明是这些现象的因果解释。SMNI方法是从突触尺度到新皮层柱状和区域尺度的自下而上的聚合，并与其他同事合并了更大的非侵入性脑电图尺度-所有这些尺度都比分子尺度粗得多。正如许多对某些真理的十字军东征一样，其他真理也可能被践踏。研究人员提出，在具有层流规范的集体小柱活动阈值下，由神经元电刺激诱导的磁场构建的SMNI矢量电位(SMNI- vp)可以产生自上而下的因果机制，影响STM和LTM中的分子兴奋和抑制过程。一个具体的例子可能是SMNI-VP $mathbf{A}$对Ca$^{2}$离子的动量$mathbf{p}$的因果影响，由规范动量$mathbf{q}$计算，$mathbf{q} = mathbf{p} - e mathbf{A}$，其中$e$是电子库仑电荷，$c$是光速，可以经典地或量子力学地应用。这种自上而下效应的确凿证据有待法医体内实验验证，需要认识到在复杂的新皮层环境中包括真正的跨数量级的多尺度相互作用的必要性和尽职调查。
{"title":"Columnar Electromagnetic Influences on Short-Term Memory at Multiple Scales","authors":"L. Ingber","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1838903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1838903","url":null,"abstract":"For several decades the stated Holy Grail of chemical, biological and biophysical research into neocortical information processing has been to reduce such neocortical phenomena into specific bottom-up molecular and smaller-scale processes. Over the past three decades, with regard to short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) phenomena, which themselves are likely components of other phenomena like attention and consciousness, a statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions (SMNI) approach has yielded specific details of STM capacity, duration and stability not present in molecular approaches, but it is clear that most molecular approaches consider it inevitable that their reductionist approaches at molecular and possibly even quantum scales will yet prove to be causal explanations of such phenomena. The SMNI approach is a bottom-up aggregation from synaptic scales to columnar and regional scales of neocortex, and has been merged with larger non-invasive EEG scales with other colleagues – all at scales much coarser than molecular scales. As with many Crusades for some truths, other truths can be trampled. It is proposed that an SMNI vector potential (SMNI-VP) constructed from magnetic fields induced by neuronal electrical firings, at thresholds of collective minicolumnar activity with laminar specification, can give rise to causal top-down mechanisms that effect molecular excitatory and inhibitory processes in STM and LTM. A specific example might be causal influences on momentum $mathbf{p}$ of Ca$^{2 }$ ions by the SMNI-VP $mathbf{A}$, as calculated by the canonical momentum $mathbf{q}$, $mathbf{q} = mathbf{p} - e mathbf{A}$, where $e$ is the electron coulomb charge and $c$ is the speed of light, which may be applied either classically or quantum-mechanically. Such a smoking gun for top-down effects awaits forensic in vivo experimental verification, requiring appreciating the necessity and due diligence of including true multiple-scale interactions across orders of magnitude in the complex neocortical environment.","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123232512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-18DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393798.003.0004
L. Abbott, Kanaka Rajan, H. Sompolinsky
Trial-to-trial variability is an essential feature of neural responses, but its source is a subject of active debate. Response variability (Mast and Victor, 1991; Arieli et al., 1995 & 1996; Anderson et al., 2000 & 2001; Kenet et al., 2003; Petersen et al., 2003a & b; Fiser, Chiu and Weliky, 2004; MacLean et al., 2005; Yuste et al., 2005; Vincent et al., 2007) is often treated as random noise, generated either by other brain areas, or by stochastic processes within the circuitry being studied. We call such sources of variability external to stress the independence of this form of noise from activity driven by the stimulus. Variability can also be generated internally by the same network dynamics that generates responses to a stimulus. How can we distinguish between external and internal sources of response variability? Here we show that internal sources of variability interact nonlinearly with stimulus-induced activity, and this interaction yields a suppression of noise in the evoked state. This provides a theoretical basis and potential mechanism for the experimental observation that, in many brain areas, stimuli cause significant suppression of neuronal variability (Werner and Mountcastle, 1963; Fortier, Smith and Kalaska, 1993; Anderson et al., 2000; Friedrich and Laurent, 2004; Churchland et al., 2006; Finn, Priebe and Ferster, 2007; Mitchell, Sundberg and Reynolds, 2007; Churchland et al., 2009). The combined theoretical and experimental results suggest that internally generated activity is a significant contributor to response variability in neural circuits.
