Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-3882797
Michael B. Bishku
Ukraine is a country with close ethnic and historical ties to Russia, although it seeks to limit the political and economic influence of its more powerful neighbor. Therefore, since independence Ukraine has attempted to diversify its international relations as much as possible and to seek support for its territorial integrity. In the long run, it regards its political and economic futures as connected with the West. Meanwhile, the Middle East offers an alternative to mitigate pressure from Russia and to develop mutually beneficial relations with Turkey and Israel, with whom there are strong historical and cultural connections that offer some promise.
{"title":"Ukraine and the Middle East","authors":"Michael B. Bishku","doi":"10.1215/10474552-3882797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-3882797","url":null,"abstract":"Ukraine is a country with close ethnic and historical ties to Russia, although it seeks to limit the political and economic influence of its more powerful neighbor. Therefore, since independence Ukraine has attempted to diversify its international relations as much as possible and to seek support for its territorial integrity. In the long run, it regards its political and economic futures as connected with the West. Meanwhile, the Middle East offers an alternative to mitigate pressure from Russia and to develop mutually beneficial relations with Turkey and Israel, with whom there are strong historical and cultural connections that offer some promise.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127672726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-3817299
S. Stavridis
The theory and practice of diplomacy has evolved greatly over the past few decades. Parliamentary diplomacy has become common practice, although there is an academic gap in its study, especially in the case of France. This essay aims to filling that gap: it shows how French parliamentarians have been active in foreign policy. First, they used the new concept of “responsibility to protect„ (R2P) in 2011 over Libya. Then, in the case of Syria, their main focus was on reacting to the 2013 use of chemical weapons by the Bashar al-Assad regime. Later still, after several Daesh terrorist attacks in Paris, they moved on to emphasize the right of “self-defense.”
{"title":"The French Parliament and the Conflicts in Libya and Syria","authors":"S. Stavridis","doi":"10.1215/10474552-3817299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-3817299","url":null,"abstract":"The theory and practice of diplomacy has evolved greatly over the past few decades. Parliamentary diplomacy has become common practice, although there is an academic gap in its study, especially in the case of France. This essay aims to filling that gap: it shows how French parliamentarians have been active in foreign policy. First, they used the new concept of “responsibility to protect„ (R2P) in 2011 over Libya. Then, in the case of Syria, their main focus was on reacting to the 2013 use of chemical weapons by the Bashar al-Assad regime. Later still, after several Daesh terrorist attacks in Paris, they moved on to emphasize the right of “self-defense.”","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114560179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-3817332
V. Scotti
After the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009, and thanks to the better definition of the actors involved in external relations it provided, the European Parliament (EP) has acquired a greater role in European Union’s (EU’s) foreign policy and increased its ability to deal with countries outside the EU using existing interparliamentary meetings. This evolution of the EP has occurred while other important and related developments were taking place: the emergence of a global terrorist threat and the so-called Arab Spring, which has spanned most Arab countries since 2011. This essay aims at understanding how the EP’s diplomacy reacted to the challenge of balancing the promotion of EU values with the need for cooperation for security and stability. It uses as a case study the EP’s relations with southern Mediterranean countries (SMCs). First, a general overview of the counterterrorist activities laid down by the EP toward SMCs is provided. Then the essay focuses on the activity of EP’s delegations with the Maghreb and the Mashreq, with reference to cooperation on counterterrorism with Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. Finally, concluding remarks compare the general EU approach to counterterrorism in SMCs with that of the EP, discussing some existing criticisms and highlighting that the EP proved to be a coherent actor toward SMCs.
