B. Adegboyega, Kayode Irurhe, Caleb Yakubu, A. Bashir, A. Ogunyemi, A. Alabi
Introduction: The complex nature of cancer diagnosis and treatment, with the pressing need for individualized patient care, has led to the services being organized into multidisciplinary teams (MDTs), also called tumor boards or cancer conferences. MDTs are beneficial as they provide coordinated, consistent, expert-driven, and cost-effective care that is delivered in a timely fashion to the patient. This study is aimed to assess the level of impact of a one-stop breast clinic on the management of breast cancer among breast cancer patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among patients who attended the MDT breast clinic on referral from within and outside Lagos University Teaching Hospital LUTH. Results: The mean age ± standard deviation of the respondents was of 33.4 ± 7.62 years. More than half of the respondents (66%) felt satisfied about the workings of the MDT clinic, with less than a quarter of respondents reporting that were very satisfied with the clinic. Almost all the respondents (90%) were of the view that it allowed for a more expert opinion. Problems faced by the clinic in the MDT Clinic included filled up booking times (6%) and not taking enough time to attend to patients (2% each). Conclusion: The study revealed a good level of satisfaction among respondents about the MDT clinic; however, reservation on issues such as booking time, better patient to doctor relationship, and availability of more doctors were still of concern to patients. Addressing these issues are vital in achieving an all-round great experience in the multidisciplinary setting.
{"title":"Patients' perspective of one-stop breast clinic, Lagos University Teaching Hospital","authors":"B. Adegboyega, Kayode Irurhe, Caleb Yakubu, A. Bashir, A. Ogunyemi, A. Alabi","doi":"10.4103/wajr.wajr_21_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_21_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The complex nature of cancer diagnosis and treatment, with the pressing need for individualized patient care, has led to the services being organized into multidisciplinary teams (MDTs), also called tumor boards or cancer conferences. MDTs are beneficial as they provide coordinated, consistent, expert-driven, and cost-effective care that is delivered in a timely fashion to the patient. This study is aimed to assess the level of impact of a one-stop breast clinic on the management of breast cancer among breast cancer patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among patients who attended the MDT breast clinic on referral from within and outside Lagos University Teaching Hospital LUTH. Results: The mean age ± standard deviation of the respondents was of 33.4 ± 7.62 years. More than half of the respondents (66%) felt satisfied about the workings of the MDT clinic, with less than a quarter of respondents reporting that were very satisfied with the clinic. Almost all the respondents (90%) were of the view that it allowed for a more expert opinion. Problems faced by the clinic in the MDT Clinic included filled up booking times (6%) and not taking enough time to attend to patients (2% each). Conclusion: The study revealed a good level of satisfaction among respondents about the MDT clinic; however, reservation on issues such as booking time, better patient to doctor relationship, and availability of more doctors were still of concern to patients. Addressing these issues are vital in achieving an all-round great experience in the multidisciplinary setting.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46765486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Dahiya, Thaker Nirav, Jaggi T. Sunila, Talwar A. Inder
Extrapleural hematoma is a collection located between the chest wall and the parietal pleura and is usually associated with rib fractures. Computed tomography is an excellent modality to diagnose extrapleural hematoma and rib fractures as well as differentiate it from a pleural collection. Extrapleural hematoma needs to be differentiated from a hemothorax for appropriate management. We hereby report a case of a large extrapleural hematoma and associated pleural effusion following trauma being managed as a hemothorax based only on chest radiograph appearance.