试验对试验的可变性是神经反应的一个基本特征，但其来源是一个积极辩论的主题。响应变异性(Mast and Victor, 1991;Arieli et al.， 1995 & 1996;Anderson et al.， 2000 & 2001;Kenet et al.， 2003;Petersen et al.， 2003a & b;Fiser, Chiu and Weliky, 2004;MacLean et al.， 2005;Yuste et al.， 2005;Vincent et al.， 2007)通常被视为随机噪声，由其他大脑区域产生，或由正在研究的电路中的随机过程产生。我们把这种变异性的来源称为外部，以强调这种形式的噪声与由刺激驱动的活动的独立性。可变性也可以通过产生对刺激的反应的相同网络动态在内部产生。我们如何区分反应可变性的外部和内部来源?在这里，我们表明内部变异性源与刺激诱导的活动非线性相互作用，这种相互作用在诱发状态下产生噪声抑制。这为实验观察提供了理论基础和潜在机制，即在许多大脑区域，刺激会导致神经元变异性的显著抑制(Werner and Mountcastle, 1963;史密斯和卡拉斯卡，1993;Anderson et al.， 2000;Friedrich and Laurent, 2004;Churchland et al.， 2006;Finn, Priebe and Ferster, 2007;Mitchell, Sundberg and Reynolds, 2007;Churchland et al.， 2009)。结合理论和实验结果表明，内部产生的活动是神经回路反应变异性的重要贡献者。
{"title":"Interactions between Intrinsic and Stimulus-Evoked Activity in Recurrent Neural Networks","authors":"L. Abbott, Kanaka Rajan, H. Sompolinsky","doi":"10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393798.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393798.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Trial-to-trial variability is an essential feature of neural responses, but its source is a subject of active debate. Response variability (Mast and Victor, 1991; Arieli et al., 1995 & 1996; Anderson et al., 2000 & 2001; Kenet et al., 2003; Petersen et al., 2003a & b; Fiser, Chiu and Weliky, 2004; MacLean et al., 2005; Yuste et al., 2005; Vincent et al., 2007) is often treated as random noise, generated either by other brain areas, or by stochastic processes within the circuitry being studied. We call such sources of variability external to stress the independence of this form of noise from activity driven by the stimulus. Variability can also be generated internally by the same network dynamics that generates responses to a stimulus. How can we distinguish between external and internal sources of response variability? Here we show that internal sources of variability interact nonlinearly with stimulus-induced activity, and this interaction yields a suppression of noise in the evoked state. This provides a theoretical basis and potential mechanism for the experimental observation that, in many brain areas, stimuli cause significant suppression of neuronal variability (Werner and Mountcastle, 1963; Fortier, Smith and Kalaska, 1993; Anderson et al., 2000; Friedrich and Laurent, 2004; Churchland et al., 2006; Finn, Priebe and Ferster, 2007; Mitchell, Sundberg and Reynolds, 2007; Churchland et al., 2009). The combined theoretical and experimental results suggest that internally generated activity is a significant contributor to response variability in neural circuits.","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115308624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-26DOI: 10.3934/CPAA.2011.10.995
T. Jaeger
The behaviour of neurons under the influence of periodic external input has been modelled very successfully by circle maps. The aim of this note is to extend certain aspects of this analysis to a much more general class of forcing processes. We apply results on the fibred rotation number of randomly forced circle maps to show the uniqueness of the asymptotic firing frequency of ergodically forced pacemaker neurons. The details of the analysis are carried out for the forced leaky integrate-and-fire model, but the results should also remain valid for a large class of further models.
