Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-7003156
Berna Öney
Abstract:This essay explores the evolution of the constitutional debate in Turkey during the 2009–11 period in terms of political parties' strategies. It provides analytical insight via quantitative text analysis into party positions based on the four major parties' proposed constitutional drafts in 2013. The analyses reveal a path from the employment of heresthetics to hegemonic, single-party dominance: the dominant party employed the constitutional debate to manipulate the ethnic dimension by engaging in heresthetics while various political party constellations were also in play.
{"title":"Constitutional Debate in Turkey: From Dominant Party Heresthetical Strategy to Single-Party Hegemony, Quantitative Text Analyses","authors":"Berna Öney","doi":"10.1215/10474552-7003156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-7003156","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay explores the evolution of the constitutional debate in Turkey during the 2009–11 period in terms of political parties' strategies. It provides analytical insight via quantitative text analysis into party positions based on the four major parties' proposed constitutional drafts in 2013. The analyses reveal a path from the employment of heresthetics to hegemonic, single-party dominance: the dominant party employed the constitutional debate to manipulate the ethnic dimension by engaging in heresthetics while various political party constellations were also in play.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115853275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-7003180
Murat Akser
The consolidation of the Turkish media is a recent phenomenon based on the economic liberalization of the 1980s under Turgut Ozal. Conglomerates in Turkish media were created as a result of the 1980s liberalization of the economy that allowed businessmen to purchase multiple newspapers. During the 1990s, the relationship between the media bosses and politicians came under public scrutiny due to competition between different media outlets. The most notable conglomerates of the 1990s in Turkish media were Aydin Dogan, the owner of Kanal D, Hurriyet, and Milliyet dailies; Dinc Bilgin, the owner of ATV and Sabah daily; and Cem Uzan the owner of Star TV. As a former editor of Milliyet daily, Derya Sazak, commented, it was a photo in 1997 of media mogul Aydin Dogan and then prime minister Mesut Yilmaz chatting and walking on a weekend that gave the impression that media bosses can make or break governments.1 The meeting was photographed and sent to news agencies. It caused a furor over Dogan and his influence with the government. The reaction came from Islamic and opposition press that supported the recently deposed government of Necmettin Erbakan in a coalition with the centerright True Path Party of Tansu Ciller.
{"title":"News Media Consolidation and Censorship in Turkey","authors":"Murat Akser","doi":"10.1215/10474552-7003180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-7003180","url":null,"abstract":"The consolidation of the Turkish media is a recent phenomenon based on the economic liberalization of the 1980s under Turgut Ozal. Conglomerates in Turkish media were created as a result of the 1980s liberalization of the economy that allowed businessmen to purchase multiple newspapers. During the 1990s, the relationship between the media bosses and politicians came under public scrutiny due to competition between different media outlets. The most notable conglomerates of the 1990s in Turkish media were Aydin Dogan, the owner of Kanal D, Hurriyet, and Milliyet dailies; Dinc Bilgin, the owner of ATV and Sabah daily; and Cem Uzan the owner of Star TV. As a former editor of Milliyet daily, Derya Sazak, commented, it was a photo in 1997 of media mogul Aydin Dogan and then prime minister Mesut Yilmaz chatting and walking on a weekend that gave the impression that media bosses can make or break governments.1 The meeting was photographed and sent to news agencies. It caused a furor over Dogan and his influence with the government. The reaction came from Islamic and opposition press that supported the recently deposed government of Necmettin Erbakan in a coalition with the centerright True Path Party of Tansu Ciller.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125250721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-7003144
Nikos Christofis
Abstract:The essay shows how Turkey's Justice and Development Party (AKP) and, most importantly, the country's president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, use the concept of Yeni Turkiye (New Turkey) in attempts to construct a new national state tradition, a counterhegemonic narrative to replace Turkey's traditional one, Kemalism. It is argued that the AKP aims to replace Kemalism to reconstruct the imagined Turkish community anew. It is further argued that collective memory is central to AKP discourses and repertoires in the party's attempt to construct stabilized, sedimented, dominant, and durable features in this renewed process of Turkish national-identity formation and nation building.
{"title":"The AKP's \"Yeni Turkiye\": Challenging the Kemalist Narrative?","authors":"Nikos Christofis","doi":"10.1215/10474552-7003144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-7003144","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The essay shows how Turkey's Justice and Development Party (AKP) and, most importantly, the country's president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, use the concept of Yeni Turkiye (New Turkey) in attempts to construct a new national state tradition, a counterhegemonic narrative to replace Turkey's traditional one, Kemalism. It is argued that the AKP aims to replace Kemalism to reconstruct the imagined Turkish community anew. It is further argued that collective memory is central to AKP discourses and repertoires in the party's attempt to construct stabilized, sedimented, dominant, and durable features in this renewed process of Turkish national-identity formation and nation building.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132252115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-7003192
Marién Durán
Abstract:Turkey has suffered through a process of autocratization in the second decade of the twenty-first century. The political turn from a defective democracy toward a competitive authoritarian state is part of the concentration and personalization of political power in the person of Recep Tayyip Erdogan and illustrates the influence of political institutions. This situation has given rise to a "dual presidentialization," meaning a situation that has arisen from institutional changes and certain informal factors. The hypothesis is that this dual presidentialization has accelerated Turkey's movement toward autocracy via several dimensions: a greater control over the judicial branch and over public freedoms, in general, and freedom of the press, in particular.