{"title":"Hemothorax or not: Use of extrapleural fat sign","authors":"R. Dahiya, Thaker Nirav, Jaggi T. Sunila, Talwar A. Inder","doi":"10.4103/wajr.wajr_33_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_33_19","url":null,"abstract":"Extrapleural hematoma is a collection located between the chest wall and the parietal pleura and is usually associated with rib fractures. Computed tomography is an excellent modality to diagnose extrapleural hematoma and rib fractures as well as differentiate it from a pleural collection. Extrapleural hematoma needs to be differentiated from a hemothorax for appropriate management. We hereby report a case of a large extrapleural hematoma and associated pleural effusion following trauma being managed as a hemothorax based only on chest radiograph appearance.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41468241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is rare and usually asymptomatic. It is usually bilateral but has been reported on single testis. TM is defined as five microliths on a single sonogram; it is divided into classical TM and limited TM. There is association between TM and neoplasm. A 34-year-old male presented with a history of primary infertility. Investigations done were normal, except for semen analysis and scrotal ultrasound. The scrotal scan showed multiple hyperechoic foci in both testes. The patient did not come for follow-up in the clinic. Ultrasound is used to diagnose TM in a case of infertility
{"title":"Testicular microlithiasis seen in primary infertility","authors":"J. Sheyin, N. Chom","doi":"10.4103/wajr.wajr_31_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_31_19","url":null,"abstract":"Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is rare and usually asymptomatic. It is usually bilateral but has been reported on single testis. TM is defined as five microliths on a single sonogram; it is divided into classical TM and limited TM. There is association between TM and neoplasm. A 34-year-old male presented with a history of primary infertility. Investigations done were normal, except for semen analysis and scrotal ultrasound. The scrotal scan showed multiple hyperechoic foci in both testes. The patient did not come for follow-up in the clinic. Ultrasound is used to diagnose TM in a case of infertility","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48644596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Portal biliopathy (PB) was well delineated as a distinct clinical entity in the 1990s. Since then, science has much improved in diagnosing and managing this condition. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging and cholangiopancreatography have largely replaced endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography as the most important tool in PB diagnosis. Our resource-limited environment has not allowed for optimal availability and uptake of this tool in general but when it is deployed, as in this index case, it can yield great and accurate dividend. This report is the first such scientific documentation of PB in a Nigerian adult. It seeks to show the striking radiological image appearances upon which diagnosis is based. We hope that the article will help increase the index of suspicion for such a rare diagnosis in our locality and that it will encourage the more widespread deployment of such essential and beneficial radiological tools in disease diagnosis.
{"title":"Portal biliopathy in a Nigerian: A pictorial case report of a rare finding","authors":"A. Oluyemi, S. Waghmare, Raymond Kuti","doi":"10.4103/wajr.wajr_16_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_16_20","url":null,"abstract":"Portal biliopathy (PB) was well delineated as a distinct clinical entity in the 1990s. Since then, science has much improved in diagnosing and managing this condition. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging and cholangiopancreatography have largely replaced endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography as the most important tool in PB diagnosis. Our resource-limited environment has not allowed for optimal availability and uptake of this tool in general but when it is deployed, as in this index case, it can yield great and accurate dividend. This report is the first such scientific documentation of PB in a Nigerian adult. It seeks to show the striking radiological image appearances upon which diagnosis is based. We hope that the article will help increase the index of suspicion for such a rare diagnosis in our locality and that it will encourage the more widespread deployment of such essential and beneficial radiological tools in disease diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49623333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Lawal, Muhammed Suwaid, M. Yahuza, H. kolade-Yunusa
Kartagener's syndrome (KS) is a subset of a larger group of ciliary motility disorders called primary ciliary dyskinesia. It is a genetic disease with an autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by inefficient or absent mucociliary clearance. It is a very rare congenital malformation comprising a classical triad of situs inversus, bronchiectasis, and sinusitis. A 22-year-old single female Nigerian came to our health facility with complaints of recurrent productive, non-foul-smelling cough, nasal discharge, and occasional shortness of breath since early childhood. She had a positive history of recurrent hospital visitations and chronic use of antibiotics but with few hospitalizations for recurrent chest infection. Chest examination revealed a maximally audible apex beat on the right side of her chest. Chest radiograph showed dextrocardia, while a chest computer tomography scan revealed cystic and varicose bronchiectatic changes with peribronchial thickening and multiple tiny interstitial nodules, mainly in the bilateral middle and lower lung fields. The patient had a fair response on inhaled steroids, nasal steroid spray, antibiotics, mucolytics, and bronchodilators. She is on follow-up clinic visits and close monitoring for potential complications. Patients with KS exist in resource-poor settings like northern Nigeria, largely being managed as cases of chronic sinusitis, pneumonia, or asthma. Although there is no rapid, reliable, non-invasive diagnostic test for KS, accurate diagnosis is crucial if the risks of complications from advanced disease and reduced quality of life are to be averted.
