O. Oboke, A. Adeyomoye, Alani S Akanmu, O. Omidiji, O. Agbaje
Background: Iron is a pro-oxidant cofactor that may be linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression and reduction of body iron stores have been hypothesized to reduce the risk of CV disease. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess reduction in CVD risk susceptibility among regular blood donors compared with nondonors using ultrasound brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD). Settings and Design: A prospective comparative study designed to establish the difference between mean flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in the patients who are regular blood donors compared with nondonors recruited from a Teaching Hospital donor clinic. Materials and Methods: Data were collected over 7 months from December 2014 to June 2015. 100 eligible regular male blood donors, aged 21–50 years, were selected from a Teaching Hospital blood donor records and their BAFMD assessed. 50 nondonors/ first time donors, of equivalent age group, consecutively were assessed for comparison. Serum markers of iron stores, markers of oxidative stress and other related cardiac risk factors were also assessed in all patients. Results: BAFMD was significantly greater in regular blood donors when compared with nondonors (13.95% ± 7.02% vs. 8.20% ± 4.19%, P = 0.000). Serum ferritin was significantly decreased in regular blood donors when compared with nondonors (mean value 41.92 ng/ml ± 23.12 ng/ml vs. 61.97 ± 30.19 ng/ml, P = 0.000), but Hb did not differ between the groups. High FMD was significantly associated with high C-high-density lipoprotein and low C-LDL (r = −0.215*, P = 0.032, r = 0.188, P = 0.031, r = 0.193, P = 0.027, r = 0.0279, P = 0.002, r = 0.139, P = 0.084). LDL was decreased in regular blood donors compared with nondonors. Conclusion: The study provides prognostic information for assessing ultrasound BAFMD as a cardiac risk marker. Regular blood donors have enhanced cardiovascular function with increased flow-mediated dilation, decreased body iron stores, and decreased oxidative stress compared with nondonors.
{"title":"Assessment of ultrasound flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery in regular blood donors in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital","authors":"O. Oboke, A. Adeyomoye, Alani S Akanmu, O. Omidiji, O. Agbaje","doi":"10.4103/wajr.wajr_6_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_6_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Iron is a pro-oxidant cofactor that may be linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression and reduction of body iron stores have been hypothesized to reduce the risk of CV disease. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess reduction in CVD risk susceptibility among regular blood donors compared with nondonors using ultrasound brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD). Settings and Design: A prospective comparative study designed to establish the difference between mean flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in the patients who are regular blood donors compared with nondonors recruited from a Teaching Hospital donor clinic. Materials and Methods: Data were collected over 7 months from December 2014 to June 2015. 100 eligible regular male blood donors, aged 21–50 years, were selected from a Teaching Hospital blood donor records and their BAFMD assessed. 50 nondonors/ first time donors, of equivalent age group, consecutively were assessed for comparison. Serum markers of iron stores, markers of oxidative stress and other related cardiac risk factors were also assessed in all patients. Results: BAFMD was significantly greater in regular blood donors when compared with nondonors (13.95% ± 7.02% vs. 8.20% ± 4.19%, P = 0.000). Serum ferritin was significantly decreased in regular blood donors when compared with nondonors (mean value 41.92 ng/ml ± 23.12 ng/ml vs. 61.97 ± 30.19 ng/ml, P = 0.000), but Hb did not differ between the groups. High FMD was significantly associated with high C-high-density lipoprotein and low C-LDL (r = −0.215*, P = 0.032, r = 0.188, P = 0.031, r = 0.193, P = 0.027, r = 0.0279, P = 0.002, r = 0.139, P = 0.084). LDL was decreased in regular blood donors compared with nondonors. Conclusion: The study provides prognostic information for assessing ultrasound BAFMD as a cardiac risk marker. Regular blood donors have enhanced cardiovascular function with increased flow-mediated dilation, decreased body iron stores, and decreased oxidative stress compared with nondonors.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49181011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Malgwi, W. Elshami, J. Zira, A. Edwin, Moi Alhamdu, S. Laushugno, A. Ogenyi, M. Umar, Ginikanwa Augusta
Background: Ultrasound is the frontline diagnostic tool of choice for perinatal care. It is usually provided in ideal settings by experts. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the knowledge, perception, and attitude of health-care professionals toward obstetric ultrasound in internally displaced persons (IDPs) camps in Maiduguri, Borno state, North-east Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A prospective survey was conducted in three selected IDPs camps in Maiduguri from January to May 2017. Healthcare personnel from the antenatal clinics of the selected IDPs camps were enrolled in the study. A 26-item structured questionnaire was used to elicit responses on demography, knowledge, perception, and attitude. Data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 and descriptive statistics were generated for the data. Results: Out of the fifty questionnaires distributed, forty-five were filled and returned appropriately; given a returned rate of 90.0%. The respondents consisted of community health extension worker (37.8%, n = 17), nurses (24.4%, n = 11), midwives (24.4%, n = 11), and doctors (13.3%, n = 6). Respondents had average knowledge about obstetric ultrasound (59%); however, their levels of perception and attitude toward obstetric ultrasound were high, 84% and 69%, respectively. Nevertheless, 31.1% of the respondents believed ultrasound to be harmful to the baby, 3.8% believed it can lead to cancer or can be painful, and 2.2% felt that there is no need for ultrasound scan during pregnancy. Doctors had the highest level of knowledge, right perception, and positive attitude toward obstetric ultrasound (100%). Conclusion: A good number of the respondents had the right perception and attitude toward obstetric ultrasound, but generally most respondents had inadequate knowledge.