{"title":"Neuronal Coding of pacemaker neurons - A random dynamical systems approach","authors":"T. Jaeger","doi":"10.3934/CPAA.2011.10.995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/CPAA.2011.10.995","url":null,"abstract":"The behaviour of neurons under the influence of periodic external input has been modelled very successfully by circle maps. The aim of this note is to extend certain aspects of this analysis to a much more general class of forcing processes. We apply results on the fibred rotation number of randomly forced circle maps to show the uniqueness of the asymptotic firing frequency of ergodically forced pacemaker neurons. The details of the analysis are carried out for the forced leaky integrate-and-fire model, but the results should also remain valid for a large class of further models.","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116992989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-20DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60960-818-7.CH706
C. Gros
All self-active living beings need to solve the motivational problem: The question what to do at any moment of their live. For humans and non-human animals at least two distinct layers of motivational drives are known, the primary needs for survival and the emotional drives leading to a wide range of sophisticated strategies, such as explorative learning and socializing. Part of the emotional layer of drives has universal facets, being beneficial in an extended range of environmental settings. Emotions are triggered in the brain by the release of neuromodulators, which are, at the same time, the agents for meta-learning. This intrinsic relation between emotions, meta-learning and universal action strategies suggests a central importance for emotional control for the design of artificial intelligences and synthetic cognitive systems. An implementation of this concept is proposed in terms of a dense and homogeneous associative network (dHan).
{"title":"Emotions, Diffusive Emotional Control and the Motivational Problem for Autonomous Cognitive Systems","authors":"C. Gros","doi":"10.4018/978-1-60960-818-7.CH706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-818-7.CH706","url":null,"abstract":"All self-active living beings need to solve the motivational problem: The question what to do at any moment of their live. For humans and non-human animals at least two distinct layers of motivational drives are known, the primary needs for survival and the emotional drives leading to a wide range of sophisticated strategies, such as explorative learning and socializing. Part of the emotional layer of drives has universal facets, being beneficial in an extended range of environmental settings. Emotions are triggered in the brain by the release of neuromodulators, which are, at the same time, the agents for meta-learning. This intrinsic relation between emotions, meta-learning and universal action strategies suggests a central importance for emotional control for the design of artificial intelligences and synthetic cognitive systems. An implementation of this concept is proposed in terms of a dense and homogeneous associative network (dHan).","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129659250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-23DOI: 10.1142/S1793524509000698
V. Ivancevic, T. Ivancevic
The unique Hamiltonian description of neuro- and psycho-dynamics at the macroscopic, classical, inter-neuronal level of brain's neural networks, and microscopic, quantum, intra-neuronal level of brain's microtubules, is presented in the form of open Liouville equations. This implies the arrow of time in both neuro- and psycho-dynamic processes and shows the existence of the formal neuro-biological space-time self-similarity. Keywords: Neuro- and psycho-dynamics, Brain microtubules, Hamiltonian and Liouville dynamics, Neuro-biological self-similarity
{"title":"Macro- and Microscopic Self-Similarity in Neuro- and Psycho-Dynamics","authors":"V. Ivancevic, T. Ivancevic","doi":"10.1142/S1793524509000698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793524509000698","url":null,"abstract":"The unique Hamiltonian description of neuro- and psycho-dynamics at the macroscopic, classical, inter-neuronal level of brain's neural networks, and microscopic, quantum, intra-neuronal level of brain's microtubules, is presented in the form of open Liouville equations. This implies the arrow of time in both neuro- and psycho-dynamic processes and shows the existence of the formal neuro-biological space-time self-similarity. \u0000Keywords: Neuro- and psycho-dynamics, Brain microtubules, Hamiltonian and Liouville dynamics, Neuro-biological self-similarity","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"36 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121803260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-22DOI: 10.4310/CMS.2009.V7.N1.A12
Kevin K. Lin, E. Shea-Brown, L. Young
We study the reliability of large networks of coupled neural oscillators in response to fluctuating stimuli. Reliability means that a stimulus elicits essentially identical responses upon repeated presentations. We view the problem on two scales: neuronal reliability, which concerns the repeatability of spike times of individual neurons embedded within a network, and pooled-response reliability, which addresses the repeatability of the total synaptic output from the network. We find that individual embedded neurons can be reliable or unreliable depending on network conditions, whereas pooled responses of sufficiently large networks are mostly reliable. We study also the effects of noise, and find that some types affect reliability more seriously than others.
