Kanyaruck Jindaphun, Nuchjira Takheaw, Witida Laopajon, S. Pata, W. Kasinrerk
Background: Cannabis extract has a long history of being used in the treatment and prevention of several medical conditions. The utilization of cannabis extracts, whether for medical or localized purposes, is widely observed. In cannabis extract, cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the most important non-psychoactive compounds. Several studies have demonstrated that CBD has several benefits in the treatment of various medical conditions. Nevertheless, CBD has also been demonstrated to suppress both innate and adaptive immune responses. Despite CBD has claimed to have many benefits, the toxicity of CBD is often pointed out and discussed. Nonetheless, the data on the toxicity effects of CBD on immune cells are limited. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the toxicity effects of various concentrations of CBD on immune cells, including CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells, and monocytes. Materials and methods: Various concentrations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with various concentrations of CBD or relative concentrations of methanol as a diluent control for 12, 24, and 48 hrs. Cell morphology was observed using flow cytometry. The percentage of cell death in the treated cells was determined by cell viability assay. In addition, the toxic effects of CBD on PBMC sub-populations were determined by staining with fluorochromeconjugated zombie viability dye and fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies specific to each cell sub-population. Then, the percentage of cell death in each sub-population was assessed using flow cytometry. Results: CBD at concentrations of 40 and 80 µM showed toxicity effects on PBMCs. At these concentrations, CBD induced both cell morphological changes and cell death. While 20 µM CBD induced different effects, ranging from none to mild and high toxicity. The toxicity of CBD at 20 µM concentration depends on the individual. In contrast, CBD at ten µM and below showed no toxicity to PBMCs. The observed toxic effects of CBD occurred in all sub-populations of PBMCs, including CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells, and monocytes. Conclusion: CBD has toxicity effects on immune cells. These effects depend on CBD concentrations, PBMC concentrations, and the duration of CBD exposure. Our findings emphasize the importance of awareness for CBD users when consuming CBD.
{"title":"Toxicity effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) on immune cells","authors":"Kanyaruck Jindaphun, Nuchjira Takheaw, Witida Laopajon, S. Pata, W. Kasinrerk","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cannabis extract has a long history of being used in the treatment and prevention of several medical conditions. The utilization of cannabis extracts, whether for medical or localized purposes, is widely observed. In cannabis extract, cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the most important non-psychoactive compounds. Several studies have demonstrated that CBD has several benefits in the treatment of various medical conditions. Nevertheless, CBD has also been demonstrated to suppress both innate and adaptive immune responses. Despite CBD has claimed to have many benefits, the toxicity of CBD is often pointed out and discussed. Nonetheless, the data on the toxicity effects of CBD on immune cells are limited. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the toxicity effects of various concentrations of CBD on immune cells, including CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells, and monocytes. Materials and methods: Various concentrations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with various concentrations of CBD or relative concentrations of methanol as a diluent control for 12, 24, and 48 hrs. Cell morphology was observed using flow cytometry. The percentage of cell death in the treated cells was determined by cell viability assay. In addition, the toxic effects of CBD on PBMC sub-populations were determined by staining with fluorochromeconjugated zombie viability dye and fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies specific to each cell sub-population. Then, the percentage of cell death in each sub-population was assessed using flow cytometry. Results: CBD at concentrations of 40 and 80 µM showed toxicity effects on PBMCs. At these concentrations, CBD induced both cell morphological changes and cell death. While 20 µM CBD induced different effects, ranging from none to mild and high toxicity. The toxicity of CBD at 20 µM concentration depends on the individual. In contrast, CBD at ten µM and below showed no toxicity to PBMCs. The observed toxic effects of CBD occurred in all sub-populations of PBMCs, including CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells, and monocytes. Conclusion: CBD has toxicity effects on immune cells. These effects depend on CBD concentrations, PBMC concentrations, and the duration of CBD exposure. Our findings emphasize the importance of awareness for CBD users when consuming CBD.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139113696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Cressey, Sudalak Sankunkit, Chonnipa Chaovatin, Natteewan Doungjinda, A. Lungkaphin
Background: Although atorvastatin is commonly used as a hypolipidemic agent, it confers many health benefits in which the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We have previously shown that combined treatment of atorvastatin and insulin effectively restored renal function of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats; nevertheless, the underlying mechanism was not known. Objective: To determine whether the reno-protective effect of atorvastatin and insulin is mediated through its impact on autophagy. Materials and methods: Markers of autophagy, LC3, and p62/SQSTM1, in rat kidney tissues and cell lines treated with atorvastatin and/or insulin were determined by Western blot analysis. Results: Levels of both LC3-I and LC3-II proteins in kidney tissues of STZ-diabetic rats treated with atorvastatin and insulin were significantly increased. The autophagic flux was examined in vitro and showed that high glucose culture conditions suppressed the autophagic flux in kidney cells. Treatment with insulin moderately increased the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. Interestingly, atorvastatin increased autophagic flux only in the hyperglycemic but not in the normoglycemic condition. p62/SQSTM1 protein level was decreased in response to high glucose treatment but increased with the addition of insulin and/or atorvastatin. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that atorvastatin may represent a novel regimen in providing prevention and protection for diabetic nephropathy through the underlying mechanisms of inducing autophagy and p62/SQSTM1.