{"title":"Dual Presidentialization and Autocratization: Turkey at a Critical Crossroads","authors":"Marién Durán","doi":"10.1215/10474552-7003192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-7003192","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Turkey has suffered through a process of autocratization in the second decade of the twenty-first century. The political turn from a defective democracy toward a competitive authoritarian state is part of the concentration and personalization of political power in the person of Recep Tayyip Erdogan and illustrates the influence of political institutions. This situation has given rise to a \"dual presidentialization,\" meaning a situation that has arisen from institutional changes and certain informal factors. The hypothesis is that this dual presidentialization has accelerated Turkey's movement toward autocracy via several dimensions: a greater control over the judicial branch and over public freedoms, in general, and freedom of the press, in particular.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131909981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-6898111
Yossef Ben‐Meir
Abstract:Morocco's approach to implementing projects that preserve its multicultural identity integrates opportunities to advance sustainable development. The strategy is to identify ways to not only preserve culturally significant locations and knowledge but to also advance livelihoods, health, and education. The restoration of the Jewish cemeteries in Morocco, and growing adjacent to them community fruit tree nurseries, provides a vivid example of this model of linking multiculturalism and sustainable development. A different example involving the restoration of the historic mellah neighborhood in Marrakech presents the need to better galvanize community participation. Project experiences in the city of Essaouira will be introduced to help further illuminate these themes. Finally, the essay provides recommendations to improve the application of Morocco's cultural-development integrated model.
{"title":"The Moroccan Approach: Integrating Cultural Preservation and Sustainable Development","authors":"Yossef Ben‐Meir","doi":"10.1215/10474552-6898111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-6898111","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Morocco's approach to implementing projects that preserve its multicultural identity integrates opportunities to advance sustainable development. The strategy is to identify ways to not only preserve culturally significant locations and knowledge but to also advance livelihoods, health, and education. The restoration of the Jewish cemeteries in Morocco, and growing adjacent to them community fruit tree nurseries, provides a vivid example of this model of linking multiculturalism and sustainable development. A different example involving the restoration of the historic mellah neighborhood in Marrakech presents the need to better galvanize community participation. Project experiences in the city of Essaouira will be introduced to help further illuminate these themes. Finally, the essay provides recommendations to improve the application of Morocco's cultural-development integrated model.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120985641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-6898075
Kadir Akyuz, S. Hess
Abstract:This essay examines the impact of Turkey's growing international links to China, Russia, and other non-Western powers on democratic backsliding by the administration of Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The essay finds that China's and Russia's growing engagement with Turkey since the middle of the first decade of the 2000s, coupled with Turkey's stalled bid for European Union membership, played an important role in deleveraging Western democratizing influence on Turkey. This shift in the international balance opened a window of opportunity for the Erdogan administration to engage in backsliding activities and proved to be a more significant driver for backsliding than other common predictors.
{"title":"Turkey Looks East: International Leverage and Democratic Backsliding in a Hybrid Regime","authors":"Kadir Akyuz, S. Hess","doi":"10.1215/10474552-6898075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-6898075","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay examines the impact of Turkey's growing international links to China, Russia, and other non-Western powers on democratic backsliding by the administration of Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The essay finds that China's and Russia's growing engagement with Turkey since the middle of the first decade of the 2000s, coupled with Turkey's stalled bid for European Union membership, played an important role in deleveraging Western democratizing influence on Turkey. This shift in the international balance opened a window of opportunity for the Erdogan administration to engage in backsliding activities and proved to be a more significant driver for backsliding than other common predictors.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115410799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay analyses the role of public opinion in the formation of US and Turkish policy toward the conflict in Syria. The United States and Turkey were chosen because they are key players in the Syrian conflict. In both countries, public opinion played a role in the formation of foreign policy. As North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies, they could be expected to act along similar lines. Moreover, despite seemingly different contexts, public opinion in both the United States and Turkey was reluctant to support a more intense involvement in the Syrian conflict. However, there was a visible shift in public opinion after the involvement in Syria started to be framed as a fight against terrorism, mostly referring to the so-called Islamic State and, in Turkey's case, Kurdish groups.