{"title":"Knowledge, perception, and attitude of health-care professionals toward obstetrics ultrasonography in selected internally displaced persons' camps in North-east Nigeria","authors":"F. Malgwi, W. Elshami, J. Zira, A. Edwin, Moi Alhamdu, S. Laushugno, A. Ogenyi, M. Umar, Ginikanwa Augusta","doi":"10.4103/wajr.wajr_20_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_20_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ultrasound is the frontline diagnostic tool of choice for perinatal care. It is usually provided in ideal settings by experts. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the knowledge, perception, and attitude of health-care professionals toward obstetric ultrasound in internally displaced persons (IDPs) camps in Maiduguri, Borno state, North-east Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A prospective survey was conducted in three selected IDPs camps in Maiduguri from January to May 2017. Healthcare personnel from the antenatal clinics of the selected IDPs camps were enrolled in the study. A 26-item structured questionnaire was used to elicit responses on demography, knowledge, perception, and attitude. Data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 and descriptive statistics were generated for the data. Results: Out of the fifty questionnaires distributed, forty-five were filled and returned appropriately; given a returned rate of 90.0%. The respondents consisted of community health extension worker (37.8%, n = 17), nurses (24.4%, n = 11), midwives (24.4%, n = 11), and doctors (13.3%, n = 6). Respondents had average knowledge about obstetric ultrasound (59%); however, their levels of perception and attitude toward obstetric ultrasound were high, 84% and 69%, respectively. Nevertheless, 31.1% of the respondents believed ultrasound to be harmful to the baby, 3.8% believed it can lead to cancer or can be painful, and 2.2% felt that there is no need for ultrasound scan during pregnancy. Doctors had the highest level of knowledge, right perception, and positive attitude toward obstetric ultrasound (100%). Conclusion: A good number of the respondents had the right perception and attitude toward obstetric ultrasound, but generally most respondents had inadequate knowledge.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47671026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ozoh, M. Govender, Olakunle A Towobola, G. Ogunbanjo
Background: The aim of this study is to determine the profile of abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan findings of patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and other pancreatic neoplasm that simulates pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which constitute the majority of pancreatic neoplasm at Dr. George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of abdominal CT scans of 67 patients, aged 12 years and older, with histologically confirmed pancreatic neoplasms, including their medical records and laboratory results, from November 1, 2013 to June 30, 2017, was conducted. CT scan images were acquired with 128 slices, Philips, and GE CT scanners. Statistical analysis was made using a Statistical Program for the Social Sciences software SPSS (version 22.0). Results: There were 36 females (53.7%) and 31 males (46.3%) in this series and four demised. The ages of the patients ranged from 12 to 90 years. The most common clinical presentation was obstructive jaundice (86.6%). The predominant histological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma (74.6%), followed by primary lymphoma of the pancreas (13.4%) and 65.7% of the pancreatic neoplasms were unresectable, while most of the other pancreatic neoplasms based on their CT scan findings masqueraded as pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma demonstrated both typical and atypical CT scan findings. Conclusion: Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of pancreatic neoplasms are important because of their high morbidity and mortality. The majority of the pancreatic neoplasms were unresectable at the time of their presentation. A multidisciplinary management team is recommended since pancreatic neoplasms still remain a serious clinical challenge.