{"title":"Reliability of Layered Neural Oscillator Networks","authors":"Kevin K. Lin, E. Shea-Brown, L. Young","doi":"10.4310/CMS.2009.V7.N1.A12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4310/CMS.2009.V7.N1.A12","url":null,"abstract":"We study the reliability of large networks of coupled neural oscillators in response to fluctuating stimuli. Reliability means that a stimulus elicits essentially identical responses upon repeated presentations. We view the problem on two scales: neuronal reliability, which concerns the repeatability of spike times of individual neurons embedded within a network, and pooled-response reliability, which addresses the repeatability of the total synaptic output from the network. We find that individual embedded neurons can be reliable or unreliable depending on network conditions, whereas pooled responses of sufficiently large networks are mostly reliable. We study also the effects of noise, and find that some types affect reliability more seriously than others.","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130981128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-01DOI: 10.1142/9789812772350_0029
M. Angelis, P. Renno
The initial value problem P0, in all of the space, for the spatio - temporal FitzHugh - Nagumo equations is analyzed. When the reaction kinetics of the model can be outlined by means of piecewise linear approximations, then the solution of P0 is explicitly obtained. For periodic initial data are possible damped travelling waves and their speed of propagation is evaluated. The results imply applications also to the non linear case.
{"title":"On the Fitzhugh-Nagumo model","authors":"M. Angelis, P. Renno","doi":"10.1142/9789812772350_0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812772350_0029","url":null,"abstract":"The initial value problem P0, in all of the space, for the spatio - temporal FitzHugh - Nagumo equations is analyzed. When the reaction kinetics of the model can be outlined by means of piecewise linear approximations, then the solution of P0 is explicitly obtained. For periodic initial data are possible damped travelling waves and their speed of propagation is evaluated. The results imply applications also to the non linear case.","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131115138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-02-26DOI: 10.1142/S0217979210056025
W. Freeman, G. Vitiello
Interactions by mutual excitation in neural populations in human and animal brains create a mesoscopic order parameter that is recorded in brain waves (electroencephalogram, EEG). Spatially and spectrally distributed oscillations are imposed on the background activity by inhibitory feedback in the gamma range (30-80 Hz). Beats recur at theta rates (3-7 Hz), at which the order parameter transiently approaches zero and microscopic activity becomes disordered. After these null spikes, the order parameter resurges and initiates a frame bearing a mesoscopic spatial pattern of gamma amplitude modulation that governs the microscopic activity, and that is correlated with behavior. The brain waves also reveal a spatial pattern of phase modulation in the form of a cone. Using the formalism of the dissipative many-body model of brain, we describe the null spikes and the accompanying phase cones as vortices.
{"title":"Vortices in brain waves","authors":"W. Freeman, G. Vitiello","doi":"10.1142/S0217979210056025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217979210056025","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions by mutual excitation in neural populations in human and animal brains create a mesoscopic order parameter that is recorded in brain waves (electroencephalogram, EEG). Spatially and spectrally distributed oscillations are imposed on the background activity by inhibitory feedback in the gamma range (30-80 Hz). Beats recur at theta rates (3-7 Hz), at which the order parameter transiently approaches zero and microscopic activity becomes disordered. After these null spikes, the order parameter resurges and initiates a frame bearing a mesoscopic spatial pattern of gamma amplitude modulation that governs the microscopic activity, and that is correlated with behavior. The brain waves also reveal a spatial pattern of phase modulation in the form of a cone. Using the formalism of the dissipative many-body model of brain, we describe the null spikes and the accompanying phase cones as vortices.","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124832410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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