{"title":"Kartagener's syndrome in a young female: A rare diagnosis in a resource-limited facility","authors":"Y. Lawal, Muhammed Suwaid, M. Yahuza, H. kolade-Yunusa","doi":"10.4103/wajr.wajr_24_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_24_20","url":null,"abstract":"Kartagener's syndrome (KS) is a subset of a larger group of ciliary motility disorders called primary ciliary dyskinesia. It is a genetic disease with an autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by inefficient or absent mucociliary clearance. It is a very rare congenital malformation comprising a classical triad of situs inversus, bronchiectasis, and sinusitis. A 22-year-old single female Nigerian came to our health facility with complaints of recurrent productive, non-foul-smelling cough, nasal discharge, and occasional shortness of breath since early childhood. She had a positive history of recurrent hospital visitations and chronic use of antibiotics but with few hospitalizations for recurrent chest infection. Chest examination revealed a maximally audible apex beat on the right side of her chest. Chest radiograph showed dextrocardia, while a chest computer tomography scan revealed cystic and varicose bronchiectatic changes with peribronchial thickening and multiple tiny interstitial nodules, mainly in the bilateral middle and lower lung fields. The patient had a fair response on inhaled steroids, nasal steroid spray, antibiotics, mucolytics, and bronchodilators. She is on follow-up clinic visits and close monitoring for potential complications. Patients with KS exist in resource-poor settings like northern Nigeria, largely being managed as cases of chronic sinusitis, pneumonia, or asthma. Although there is no rapid, reliable, non-invasive diagnostic test for KS, accurate diagnosis is crucial if the risks of complications from advanced disease and reduced quality of life are to be averted.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44690251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Idowu, M. Soneye, Tolulope Okedere, S. Onigbinde, Aderemi Ishola
Background: Fee splitting is a global pandemic in the health-care industry, whereby financial and nonfinancial inducements are offered to health-care practitioners in exchange for guaranteed patient referral, continuous patronage, or preferential usage/prescription of the payer's products. Methods: We surveyed 280 medical doctors from August 2017 to October 2017 to assess their knowledge, perception, and attitude toward fee-splitting using self-administered questionnaires. Results: The majority (89%) of our respondents indicated that they were aware of the existence of fee-splitting in the Nigerian health-care industry. About 34% accept rebates, while 70% admitted to knowing other colleagues who accept rebates. The amount received as rebates was ≤20% of the cost of an investigation. More than half of the respondents (52%) opined that the practice is a nationwide phenomenon. An astonishing 78% of respondents either did not know (61%) or asserted wrongly (17%) that the practice is not a violation Nigerian Medical Council rules. Only 46% affirmed that the practice is unethical. Compared to private hospitals, fee-splitting is less in public hospitals. Sixty-one percent noted that other health-care workers (besides physicians) are also involved. The primary allures of fee-splitting were a quest for an extra source of income (64%), poor/irregular salaries (60%), ignorance of its illegality (56%), and greed (47%). The identified deleterious consequences were unnecessary investigations/procedures, inflated health-care cost, quackery, delayed treatment/prolonged hospital stay, beclouded clinical judgment, and negative public perception. Conclusion: Stricter regulatory enforcement and continuous ethics education are needed to disrupt the widespread fee-splitting culture.
{"title":"Perspectives of Nigerian doctors on the practice of rebates, fee-splitting, and kickbacks","authors":"B. Idowu, M. Soneye, Tolulope Okedere, S. Onigbinde, Aderemi Ishola","doi":"10.4103/wajr.wajr_19_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_19_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fee splitting is a global pandemic in the health-care industry, whereby financial and nonfinancial inducements are offered to health-care practitioners in exchange for guaranteed patient referral, continuous patronage, or preferential usage/prescription of the payer's products. Methods: We surveyed 280 medical doctors from August 2017 to October 2017 to assess their knowledge, perception, and attitude toward fee-splitting using self-administered questionnaires. Results: The majority (89%) of our respondents indicated that they were aware of the existence of fee-splitting in the Nigerian health-care industry. About 34% accept rebates, while 70% admitted to knowing other colleagues who accept rebates. The amount received as rebates was ≤20% of the cost of an investigation. More than half of the respondents (52%) opined that the practice is a nationwide phenomenon. An astonishing 78% of respondents either did not know (61%) or asserted wrongly (17%) that the practice is not a violation Nigerian Medical Council rules. Only 46% affirmed that the practice is unethical. Compared to private hospitals, fee-splitting is less in public hospitals. Sixty-one percent noted that other health-care workers (besides physicians) are also involved. The primary allures of fee-splitting were a quest for an extra source of income (64%), poor/irregular salaries (60%), ignorance of its illegality (56%), and greed (47%). The identified deleterious consequences were unnecessary investigations/procedures, inflated health-care cost, quackery, delayed treatment/prolonged hospital stay, beclouded clinical judgment, and negative public perception. Conclusion: Stricter regulatory enforcement and continuous ethics education are needed to disrupt the widespread fee-splitting culture.