{"title":"Atorvastatin increases autophagic flux and p62/SQSTM1 of kidney cells in hyperglycemic conditions and treatment in combination with insulin improves renal function of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats","authors":"R. Cressey, Sudalak Sankunkit, Chonnipa Chaovatin, Natteewan Doungjinda, A. Lungkaphin","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.016","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although atorvastatin is commonly used as a hypolipidemic agent, it confers many health benefits in which the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We have previously shown that combined treatment of atorvastatin and insulin effectively restored renal function of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats; nevertheless, the underlying mechanism was not known. Objective: To determine whether the reno-protective effect of atorvastatin and insulin is mediated through its impact on autophagy. Materials and methods: Markers of autophagy, LC3, and p62/SQSTM1, in rat kidney tissues and cell lines treated with atorvastatin and/or insulin were determined by Western blot analysis. Results: Levels of both LC3-I and LC3-II proteins in kidney tissues of STZ-diabetic rats treated with atorvastatin and insulin were significantly increased. The autophagic flux was examined in vitro and showed that high glucose culture conditions suppressed the autophagic flux in kidney cells. Treatment with insulin moderately increased the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. Interestingly, atorvastatin increased autophagic flux only in the hyperglycemic but not in the normoglycemic condition. p62/SQSTM1 protein level was decreased in response to high glucose treatment but increased with the addition of insulin and/or atorvastatin. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that atorvastatin may represent a novel regimen in providing prevention and protection for diabetic nephropathy through the underlying mechanisms of inducing autophagy and p62/SQSTM1.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139113900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gulshan Sharma, Era Upadhyay, Akshay Kulkarni, Archna Sagalgile
Background: The association of air pollution with the COVID-19 pandemic majorly caused respiratory diseases among the major outcomes of COVID-19 infection. In addition, meteorological factors play an important role in spreading COVID-19 infection in humans who have been exposed to air pollutants. Objectives: This study aims to estimate and comprehend the linkages between the contribution of PM 2.5 concentrations and meteorological parameters to the spreading coronavirus infection in Gurugram, a badly affected city in India due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: We employed some statistical analysis on daily average data of PM 2.5 concentrations and meteorological conditions with daily COVID-19 cases from March 2020 to February 2022. To optimize PM2.5 concentrations linked with COVID-19 instances, a time series analysis was performed. The Pearson correlation test investigated the relationships between PM2.5levels, meteorological data, and COVID-19 instances. The PCA was applied to reveal the most significant factor attributable to affecting the rate of COVID-19 transmission in Gurugram. Results: The highest cases of COVID-19 (250,000) were observed in February 2022 when PM 2.5 concentration was 286.6µg/m3, 12.64 oC temperature, 73.81% RH, and 68.265 km/h wind speed while minimum cases (3125) were found in March 2020 with the 18.18µg/m3 PM2.5 concentration, 10.62.oC temperature, 50.05% RH, and 83.295km/h wind speed. Conclusion: The principal component analysis helped conclude the results, which revealed that the daily COVID-19 cases were significantly positively correlated with PM 2.5 concentrations, RH, and temperature. However, daily COVID-19 cases were negatively or poorly correlated with wind speed. COVID-19 pandemic is prominently affected by PM 2.5, while RH and temperature were found to be important meteorological factors significantly affecting its human-to-human transmission. This study may provide useful indications to regulatory bodies to modify environmental health policies.