背景:本研究的目的是确定在南非比勒陀利亚Ga-Rankuwa的Dr. George Mukhari学术医院诊断为胰腺腺癌和其他类似胰腺腺癌的胰腺肿瘤患者的腹部计算机断层扫描(CT)扫描结果的概况，这些胰腺肿瘤构成了大多数胰腺肿瘤。材料与方法:对2013年11月1日至2017年6月30日67例经组织学证实的胰腺肿瘤患者的腹部CT扫描进行前瞻性研究，包括其病历和实验室结果。采用128片、Philips、GE CT扫描仪获取CT扫描图像。使用社会科学统计程序软件SPSS(22.0版)进行统计分析。结果:本组病例中，女性36例(53.7%)，男性31例(46.3%)，死亡4例。患者年龄从12岁到90岁不等。最常见的临床表现为梗阻性黄疸(86.6%)。组织学诊断以腺癌为主(74.6%)，其次为原发性胰腺淋巴瘤(13.4%)，65.7%的胰腺肿瘤不能切除，而其他大多数胰腺肿瘤根据其CT扫描表现伪装为胰腺腺癌。胰腺腺癌具有典型和不典型的CT扫描表现。结论:胰腺肿瘤具有较高的发病率和死亡率，对其进行准确的诊断和适当的治疗至关重要。大多数胰腺肿瘤在出现时是不可切除的。由于胰腺肿瘤仍然是一个严重的临床挑战，建议多学科管理团队。
{"title":"Profile of computed tomography scan findings of patients diagnosed with pancreatic neoplasm at Dr. George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa","authors":"J. Ozoh, M. Govender, Olakunle A Towobola, G. Ogunbanjo","doi":"10.4103/wajr.wajr_55_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_55_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study is to determine the profile of abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan findings of patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and other pancreatic neoplasm that simulates pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which constitute the majority of pancreatic neoplasm at Dr. George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of abdominal CT scans of 67 patients, aged 12 years and older, with histologically confirmed pancreatic neoplasms, including their medical records and laboratory results, from November 1, 2013 to June 30, 2017, was conducted. CT scan images were acquired with 128 slices, Philips, and GE CT scanners. Statistical analysis was made using a Statistical Program for the Social Sciences software SPSS (version 22.0). Results: There were 36 females (53.7%) and 31 males (46.3%) in this series and four demised. The ages of the patients ranged from 12 to 90 years. The most common clinical presentation was obstructive jaundice (86.6%). The predominant histological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma (74.6%), followed by primary lymphoma of the pancreas (13.4%) and 65.7% of the pancreatic neoplasms were unresectable, while most of the other pancreatic neoplasms based on their CT scan findings masqueraded as pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma demonstrated both typical and atypical CT scan findings. Conclusion: Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of pancreatic neoplasms are important because of their high morbidity and mortality. The majority of the pancreatic neoplasms were unresectable at the time of their presentation. A multidisciplinary management team is recommended since pancreatic neoplasms still remain a serious clinical challenge.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45393180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Commercial motorcycling is a common means of transportation in Nigeria, and motorcycle road traffic accidents (MCRTAs) are commonly associated with multiple skull fractures. Cranial computed tomography (CT) scan is the standard imaging modality of patients with head injury. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the pattern of skull fractures on cranial CT scan in patients with head injury following MCRTA. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, between June and October 2016. Noncontrast cranial CT scan was performed on 190 patients who presented with head injury following MCRTAs. Results: Over half (n = 59.8%) of the patients were within the ages of 20–39 years with a mean age of 33 ± 14.37 years. A total of 183 patients did not use crash helmet at the time of accident, out of which 168 (n = 88.4%) sustained skull fractures. Six different skull fracture patterns were identified on cranial CT scan of these patients. The most common fracture pattern seen was the combined calvarial, facial, and base of skull fractures representing 22.1% while the least fracture pattern was the base of skull fracture (n = 4.7%). Most of the patients with calvarial fractures were without helmet at the time of injury (n = 98.3%) compared to 1.7% of patients who wore helmet at the time of injury. This was statistically significant (P = 0.040). Conclusion: This study further underscores the usefulness of cranial CT scan in identifying and evaluating patients with skull fractures following MCRTA in our environment, thus guiding proper medical and surgical management of such patients in a low-resource setting.