{"title":"Public Opinion and the Fear of Terrorism: Turkish and US Involvement in the Syrian Conflict","authors":"Aneta Hlavsová, Kristýna Tamchynová, Radka Havlová","doi":"10.1215/10474552-6898087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-6898087","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay analyses the role of public opinion in the formation of US and Turkish policy toward the conflict in Syria. The United States and Turkey were chosen because they are key players in the Syrian conflict. In both countries, public opinion played a role in the formation of foreign policy. As North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies, they could be expected to act along similar lines. Moreover, despite seemingly different contexts, public opinion in both the United States and Turkey was reluctant to support a more intense involvement in the Syrian conflict. However, there was a visible shift in public opinion after the involvement in Syria started to be framed as a fight against terrorism, mostly referring to the so-called Islamic State and, in Turkey's case, Kurdish groups.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130152267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-6898135
C. Pagedas
{"title":"Sunrise, Sunset: An Immigrant's American Odyssey by Louis G. Sarris (review)","authors":"C. Pagedas","doi":"10.1215/10474552-6898135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-6898135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127862552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-6898123
Van Coufoudakis
Stan Draenos is well known to anyone who has an interest in post – World War II Greek politics. His work in Athens included service as historian at the Andreas Papandreou Foundation. His earlier book, Andreas Papandreou: The Making of a Greek Democrat and Political Maverick (I. B. Tauris, 2012) provided a balanced analysis of Andreas’s leap into Greek politics after two decades in American academia and association with the American liberal political establishment. That volume ended with the 1967 coup in Athens and Andreas’s arrest by the Greek Junta. The discussion in the book under review ends late in 1969, although the epilogue looks ahead well into 1974. The book is short but insightful. It is written in Greek, which limits its readership, and is part of a series published in Athens on the fiftieth anniversary of the 1967 coup. It is likely to become the preamble and foundation of Draenos’s planned second volume on Andreas. While most books on Andreas offer either passionate accounts or condemnations of the man and his career, Draenos’s work is distinguished by balanced perspectives derived from archival sources and wideranging research. Various documents and letters are also included in this volume. The book focuses on the political shifts and compromises Andreas made during his traumatic experience in jail and his eventual exile. Developments in Greece are examined in the context of the troubled US politics of the period. The Vietnam War and events surrounding the election of Richard Nixon in 1968 are examined for their effects on US relations with Western Europe and the intensifying EastWest confrontation. The volume examines various unknown and inad-
对二战后希腊政治感兴趣的人都知道斯坦·德拉诺斯。他在雅典的工作包括在安德烈亚斯·帕潘德里欧基金会担任历史学家。他的早期著作《安德烈亚斯·帕潘德里欧:一个希腊民主党人和政治特立独行者的形成》(I. B. Tauris, 2012)对安德烈亚斯在美国学术界和与美国自由主义政治机构交往20年后跨入希腊政治进行了平衡的分析。这本书以1967年雅典政变和安德烈亚斯被希腊军政府逮捕而告终。这本书的讨论结束于1969年底，尽管后记展望了1974年。这本书篇幅短，但见解深刻。它是用希腊文写的，这限制了它的读者群，是1967年政变五十周年之际在雅典出版的系列丛书的一部分。它很可能成为德拉诺斯计划的关于安德里亚斯的第二卷的序言和基础。虽然大多数关于安德烈亚斯的书要么充满激情地描述，要么谴责他和他的职业生涯，但德拉诺斯的作品以从档案资料和广泛研究中得出的平衡观点而著称。各种文件和信件也包括在这一卷。这本书主要讲述了安德烈亚斯在监狱的痛苦经历和最终的流放中所做出的政治转变和妥协。希腊的事态发展是在当时陷入困境的美国政治背景下进行研究的。本书考察了越南战争和1968年理查德·尼克松(Richard Nixon)当选美国总统前后发生的事件对美国与西欧关系以及东西方对峙加剧的影响。该卷检查各种未知和inad-
{"title":"Andreas in Jail and in Exile: Junta, Resistance, Americans, Karamanlis by Stan Draenos (review)","authors":"Van Coufoudakis","doi":"10.1215/10474552-6898123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-6898123","url":null,"abstract":"Stan Draenos is well known to anyone who has an interest in post – World War II Greek politics. His work in Athens included service as historian at the Andreas Papandreou Foundation. His earlier book, Andreas Papandreou: The Making of a Greek Democrat and Political Maverick (I. B. Tauris, 2012) provided a balanced analysis of Andreas’s leap into Greek politics after two decades in American academia and association with the American liberal political establishment. That volume ended with the 1967 coup in Athens and Andreas’s arrest by the Greek Junta. The discussion in the book under review ends late in 1969, although the epilogue looks ahead well into 1974. The book is short but insightful. It is written in Greek, which limits its readership, and is part of a series published in Athens on the fiftieth anniversary of the 1967 coup. It is likely to become the preamble and foundation of Draenos’s planned second volume on Andreas. While most books on Andreas offer either passionate accounts or condemnations of the man and his career, Draenos’s work is distinguished by balanced perspectives derived from archival sources and wideranging research. Various documents and letters are also included in this volume. The book focuses on the political shifts and compromises Andreas made during his traumatic experience in jail and his eventual exile. Developments in Greece are examined in the context of the troubled US politics of the period. The Vietnam War and events surrounding the election of Richard Nixon in 1968 are examined for their effects on US relations with Western Europe and the intensifying EastWest confrontation. The volume examines various unknown and inad-","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130976263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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