{"title":"COVID-19 transmission due to interplay between PM2.5 and weather conditions","authors":"Gulshan Sharma, Era Upadhyay, Akshay Kulkarni, Archna Sagalgile","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The association of air pollution with the COVID-19 pandemic majorly caused respiratory diseases among the major outcomes of COVID-19 infection. In addition, meteorological factors play an important role in spreading COVID-19 infection in humans who have been exposed to air pollutants. Objectives: This study aims to estimate and comprehend the linkages between the contribution of PM 2.5 concentrations and meteorological parameters to the spreading coronavirus infection in Gurugram, a badly affected city in India due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: We employed some statistical analysis on daily average data of PM 2.5 concentrations and meteorological conditions with daily COVID-19 cases from March 2020 to February 2022. To optimize PM2.5 concentrations linked with COVID-19 instances, a time series analysis was performed. The Pearson correlation test investigated the relationships between PM2.5levels, meteorological data, and COVID-19 instances. The PCA was applied to reveal the most significant factor attributable to affecting the rate of COVID-19 transmission in Gurugram. Results: The highest cases of COVID-19 (250,000) were observed in February 2022 when PM 2.5 concentration was 286.6µg/m3, 12.64 oC temperature, 73.81% RH, and 68.265 km/h wind speed while minimum cases (3125) were found in March 2020 with the 18.18µg/m3 PM2.5 concentration, 10.62.oC temperature, 50.05% RH, and 83.295km/h wind speed. Conclusion: The principal component analysis helped conclude the results, which revealed that the daily COVID-19 cases were significantly positively correlated with PM 2.5 concentrations, RH, and temperature. However, daily COVID-19 cases were negatively or poorly correlated with wind speed. COVID-19 pandemic is prominently affected by PM 2.5, while RH and temperature were found to be important meteorological factors significantly affecting its human-to-human transmission. This study may provide useful indications to regulatory bodies to modify environmental health policies.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139113950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Cressey, Sudalak Sankunkit, Chonnipa Chaovatin, Natteewan Doungjinda, A. Lungkaphin
Background: Although atorvastatin is commonly used as a hypolipidemic agent, it confers many health benefits in which the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We have previously shown that combined treatment of atorvastatin and insulin effectively restored renal function of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats; nevertheless, the underlying mechanism was not known. Objective: To determine whether the reno-protective effect of atorvastatin and insulin is mediated through its impact on autophagy. Materials and methods: Markers of autophagy, LC3, and p62/SQSTM1, in rat kidney tissues and cell lines treated with atorvastatin and/or insulin were determined by Western blot analysis. Results: Levels of both LC3-I and LC3-II proteins in kidney tissues of STZ-diabetic rats treated with atorvastatin and insulin were significantly increased. The autophagic flux was examined in vitro and showed that high glucose culture conditions suppressed the autophagic flux in kidney cells. Treatment with insulin moderately increased the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. Interestingly, atorvastatin increased autophagic flux only in the hyperglycemic but not in the normoglycemic condition. p62/SQSTM1 protein level was decreased in response to high glucose treatment but increased with the addition of insulin and/or atorvastatin. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that atorvastatin may represent a novel regimen in providing prevention and protection for diabetic nephropathy through the underlying mechanisms of inducing autophagy and p62/SQSTM1.