{"title":"Role of computed tomography scan in assessment of skull fracture patterns among motorcycle road traffic accident patients in South Western Nigeria","authors":"O. Akinwunmi, O. Atalabi, A. Adekanmi","doi":"10.4103/wajr.wajr_56_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_56_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Commercial motorcycling is a common means of transportation in Nigeria, and motorcycle road traffic accidents (MCRTAs) are commonly associated with multiple skull fractures. Cranial computed tomography (CT) scan is the standard imaging modality of patients with head injury. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the pattern of skull fractures on cranial CT scan in patients with head injury following MCRTA. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, between June and October 2016. Noncontrast cranial CT scan was performed on 190 patients who presented with head injury following MCRTAs. Results: Over half (n = 59.8%) of the patients were within the ages of 20–39 years with a mean age of 33 ± 14.37 years. A total of 183 patients did not use crash helmet at the time of accident, out of which 168 (n = 88.4%) sustained skull fractures. Six different skull fracture patterns were identified on cranial CT scan of these patients. The most common fracture pattern seen was the combined calvarial, facial, and base of skull fractures representing 22.1% while the least fracture pattern was the base of skull fracture (n = 4.7%). Most of the patients with calvarial fractures were without helmet at the time of injury (n = 98.3%) compared to 1.7% of patients who wore helmet at the time of injury. This was statistically significant (P = 0.040). Conclusion: This study further underscores the usefulness of cranial CT scan in identifying and evaluating patients with skull fractures following MCRTA in our environment, thus guiding proper medical and surgical management of such patients in a low-resource setting.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70854399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 3-year-old female child, a case of lymphoid leukemia successfully completed her last cycle of chemotherapy. While retrieving the chemoport, the distal part of the port was fractured and migrated distally in the superior vena cava which was seen on the chest radiograph and later confirmed on computed tomography (scan). We present an interesting case where removal of such a fractured port segment was done in toto by means of endovascular intervention through the common femoral vein under fluoroscopy guidance.
{"title":"Endovascular retrieval of fractured chemoport at the superior vena cava-right atrial junction in 3 years old","authors":"Punit Mahajan, K. Rathod","doi":"10.4103/wajr.wajr_38_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_38_18","url":null,"abstract":"A 3-year-old female child, a case of lymphoid leukemia successfully completed her last cycle of chemotherapy. While retrieving the chemoport, the distal part of the port was fractured and migrated distally in the superior vena cava which was seen on the chest radiograph and later confirmed on computed tomography (scan). We present an interesting case where removal of such a fractured port segment was done in toto by means of endovascular intervention through the common femoral vein under fluoroscopy guidance.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70854262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anterior abdominal wall defects form a wide spectrum of congenital abnormalities that allow the abdominal contents to protrude through an unusual opening on the abdominal wall. These defects could be physiological or pathological depending on the time of diagnosis. They include physiological gut herniation, congenital umbilical cord hernia, omphalocele, gastroschisis, ectopia cordis, bladder exstrophy, body-stalk anomaly, Prune-Belly Syndrome, and pentalogy of Cantrell. Correct prenatal diagnosis of these anomalies with ultrasound (US) is extremely important for patient management. Evaluation of the defect relative to the umbilical cord insertion site is fundamentally important in differentiating among the various malformations. We present a pictorial essay of the spectrum of anterior abdominal wall defects diagnosed prenatally with US seen over a 5-year period at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.