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47762629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The morphological dimension of the masseter muscle is largely influenced by physical and habitual activities, which may impact directly on its performance. This study assessed the effects of playing wind musical instruments on the masseter muscle thickness in a male Nigerian adult population. Materials and Methods: Equal numbers of male wind instrument players (WIP) were recruited and compared with nonwind instrument players (non-WIP) of the same age. Information on the sociodemographic characteristics, history, and type of wind instrument played was obtained. The masseter muscle thickness and fractional shortening were determined during relaxation and contraction using a linear probe of 7.5 MHz on ultrasound machine (Biosound Esaote MyLab40 Ultrasound machine; 2012; Italy, Rome). Reliability test demonstrated an excellent intrarater correlation (Cronbach's alpha; 0.98). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The overall mean thickness of the masseter muscle at relaxation, contraction, and fractional shortening in WIP group was 9.21 ± 1.43 mm, 14.22 ± 1.95 mm, and 35.06% ± 5.07%, respectively, while 8.92 ± 1.12 mm, 13.97 ± 1.44 mm, and 36.08% ± 4.48%, respectively, in non-WIP group. No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups (P > 0.05). Type of instrument played, duration, and frequency of play did not significantly affect the muscle thickness except for the number of years of play. There was also a significant right/left side dichotomy in each group. Conclusions: Playing a wind instrument showed no significant effect on the thickness of the masseter muscle, however there was a significant increase in the muscle thickness with increasing years of play of wind instruments.
{"title":"The impact of playing wind musical instruments on the masseter muscles in a West African population","authors":"T. Adeyemi, O. Otuyemi, B. Bamgbose, S. Muhammad","doi":"10.4103/wajr.wajr_4_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_4_20","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The morphological dimension of the masseter muscle is largely influenced by physical and habitual activities, which may impact directly on its performance. This study assessed the effects of playing wind musical instruments on the masseter muscle thickness in a male Nigerian adult population. Materials and Methods: Equal numbers of male wind instrument players (WIP) were recruited and compared with nonwind instrument players (non-WIP) of the same age. Information on the sociodemographic characteristics, history, and type of wind instrument played was obtained. The masseter muscle thickness and fractional shortening were determined during relaxation and contraction using a linear probe of 7.5 MHz on ultrasound machine (Biosound Esaote MyLab40 Ultrasound machine; 2012; Italy, Rome). Reliability test demonstrated an excellent intrarater correlation (Cronbach's alpha; 0.98). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The overall mean thickness of the masseter muscle at relaxation, contraction, and fractional shortening in WIP group was 9.21 ± 1.43 mm, 14.22 ± 1.95 mm, and 35.06% ± 5.07%, respectively, while 8.92 ± 1.12 mm, 13.97 ± 1.44 mm, and 36.08% ± 4.48%, respectively, in non-WIP group. No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups (P > 0.05). Type of instrument played, duration, and frequency of play did not significantly affect the muscle thickness except for the number of years of play. There was also a significant right/left side dichotomy in each group. Conclusions: Playing a wind instrument showed no significant effect on the thickness of the masseter muscle, however there was a significant increase in the muscle thickness with increasing years of play of wind instruments.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41981900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Theyra-Enias, S. Adewuyi, A. Alabi, Desiree Jummai, I. Zubairu
Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. It accounts for 10.2% of cancer incidence globally, with a mortality of 9.2%. It ranks third in terms of incidence but second in terms of mortality. Colorectal cancer is not uniformly common throughout the world. Its incidence is increasing in developing countries, probably due to the acquisition of western lifestyle. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the sociodemographic and clinicopathological pattern of patients with colorectal cancer seen in the Department of Surgery, Radiotherapy, and Oncology Centre, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, over a 10-year period. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, data were collected from the case files and treatment cards of 122 patients with colorectal cancer managed at the Surgical, Radiotherapy, and Oncology Department of ABUTH, Zaria, from January 2006 to December 2015. Data items analyzed included age, sex, residential area, occupation, duration of symptoms, presenting complaints, subsite, histological type, grade, and stage. All analyses were performed by SPSS version 20. Results: An annual incidence of 12.2 cases/annum was seen. Seventy (57.4%) were male and 52 (42.6%) were female. Male:female ratio was 1.3:1 and the age range was between 12 years and 78 years, majority were between 31 and 40 years (24.6%), with a mean age of 42.4 years and median age of 41 years. It was found to be more common among the urban dwellers, with the public/civil servants being the most affected (36.0%). The duration of presenting complain ranged from 3 weeks to 10 years, most patients presenting at 7–10 months with more than one symptom. Bleeding per rectum was the most common symptom seen in 20%. Adenocarcinoma was the predominant histology seen in 73% (n = 89) and 28.7% were well differentiated. The rectum was the most common subsite, while left-sided lesions (20%) were more common than right-sided lesions (17%). About 18% (n = 22) had distant metastasis. Conclusion: The study showed that colorectal cancer was more common among the younger age group, with a slight male preponderance. They were mostly urban dwellers and civil/public servants. The most common presenting symptom was bleeding per rectum and majority of the cases presented at an advanced stage. Early detection through public health education, screening programs, affordable and effective treatment, and follow-up will help reverse this trend. Conclusion: The study showed that colorectal cancer was more common among the younger age group, with a slight male preponderance. They were mostly urban dwellers and civil/public servants. Bleeding per rectum being the most common complaint, majority of the cases presented at an advanced stage. Early detection through public health education, screening programs, affordable and effective treatment, and follow-up will help reverse this trend.
{"title":"Socio-demographic and clinico-pathologic pattern of patients with colorectal cancers seen in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria","authors":"H. Theyra-Enias, S. Adewuyi, A. Alabi, Desiree Jummai, I. Zubairu","doi":"10.4103/wajr.wajr_27_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_27_19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. It accounts for 10.2% of cancer incidence globally, with a mortality of 9.2%. It ranks third in terms of incidence but second in terms of mortality. Colorectal cancer is not uniformly common throughout the world. Its incidence is increasing in developing countries, probably due to the acquisition of western lifestyle. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the sociodemographic and clinicopathological pattern of patients with colorectal cancer seen in the Department of Surgery, Radiotherapy, and Oncology Centre, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, over a 10-year period. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, data were collected from the case files and treatment cards of 122 patients with colorectal cancer managed at the Surgical, Radiotherapy, and Oncology Department of ABUTH, Zaria, from January 2006 to December 2015. Data items analyzed included age, sex, residential area, occupation, duration of symptoms, presenting complaints, subsite, histological type, grade, and stage. All analyses were performed by SPSS version 20. Results: An annual incidence of 12.2 cases/annum was seen. Seventy (57.4%) were male and 52 (42.6%) were female. Male:female ratio was 1.3:1 and the age range was between 12 years and 78 years, majority were between 31 and 40 years (24.6%), with a mean age of 42.4 years and median age of 41 years. It was found to be more common among the urban dwellers, with the public/civil servants being the most affected (36.0%). The duration of presenting complain ranged from 3 weeks to 10 years, most patients presenting at 7–10 months with more than one symptom. Bleeding per rectum was the most common symptom seen in 20%. Adenocarcinoma was the predominant histology seen in 73% (n = 89) and 28.7% were well differentiated. The rectum was the most common subsite, while left-sided lesions (20%) were more common than right-sided lesions (17%). About 18% (n = 22) had distant metastasis. Conclusion: The study showed that colorectal cancer was more common among the younger age group, with a slight male preponderance. They were mostly urban dwellers and civil/public servants. The most common presenting symptom was bleeding per rectum and majority of the cases presented at an advanced stage. Early detection through public health education, screening programs, affordable and effective treatment, and follow-up will help reverse this trend. Conclusion: The study showed that colorectal cancer was more common among the younger age group, with a slight male preponderance. They were mostly urban dwellers and civil/public servants. Bleeding per rectum being the most common complaint, majority of the cases presented at an advanced stage. Early detection through public health education, screening programs, affordable and effective treatment, and follow-up will help reverse this trend.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45535565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fahr's disease is a rare genetic or sporadic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal deposition of calcium in areas of the brain that control movements, including the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. The continuous development, as well as widespread use of brain imaging, has contributed to the increased detection rates of such cases. We describe a sixty-six-year-old male Nigerian who presented with recurrent loss of consciousness, urinary incontinence, and an incidental radiological finding characteristic of Fahr's disease. This article discusses the clinical features, radiological features, diagnostic criteria, and management of Fahr's disease.