{"title":"Atorvastatin increases autophagic flux and p62/SQSTM1 of kidney cells in hyperglycemic conditions and treatment in combination with insulin improves renal function of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats","authors":"R. Cressey, Sudalak Sankunkit, Chonnipa Chaovatin, Natteewan Doungjinda, A. Lungkaphin","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.016","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although atorvastatin is commonly used as a hypolipidemic agent, it confers many health benefits in which the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We have previously shown that combined treatment of atorvastatin and insulin effectively restored renal function of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats; nevertheless, the underlying mechanism was not known. Objective: To determine whether the reno-protective effect of atorvastatin and insulin is mediated through its impact on autophagy. Materials and methods: Markers of autophagy, LC3, and p62/SQSTM1, in rat kidney tissues and cell lines treated with atorvastatin and/or insulin were determined by Western blot analysis. Results: Levels of both LC3-I and LC3-II proteins in kidney tissues of STZ-diabetic rats treated with atorvastatin and insulin were significantly increased. The autophagic flux was examined in vitro and showed that high glucose culture conditions suppressed the autophagic flux in kidney cells. Treatment with insulin moderately increased the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. Interestingly, atorvastatin increased autophagic flux only in the hyperglycemic but not in the normoglycemic condition. p62/SQSTM1 protein level was decreased in response to high glucose treatment but increased with the addition of insulin and/or atorvastatin. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that atorvastatin may represent a novel regimen in providing prevention and protection for diabetic nephropathy through the underlying mechanisms of inducing autophagy and p62/SQSTM1.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139114055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patcharanun Sutthiphan, Phuanjai Rattakorn, Supaporn Chinchai, N. Wongpakaran, S. Tanprawate, Nopdanai Sirimaharaj
Background: Older adults with mild neurocognitive disorders (mild NCD) have a higher risk of major NCD. Cognitive deterioration can cause a deficit in working memory and language. Recent studies have shown some involvement overlapping the brain structure of working memory and language skills. Therefore, working memory intervention effectively enhances language skills in mild NCD. However, more research on this topic in Thailand is required. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and implement a pilot study on a working memory program for improving language skills in older adults with mild NCD. Materials and methods: This study was a developmental research design with two phases. Phase one involved the development and examination of the content validity of the working memory program for improving language skills by five experts. Phase two involved piloting the program with three older adults with mild NCD. The participants were asked to provide suggestions about the clarity of content and images, language usage, font size, the comprehensibility of instructions in each activity, and the quality of audio files used to complement the program activities through semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the collected data. Results: The program comprised nine activities associated with the phonological loop, visual-spatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, and central executive tasks. The program’s content validity was evaluated by five experts, resulting in a content validity index of 0.94, meeting the established criteria. Among the pilot users, three participants meeting the specified criteria indicated their ability to use and practice the program at home effectively. While most participants agreed that the images were clear and the font size was appropriate, there were concerns regarding the clarity of the training process steps and instructions. Additionally, some participants encountered challenges in accessing audio files through quick response (QR) codes. Conclusion: In summary, the pilot study of the working memory program for improving language skills in older adults with mild NCD passed the content validity test and underwent revisions based on suggestions from the pilot users. Consequently, the program could enhance the language abilities of older adults with mild NCD. The next phase will investigate its effectiveness in improving language skills in older adults with mild NCD.
{"title":"Working memory program for improving language skills in older adults with mild neurocognitive disorders: A pilot study","authors":"Patcharanun Sutthiphan, Phuanjai Rattakorn, Supaporn Chinchai, N. Wongpakaran, S. Tanprawate, Nopdanai Sirimaharaj","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.013","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Older adults with mild neurocognitive disorders (mild NCD) have a higher risk of major NCD. Cognitive deterioration can cause a deficit in working memory and language. Recent studies have shown some involvement overlapping the brain structure of working memory and language skills. Therefore, working memory intervention effectively enhances language skills in mild NCD. However, more research on this topic in Thailand is required. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and implement a pilot study on a working memory program for improving language skills in older adults with mild NCD. Materials and methods: This study was a developmental research design with two phases. Phase one involved the development and examination of the content validity of the working memory program for improving language skills by five experts. Phase two involved piloting the program with three older adults with mild NCD. The participants were asked to provide suggestions about the clarity of content and images, language usage, font size, the comprehensibility of instructions in each activity, and the quality of audio files used to complement the program activities through semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the collected data. Results: The program comprised nine activities associated with the phonological loop, visual-spatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, and central executive tasks. The program’s content validity was evaluated by five experts, resulting in a content validity index of 0.94, meeting the established criteria. Among the pilot users, three participants meeting the specified criteria indicated their ability to use and practice the program at home effectively. While most participants agreed that the images were clear and the font size was appropriate, there were concerns regarding the clarity of the training process steps and instructions. Additionally, some participants encountered challenges in accessing audio files through quick response (QR) codes. Conclusion: In summary, the pilot study of the working memory program for improving language skills in older adults with mild NCD passed the content validity test and underwent revisions based on suggestions from the pilot users. Consequently, the program could enhance the language abilities of older adults with mild NCD. The next phase will investigate its effectiveness in improving language skills in older adults with mild NCD.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139114074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seethammagari Mamatha Ramani, Penchalaneni Josthna, K. R. Padma