{"title":"Pattern of prenatal ultrasound diagnosed anterior abdominal wall defects at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria: A pictorial essay","authors":"J. Akinmoladun, T. Lawal, O. Bello","doi":"10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_7_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_7_18","url":null,"abstract":"Anterior abdominal wall defects form a wide spectrum of congenital abnormalities that allow the abdominal contents to protrude through an unusual opening on the abdominal wall. These defects could be physiological or pathological depending on the time of diagnosis. They include physiological gut herniation, congenital umbilical cord hernia, omphalocele, gastroschisis, ectopia cordis, bladder exstrophy, body-stalk anomaly, Prune-Belly Syndrome, and pentalogy of Cantrell. Correct prenatal diagnosis of these anomalies with ultrasound (US) is extremely important for patient management. Evaluation of the defect relative to the umbilical cord insertion site is fundamentally important in differentiating among the various malformations. We present a pictorial essay of the spectrum of anterior abdominal wall defects diagnosed prenatally with US seen over a 5-year period at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42733942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Long-standing essential hypertension can initiate changes in renal size and alteration in renal function which can be assessed using ultrasound and biochemical tests, respectively. Ultrasound is a noninvasive and affordable investigative modality that is readily available. Patients and Methods: One hundred and fifty patients consisting of 54 (36%) males and 96 (64%) females with essential hypertension attending cardiology outpatient clinic were recruited and investigated after obtaining an informed consent. Renal volume was calculated from ultrasound measurement of renal dimensions. Blood sample was assessed for serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated using the Cockcroft and Gault (CG) and modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formulae. Data analysis was performed using Statistical package for Social Sciences version 17.0. Results: The mean renal volume was 115.7 ± 29.2 cm3 on the right and 132.4 ± 40.2 cm3 on the left. The mean renal volumes for males were 126.1 ± 27.9 cm3 and 141.1 ± 40.6 cm3 while values for female patients were 109.9 ± 28.2 cm3 and 127.5 ± 9.4 cm3 on the right and left, respectively. Differences in renal sizes on both sides were not statistically significant, P = 0.120 and 0.063. Values were significantly higher in male patients compared to the female patients, for both sides (P = 0.001 and 0.046 on the right and left, respectively). Mean serum creatinine was 0.9 ± 0.03 mg/dl. Conclusion: Male hypertensive patients had significant higher renal volume values than females. However, renal volume did not correlate with duration of hypertension for all the patients. There was no correlation between renal volume and renal function using CG and MDRD formula.
{"title":"Correlation of renal volume on ultrasound with renal function tests in hypertensives in University of Benin Teaching Hospital","authors":"N. Nwafor, A. Adeyekun","doi":"10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_53_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_53_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Long-standing essential hypertension can initiate changes in renal size and alteration in renal function which can be assessed using ultrasound and biochemical tests, respectively. Ultrasound is a noninvasive and affordable investigative modality that is readily available. Patients and Methods: One hundred and fifty patients consisting of 54 (36%) males and 96 (64%) females with essential hypertension attending cardiology outpatient clinic were recruited and investigated after obtaining an informed consent. Renal volume was calculated from ultrasound measurement of renal dimensions. Blood sample was assessed for serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated using the Cockcroft and Gault (CG) and modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formulae. Data analysis was performed using Statistical package for Social Sciences version 17.0. Results: The mean renal volume was 115.7 ± 29.2 cm3 on the right and 132.4 ± 40.2 cm3 on the left. The mean renal volumes for males were 126.1 ± 27.9 cm3 and 141.1 ± 40.6 cm3 while values for female patients were 109.9 ± 28.2 cm3 and 127.5 ± 9.4 cm3 on the right and left, respectively. Differences in renal sizes on both sides were not statistically significant, P = 0.120 and 0.063. Values were significantly higher in male patients compared to the female patients, for both sides (P = 0.001 and 0.046 on the right and left, respectively). Mean serum creatinine was 0.9 ± 0.03 mg/dl. Conclusion: Male hypertensive patients had significant higher renal volume values than females. However, renal volume did not correlate with duration of hypertension for all the patients. There was no correlation between renal volume and renal function using CG and MDRD formula.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42764043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Adeyekun, Ogugua Annie Ifijeh, A. Akhigbe, Mohammed Abubakar