{"title":"The European Parliament and Counterterrorism in the Euro-Mediterranean Area","authors":"V. Scotti","doi":"10.1215/10474552-3817332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-3817332","url":null,"abstract":"After the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009, and thanks to the better definition of the actors involved in external relations it provided, the European Parliament (EP) has acquired a greater role in European Union’s (EU’s) foreign policy and increased its ability to deal with countries outside the EU using existing interparliamentary meetings. This evolution of the EP has occurred while other important and related developments were taking place: the emergence of a global terrorist threat and the so-called Arab Spring, which has spanned most Arab countries since 2011. This essay aims at understanding how the EP’s diplomacy reacted to the challenge of balancing the promotion of EU values with the need for cooperation for security and stability. It uses as a case study the EP’s relations with southern Mediterranean countries (SMCs). First, a general overview of the counterterrorist activities laid down by the EP toward SMCs is provided. Then the essay focuses on the activity of EP’s delegations with the Maghreb and the Mashreq, with reference to cooperation on counterterrorism with Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. Finally, concluding remarks compare the general EU approach to counterterrorism in SMCs with that of the EP, discussing some existing criticisms and highlighting that the EP proved to be a coherent actor toward SMCs.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125383975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-3817376
S. Schindler
{"title":"Doomed to Succeed: The U.S.-Israel Relationship from Truman to Obama by Dennis Ross (review)","authors":"S. Schindler","doi":"10.1215/10474552-3817376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-3817376","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127554627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-3817310
Z. Šabič, Ana Bojinović Fenko, Petra Roter
Abstract:The essay contributes to the scholarship on parliamentary diplomacy in the Mediterranean region through the lens of a small state: Slovenia. We argue that, because of limited resources, small states need to diversify their means of foreign policy to make their voices heard. Parliamentary diplomacy is a useful tool for representing Slovenian positions abroad. It enables focus on selected issues on the international agenda chosen together with the government and establishes continuous expert knowledge at the senior levels of parliament. However, it also exposes a small state’s limited capability to provide support for the parliament’s external relations. With specific reference to the Mediterranean, we find that there is considerable room for improvement, even with some evident obstacles, such as the lack of continuity in parliamentary representation.
{"title":"Small States and Parliamentary Diplomacy: Slovenia and the Mediterranean","authors":"Z. Šabič, Ana Bojinović Fenko, Petra Roter","doi":"10.1215/10474552-3817310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-3817310","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The essay contributes to the scholarship on parliamentary diplomacy in the Mediterranean region through the lens of a small state: Slovenia. We argue that, because of limited resources, small states need to diversify their means of foreign policy to make their voices heard. Parliamentary diplomacy is a useful tool for representing Slovenian positions abroad. It enables focus on selected issues on the international agenda chosen together with the government and establishes continuous expert knowledge at the senior levels of parliament. However, it also exposes a small state’s limited capability to provide support for the parliament’s external relations. With specific reference to the Mediterranean, we find that there is considerable room for improvement, even with some evident obstacles, such as the lack of continuity in parliamentary representation.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123671254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-3817288
S. Stavridis
Abstract:Following the end of the Cold War and the appearance of globalization and new forms of regionalization, new actors have emerged in world politics and changed the traditional practice of diplomacy. New forms of diplomacy range from economic diplomacy to paradiplomacy, cultural diplomacy, or even celebrity diplomacy. Parliamentary diplomacy has also developed its influence in this new world, and there is now a clear “parliamentarization” of world politics. This phenomenon resulted from democratization, globalization, regionalization, and technological developments. There are now three different perspectives on diplomacy: statist (the state speaks with one voice), globalist (the growth of nonstate diplomacy), and postglobalist (combining both state-centric and multicentric realities). This essay falls clearly within the last of these three possibilities. It focuses on the growth of parliamentary diplomacy in the Mediterranean Basin.