The sixth most common recurrent malignancy worldwide is ovarian cancer in women, and it causes more women to die compared to any other issue impacting the female reproductive system. Ovarian cancer has several histological subgroups differing in clinical traits, risk factors, cell sources, molecular makeups, and treatment possibilities. There is no effective screening procedure, and it is typically discovered at a late stage. Newly found cancer is currently treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery. Due to its recurrence and late diagnosis, ovarian cancer has the highest fatality rates in contrast to all gynecological cancers. The discipline of medical nanotechnology has made great strides in recent years in resolving issues and enhancing the detection and treatment of various illnesses, including cancer. However, most studies and recent reviews on nanotechnology are devoted to how it might be utilized to treat other tumors or disorders. This review’s main objective was the precise diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer using nanoscale drug delivery systems. Various nanocarrier systems, such as dendrimers, nanoparticles, liposomes, nanocapsules, and nano micelles, have been discussed. Additionally, we explore how the potency of the combination of immunotherapy and nanotechnology may help to overcome the current therapeutic constraints connected with each application and reveal a novel paradigm in cancer therapy. The unique nanotherapeutic approaches that have demonstrated promising outcomes in preclinical in vivo research are highlighted, along with new nanoformulations actively advancing into clinical trials. Additionally, the possible use of nanomaterials in diagnostic imaging methods and the capacity to use nanotechnology for early ovarian cancer detection are also highlighted.
{"title":"Emerging updates on tracking new landscapes in nanotechnology for the diagnosis and ovarian cancer therapy","authors":"Seethammagari Mamatha Ramani, Penchalaneni Josthna, K. R. Padma","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.014","url":null,"abstract":"The sixth most common recurrent malignancy worldwide is ovarian cancer in women, and it causes more women to die compared to any other issue impacting the female reproductive system. Ovarian cancer has several histological subgroups differing in clinical traits, risk factors, cell sources, molecular makeups, and treatment possibilities. There is no effective screening procedure, and it is typically discovered at a late stage. Newly found cancer is currently treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery. Due to its recurrence and late diagnosis, ovarian cancer has the highest fatality rates in contrast to all gynecological cancers. The discipline of medical nanotechnology has made great strides in recent years in resolving issues and enhancing the detection and treatment of various illnesses, including cancer. However, most studies and recent reviews on nanotechnology are devoted to how it might be utilized to treat other tumors or disorders. This review’s main objective was the precise diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer using nanoscale drug delivery systems. Various nanocarrier systems, such as dendrimers, nanoparticles, liposomes, nanocapsules, and nano micelles, have been discussed. Additionally, we explore how the potency of the combination of immunotherapy and nanotechnology may help to overcome the current therapeutic constraints connected with each application and reveal a novel paradigm in cancer therapy. The unique nanotherapeutic approaches that have demonstrated promising outcomes in preclinical in vivo research are highlighted, along with new nanoformulations actively advancing into clinical trials. Additionally, the possible use of nanomaterials in diagnostic imaging methods and the capacity to use nanotechnology for early ovarian cancer detection are also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139114075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The number of cerebral angiography procedures is increasing, resulting in higher X-ray radiation doses received by radiologists. Consequently, understanding the radiation doses received by radiologists and the accumulation of radiation in control rooms is crucial for guiding prevention strategies against radiation hazards. Objectives: This study aimed to measure and evaluate radiation doses to the hands, lenses of the eyes, and thyroids of radiologists performing cerebral angiography procedures, as well as to measure the accumulated radiation dose in the control room. Materials and methods: OSL dosimeters were placed on the eyeglass frames, thyroids, hands, and legs of radiologists performing 20 cerebral angiography procedures, as well as on the wall and window of the control room. Results: Radiologists’ average radiation doses were measured at specific body parts as follows: left eye (49 µSv), right eye (15 µSv), left hands (34 µSv), right hands (16 µSv), left legs (27 µSv), right legs (7 µSv), and thyroid glands (14 µSv). Notably, the received doses remained well within the maximum radiation dose limit established by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). When calculating the maximum number of procedures that can be performed annually, we based it on the limit of the radiation dose that the eyes’ lenses should not exceed. Our findings revealed that the permissible number of procedures determined by the lens radiation dose limit, should not surpass 405 cases annually (equivalent to 34 cases per month). The radiation dose from therapeutic angiography procedures was discovered to be up to 5 times higher than that from diagnostic angiography procedures. The maximum accumulated radiation dose in the control room was 1.18 µSv/hr, which remained below the limit of the Department of Medical Sciences (< 3 µSv/hr). Conclusion: Radiologists receive less radiation from cerebral diagnostic angiography than therapeutic angiography. Organs on the left side were exposed to greater radiation levels than those on the right side. Wearing radiation protection devices during each procedure can reduce radiation exposure and mitigate long-term effects on radiologists. It is recommended to monitor and calculate the accumulated radiation dose of workers to ensure their exposure remains within safety limits.