Background: Correct estimation of intravascular volume is crucial in critically ill and traumatized patients. Measurement of the central venous pressure (CVP) is invasive and time consuming. Studies have shown that inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD) correlates with CVP. Sonographic assessment of IVCD and its respirophasic changes (collapsibility index; CI) is a non-invasive, quick and reliable means of estimating CVP and hence, intravascular fluid volume. Data on such studies are scanty among adult Nigerians. Aim: To establish normograms of IVCD and CI for healthy adults in Benin City, Nigeria as well as determine the relationship of IVCD and CI with height, weight, body mass index (BMI), age and gender. Method: Four hundred apparently healthy adult volunteers were prospectively studied by means of ultrasound. Demographic data and BMI were obtained. The IVCD was measured during inspiration, expiration and sniff. The CI was subsequently calculated for each subject. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 was used for data analysis including tests of significance. Probability values less than or equal to 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The mean IVCD in this study was 6.1±2.2mm and 13.0±4.0 mm for inspiration and expiration respectively. The mean CI was 49.7±0.5%. There was no statistically significant correlation between IVCD and CI with height and BMI. Conclusion: This study has determined normal IVCD and CI reference range for healthy Nigerian adults. The CI is independent of height, weight, BMI and gender. Since the CI is not dependent on physical attributes and gender, it may serve as an objective tool for monitoring the fluid status of patient
{"title":"Ultrasound reference values for inferior vena cava diameter and collapsibility index among adult Nigerians","authors":"A. Adeyekun, Ogugua Annie Ifijeh, A. Akhigbe, Mohammed Abubakar","doi":"10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_51_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_51_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Correct estimation of intravascular volume is crucial in critically ill and traumatized patients. Measurement of the central venous pressure (CVP) is invasive and time consuming. Studies have shown that inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD) correlates with CVP. Sonographic assessment of IVCD and its respirophasic changes (collapsibility index; CI) is a non-invasive, quick and reliable means of estimating CVP and hence, intravascular fluid volume. Data on such studies are scanty among adult Nigerians. Aim: To establish normograms of IVCD and CI for healthy adults in Benin City, Nigeria as well as determine the relationship of IVCD and CI with height, weight, body mass index (BMI), age and gender. Method: Four hundred apparently healthy adult volunteers were prospectively studied by means of ultrasound. Demographic data and BMI were obtained. The IVCD was measured during inspiration, expiration and sniff. The CI was subsequently calculated for each subject. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 was used for data analysis including tests of significance. Probability values less than or equal to 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The mean IVCD in this study was 6.1±2.2mm and 13.0±4.0 mm for inspiration and expiration respectively. The mean CI was 49.7±0.5%. There was no statistically significant correlation between IVCD and CI with height and BMI. Conclusion: This study has determined normal IVCD and CI reference range for healthy Nigerian adults. The CI is independent of height, weight, BMI and gender. Since the CI is not dependent on physical attributes and gender, it may serve as an objective tool for monitoring the fluid status of patient","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46994111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dengue encephalitis is caused by a nonneurotropic virus of Flaviviridae group. It is a very rare manifestation of dengue fever caused by direct invasion of neural tissue into brain parenchyma. It causes a spectrum of neurologic manifestations such as meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, and stroke. Here, we discuss a 20-year-old antenatal woman who presented with acute-onset fever and altered sensorium for 1 day. Blood investigations showed mild thrombocytopenia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed characteristic hemorrhagic encephalitis involving bilateral thalami and pons with diffusion restriction. Cerebrospinal fluid for the meningoencephalitic panel was negative. Serology for dengue NS1 antigen and immunoglobulin M antibody were positive. Although considered as a nonneurotropic virus, acute clinical presentation of fever, and altered sensorium apart from herpes and Japanese encephalitis, dengue encephalitis should also be regarded as one of the differentials.
{"title":"Rare magnetic resonance imaging findings in dengue encephalitis","authors":"Madhavi Karri, Balakrishnan Ramasamy","doi":"10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_17_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_17_18","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue encephalitis is caused by a nonneurotropic virus of Flaviviridae group. It is a very rare manifestation of dengue fever caused by direct invasion of neural tissue into brain parenchyma. It causes a spectrum of neurologic manifestations such as meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, and stroke. Here, we discuss a 20-year-old antenatal woman who presented with acute-onset fever and altered sensorium for 1 day. Blood investigations showed mild thrombocytopenia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed characteristic hemorrhagic encephalitis involving bilateral thalami and pons with diffusion restriction. Cerebrospinal fluid for the meningoencephalitic panel was negative. Serology for dengue NS1 antigen and immunoglobulin M antibody were positive. Although considered as a nonneurotropic virus, acute clinical presentation of fever, and altered sensorium apart from herpes and Japanese encephalitis, dengue encephalitis should also be regarded as one of the differentials.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49002779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Andrianah, L. Ony, A. Rasolonjatovo, H. Andrianarimanitra, Ahmad Ahmad
{"title":"Suppurated inguinal node mimicking a strangulated inguinal ovarian hernia on ultrasound","authors":"E. Andrianah, L. Ony, A. Rasolonjatovo, H. Andrianarimanitra, Ahmad Ahmad","doi":"10.4103/wajr.wajr_46_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_46_17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48409316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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