{"title":"Fahr's disease: Clinicoradiological findings of a rare disease in an adult Nigerian","authors":"A. Adekanmi, Ayotunde Bisi, R. Akinyemi","doi":"10.4103/wajr.wajr_5_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_5_20","url":null,"abstract":"Fahr's disease is a rare genetic or sporadic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal deposition of calcium in areas of the brain that control movements, including the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. The continuous development, as well as widespread use of brain imaging, has contributed to the increased detection rates of such cases. We describe a sixty-six-year-old male Nigerian who presented with recurrent loss of consciousness, urinary incontinence, and an incidental radiological finding characteristic of Fahr's disease. This article discusses the clinical features, radiological features, diagnostic criteria, and management of Fahr's disease.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49268383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Uchenwa, I. Anochie, H. Okafor, Obinna Maduforo
Background: Renal size is an important parameter in evaluation and management of a child with kidney disease. Establishing the normal limits of renal sizes standardized against somatometric parameters will be a useful tool in detecting probable renal diseases in children. Aim: To determine renal sizes in relation to body mass index (BMI) in apparently healthy primary school children in Port Harcourt. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and multi-staged study involving 450 children aged 6-12 years. Renal ultrasonography was carried out using a portable DP 1100 PLUS real time ultrasound machine fitted with 3.5MHz probe. The length, width and anteroposterior diameter of the kidneys were measured, and renal volume calculated. The BMI percentile for age and sex were obtained. The renal sizes were correlated with somatometric parameters and regression equations derived. Results: The mean renal length and volume percentiles increased from 77.7 ± 5.6 and 49.2 ± 13.7 at 6years to 85.9 ± 5.9 and 60.4 ± 18.4 at 12years respectively. There were no significant differences in the length and volume between the right and left kidneys, and dimensions of the kidneys were not statistically different in males and females. There was a significant positive correlation between BMI and renal dimensions. The renal length and volume increased at a rate of 1.372mm and 1.951cm3 per year and at a rate of 0.067mm and 0.176cm3 per one percentile increase in BMI respectively. The regression model derived for predicting renal length in mm =65.731 + (1.372 Age X) + (0.067 BMI percentile X) while that for renal volume in cm3 =26.386 + (1.951 Age X) + (0.176 BMI percentile X), (Where X is the independent variables: age in years and BMI in percentile). Conclusion: BMI has a significant positive linear relationship with renal dimensions. This study has provided prediction models for deriving renal length and volume from subject's BMI and age.
{"title":"Relationship between renal dimensions using ultrasonography and body mass index in apparently healthy school children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"T. Uchenwa, I. Anochie, H. Okafor, Obinna Maduforo","doi":"10.4103/wajr.wajr_7_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_7_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Renal size is an important parameter in evaluation and management of a child with kidney disease. Establishing the normal limits of renal sizes standardized against somatometric parameters will be a useful tool in detecting probable renal diseases in children. Aim: To determine renal sizes in relation to body mass index (BMI) in apparently healthy primary school children in Port Harcourt. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and multi-staged study involving 450 children aged 6-12 years. Renal ultrasonography was carried out using a portable DP 1100 PLUS real time ultrasound machine fitted with 3.5MHz probe. The length, width and anteroposterior diameter of the kidneys were measured, and renal volume calculated. The BMI percentile for age and sex were obtained. The renal sizes were correlated with somatometric parameters and regression equations derived. Results: The mean renal length and volume percentiles increased from 77.7 ± 5.6 and 49.2 ± 13.7 at 6years to 85.9 ± 5.9 and 60.4 ± 18.4 at 12years respectively. There were no significant differences in the length and volume between the right and left kidneys, and dimensions of the kidneys were not statistically different in males and females. There was a significant positive correlation between BMI and renal dimensions. The renal length and volume increased at a rate of 1.372mm and 1.951cm3 per year and at a rate of 0.067mm and 0.176cm3 per one percentile increase in BMI respectively. The regression model derived for predicting renal length in mm =65.731 + (1.372 Age X) + (0.067 BMI percentile X) while that for renal volume in cm3 =26.386 + (1.951 Age X) + (0.176 BMI percentile X), (Where X is the independent variables: age in years and BMI in percentile). Conclusion: BMI has a significant positive linear relationship with renal dimensions. This study has provided prediction models for deriving renal length and volume from subject's BMI and age.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46679564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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