{"title":"Radiation dose in radiologist from cerebral angiography using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter","authors":"Tanyawimol Somtom, Thanakorn Somboot, Panatsada Awikunprasert, Sirikarn Kittichotwarat, Puttita Damchoo, Atithep Mongkolratnan, Tanapol Dachviriyakij","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The number of cerebral angiography procedures is increasing, resulting in higher X-ray radiation doses received by radiologists. Consequently, understanding the radiation doses received by radiologists and the accumulation of radiation in control rooms is crucial for guiding prevention strategies against radiation hazards. Objectives: This study aimed to measure and evaluate radiation doses to the hands, lenses of the eyes, and thyroids of radiologists performing cerebral angiography procedures, as well as to measure the accumulated radiation dose in the control room. Materials and methods: OSL dosimeters were placed on the eyeglass frames, thyroids, hands, and legs of radiologists performing 20 cerebral angiography procedures, as well as on the wall and window of the control room. Results: Radiologists’ average radiation doses were measured at specific body parts as follows: left eye (49 µSv), right eye (15 µSv), left hands (34 µSv), right hands (16 µSv), left legs (27 µSv), right legs (7 µSv), and thyroid glands (14 µSv). Notably, the received doses remained well within the maximum radiation dose limit established by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). When calculating the maximum number of procedures that can be performed annually, we based it on the limit of the radiation dose that the eyes’ lenses should not exceed. Our findings revealed that the permissible number of procedures determined by the lens radiation dose limit, should not surpass 405 cases annually (equivalent to 34 cases per month). The radiation dose from therapeutic angiography procedures was discovered to be up to 5 times higher than that from diagnostic angiography procedures. The maximum accumulated radiation dose in the control room was 1.18 µSv/hr, which remained below the limit of the Department of Medical Sciences (< 3 µSv/hr). Conclusion: Radiologists receive less radiation from cerebral diagnostic angiography than therapeutic angiography. Organs on the left side were exposed to greater radiation levels than those on the right side. Wearing radiation protection devices during each procedure can reduce radiation exposure and mitigate long-term effects on radiologists. It is recommended to monitor and calculate the accumulated radiation dose of workers to ensure their exposure remains within safety limits.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139114100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cleft palate is a congenital disability affecting the palate’s structure and function, which may lead to delayed speech and language development and communication disorders. There is a shortage of speech therapists in Thailand. Therefore, developing a manual for speech and language treatment for the parents of children with a cleft palate would be an essential early intervention that parents could perform. Objectives: This research aimed to develop a speech and language treatment manual for parents of children with cleft palate ages 0-3 years old and evaluate the manual’s effectiveness, satisfaction, and feedback. Materials and methods: This research was divided into Phase 1, which involved developing a speech and language treatment manual for parents of children with cleft palate ages 0-3 years old and assessing its validity and reliability. Phase 2 tested the manual’s effectiveness by conducting a three-month of 16 participants, who were divided into two groups: A control group without the manual and an experimental group with the manual and phase 3 data analysis. Results: The content validity of the manual and satisfaction of the questionnaires were found to have a content validity index of 0.87 and 0.92, respectively. The total language and speech development scores before and after participating between groups found a statistically significant difference. After participating, the number of the experimental group who passed the 90th percentile of language development was higher than the control group. The language between the children and parents showed that the experimental group displayed more communication skills than the control group. Conclusion: The speech and language treatment manual for parents of children with cleft palate ages 0-3 years old could stimulate the language and speech development of the experimental group more effectively than the control group that did not receive the manual.
{"title":"The Development of manual for speech and language treatment for parents of children with cleft palate ages 0-3 years old","authors":"Pechcharat Jaiyong, Phuanjai Rattakorn, Supaporn Chinchai","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cleft palate is a congenital disability affecting the palate’s structure and function, which may lead to delayed speech and language development and communication disorders. There is a shortage of speech therapists in Thailand. Therefore, developing a manual for speech and language treatment for the parents of children with a cleft palate would be an essential early intervention that parents could perform. Objectives: This research aimed to develop a speech and language treatment manual for parents of children with cleft palate ages 0-3 years old and evaluate the manual’s effectiveness, satisfaction, and feedback. Materials and methods: This research was divided into Phase 1, which involved developing a speech and language treatment manual for parents of children with cleft palate ages 0-3 years old and assessing its validity and reliability. Phase 2 tested the manual’s effectiveness by conducting a three-month of 16 participants, who were divided into two groups: A control group without the manual and an experimental group with the manual and phase 3 data analysis. Results: The content validity of the manual and satisfaction of the questionnaires were found to have a content validity index of 0.87 and 0.92, respectively. The total language and speech development scores before and after participating between groups found a statistically significant difference. After participating, the number of the experimental group who passed the 90th percentile of language development was higher than the control group. The language between the children and parents showed that the experimental group displayed more communication skills than the control group. Conclusion: The speech and language treatment manual for parents of children with cleft palate ages 0-3 years old could stimulate the language and speech development of the experimental group more effectively than the control group that did not receive the manual.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"50 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139114174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Pootong, Priyoth Kittiteerasack, Parichart Pattarapanitchai, Sirinart Choomean
Background: Dyslipidemia is regarded as a significant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). Currently, there is limited data regarding dyslipidemia among Thai university students. Objective: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its related factors among university students in the central region of Thailand. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 434 students aged 18-25 years at Thammasat University and Kasetsart University were recruited using simple random sampling. Fasting venous blood samples were obtained, and plasma lipid profiles were assessed by an automated analyzer. Dyslipidemia was formally characterized according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP III) guidelines. Demographic information, dietary behavior, and physical activity were collected using questionnaires. Anthropometric measures were also performed according to a standard protocol. Results: The prevalence of elevated total cholesterol, high-risk HDL-C, elevated LDL-C, and elevated triglycerides was 30.4, 18.2, 20.0, and 11.8%, respectively. The most common adverse lipid parameter was total cholesterol in both genders. Obesity and high fat intake were significantly associated with dyslipidemia (p<0.05). Conclusion: This research revealed a significant occurrence of dyslipidemia, primarily driven by elevated total cholesterol, among university students in Thailand. Obesity and high fat intake are significant risk contributors to dyslipidemia. These findings emphasize the need for awareness, prevention, and management strategies targeting this population.
{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of dyslipidemia among university students in Central Thailand: a cross-sectional study","authors":"A. Pootong, Priyoth Kittiteerasack, Parichart Pattarapanitchai, Sirinart Choomean","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.018","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dyslipidemia is regarded as a significant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). Currently, there is limited data regarding dyslipidemia among Thai university students. Objective: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its related factors among university students in the central region of Thailand. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 434 students aged 18-25 years at Thammasat University and Kasetsart University were recruited using simple random sampling. Fasting venous blood samples were obtained, and plasma lipid profiles were assessed by an automated analyzer. Dyslipidemia was formally characterized according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP III) guidelines. Demographic information, dietary behavior, and physical activity were collected using questionnaires. Anthropometric measures were also performed according to a standard protocol. Results: The prevalence of elevated total cholesterol, high-risk HDL-C, elevated LDL-C, and elevated triglycerides was 30.4, 18.2, 20.0, and 11.8%, respectively. The most common adverse lipid parameter was total cholesterol in both genders. Obesity and high fat intake were significantly associated with dyslipidemia (p<0.05). Conclusion: This research revealed a significant occurrence of dyslipidemia, primarily driven by elevated total cholesterol, among university students in Thailand. Obesity and high fat intake are significant risk contributors to dyslipidemia. These findings emphasize the need for awareness, prevention, and management strategies targeting this population.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"54 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139114229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jureemas Wilaklang, Kalyanee Makarabhirom, S. Thayansin, Phurich Praneetvatakul
Background: Unilateral vocal fold mobility impairment (UVFMI) causes dysphonia and/or dysphagia, which can significantly affect a patient’s ability to communicate and perform regular daily life activities as well as the quality of life. Voice therapy offers a less invasive and more preferential method for patients. However, there are limitations concerning the integration of multiple therapy approaches. Voice therapy exercises with clear methodologies are required to plan and conduct therapy systematically, and frequency would be required for each exercise. Therefore, this study was conducted by applying the protocols of voice therapy in adult patients with unilateral vocal fold mobility impairment. Objective: This feasibility study is a prospective cohort, pre-post single arm, designed to determine whether the voice therapy protocol (VTP) can enhance voice quality in adult patients with unilateral vocal fold mobility impairment (UVFMI) in a pilot study. Materials and methods: All subjects received 12 sessions of voice therapy protocol, with each session conducted weekly for 45 minutes. The voice therapy protocol applied in this study consisted of vocal hygiene education, abdominal breathing exercises, vocal function exercises, pushing exercises, muscle relaxation exercises, and applied resonance voice therapy. The outcomes of protocols for voice therapy were measured before and after treatment using subjective voice assessments (GIRBAS scale) and objective voice assessments (Dr. Speech program and electroglottography-EGG). Results: Cases 2, 7, 10, 11, and 13 improved after receiving VTP. As for other participants, there are still some voice parameters that need to be monitored. Overall, it was found that the participants’ voice parameters were changing within the acceptable range, with MPT, jitter, shimmer, and HNR values significantly different (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the voice therapy protocol was a worthwhile alternative and could be used to develop further treatment guidelines for adult patients with UVFMI at a speech clinic.
{"title":"Efficacy of the voice therapy protocol (VTP) for adult patients with unilateral vocal fold mobility impairment; a feasibility study","authors":"Jureemas Wilaklang, Kalyanee Makarabhirom, S. Thayansin, Phurich Praneetvatakul","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Unilateral vocal fold mobility impairment (UVFMI) causes dysphonia and/or dysphagia, which can significantly affect a patient’s ability to communicate and perform regular daily life activities as well as the quality of life. Voice therapy offers a less invasive and more preferential method for patients. However, there are limitations concerning the integration of multiple therapy approaches. Voice therapy exercises with clear methodologies are required to plan and conduct therapy systematically, and frequency would be required for each exercise. Therefore, this study was conducted by applying the protocols of voice therapy in adult patients with unilateral vocal fold mobility impairment. Objective: This feasibility study is a prospective cohort, pre-post single arm, designed to determine whether the voice therapy protocol (VTP) can enhance voice quality in adult patients with unilateral vocal fold mobility impairment (UVFMI) in a pilot study. Materials and methods: All subjects received 12 sessions of voice therapy protocol, with each session conducted weekly for 45 minutes. The voice therapy protocol applied in this study consisted of vocal hygiene education, abdominal breathing exercises, vocal function exercises, pushing exercises, muscle relaxation exercises, and applied resonance voice therapy. The outcomes of protocols for voice therapy were measured before and after treatment using subjective voice assessments (GIRBAS scale) and objective voice assessments (Dr. Speech program and electroglottography-EGG). Results: Cases 2, 7, 10, 11, and 13 improved after receiving VTP. As for other participants, there are still some voice parameters that need to be monitored. Overall, it was found that the participants’ voice parameters were changing within the acceptable range, with MPT, jitter, shimmer, and HNR values significantly different (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the voice therapy protocol was a worthwhile alternative and could be used to develop further treatment guidelines for adult patients with UVFMI at a speech clinic.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139114304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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