{"title":"Introduction: Mapping the Complex Parliamentary Field of the Mediterranean—How Many Actors?","authors":"S. Stavridis","doi":"10.1215/10474552-3817288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-3817288","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Following the end of the Cold War and the appearance of globalization and new forms of regionalization, new actors have emerged in world politics and changed the traditional practice of diplomacy. New forms of diplomacy range from economic diplomacy to paradiplomacy, cultural diplomacy, or even celebrity diplomacy. Parliamentary diplomacy has also developed its influence in this new world, and there is now a clear “parliamentarization” of world politics. This phenomenon resulted from democratization, globalization, regionalization, and technological developments. There are now three different perspectives on diplomacy: statist (the state speaks with one voice), globalist (the growth of nonstate diplomacy), and postglobalist (combining both state-centric and multicentric realities). This essay falls clearly within the last of these three possibilities. It focuses on the growth of parliamentary diplomacy in the Mediterranean Basin.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124190605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-3817365
C. Danopoulos
In 2009, Greece was hit by a devastating sovereign debt crisis that forced the country to seek help from the European Union and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The agreement (also known widely as the memorandum) signed in May 2010 provided an emergency loan to the country in exchange for deep austerity measures that included sharp tax increases, deep salary and pension cuts, and reductions in government spending. This drew enormous attention by the news media and the scholarly community. A plethora of publications have identified and analyzed the causes and consequences of the Greek crisis. More recently, works from insiders (or people with close connections to insiders) have made their appearance, aiming to provide the reader with more intimate and eyewitness perspectives of what went wrong and how Greece came to the brink of economic catastrophe and exit from the eurozone, a phenomenon known as Grexit. Among the recent publications is Welcome to the Poisoned Chalice, the work of American economist James K. Galbraith, who served as unofficial advisor to Yanis Varoufakis, finance minister in the first SYRIZA cabinet (January to July 2015). In this collection of speeches and essays, Galbraith counsels the leftist government to abandon the euro and return to the national currency, the drachma. Another book in this line is And the Weak Must Suffer What They Must? by the mercurial former finance minister himself. Like some others, Varoufakis attempts to make the case that the severity of the memorandum with the socalled troika (Central European Bank, the EU, and the IMF) would not solve the country’s financial problems and, instead, would lead to chronic economic decay and impoverishment. Varoufakis has promised a sequel, scheduled to
2009年，希腊遭受了一场毁灭性的主权债务危机，迫使该国向欧盟和国际货币基金组织(IMF)寻求帮助。2010年5月签署的协议(也被广泛称为备忘录)为希腊提供了一笔紧急贷款，作为交换，希腊将采取深度紧缩措施，包括大幅增税、大幅削减工资和养老金，以及削减政府支出。这引起了新闻媒体和学术界的极大关注。大量的出版物已经确定并分析了希腊危机的原因和后果。最近，内部人(或与内部人关系密切的人)的作品问世，旨在为读者提供更亲密的、亲临现场的视角，了解出了什么问题，以及希腊是如何走到经济灾难的边缘并退出欧元区的，这种现象被称为“希腊退欧”(Grexit)。最近的出版物包括美国经济学家詹姆斯·k·加尔布雷斯(James K. Galbraith)的著作《欢迎来到有毒的圣杯》(Welcome to the Poisoned Chalice)，他曾担任激进左翼联盟第一届内阁(2015年1月至7月)财政部长亚尼斯·瓦鲁法基斯(Yanis Varoufakis)的非官方顾问。在这本演讲和文集中，加尔布雷斯建议左翼政府放弃欧元，重新使用本国货币德拉克马。这方面的另一本书是《弱者必须承受他们必须承受的?》由善变的前财政部长本人。和其他一些人一样，瓦鲁法基斯试图证明，与所谓的三驾马车(欧洲央行、欧盟和国际货币基金组织)签署的备忘录的严肃性不会解决希腊的金融问题，反而会导致长期的经济衰退和贫困。瓦鲁法基斯承诺要拍续集
{"title":"Game Over: The Inside Story of the Greek Crisis by George Papaconstantinou (review)","authors":"C. Danopoulos","doi":"10.1215/10474552-3817365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-3817365","url":null,"abstract":"In 2009, Greece was hit by a devastating sovereign debt crisis that forced the country to seek help from the European Union and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The agreement (also known widely as the memorandum) signed in May 2010 provided an emergency loan to the country in exchange for deep austerity measures that included sharp tax increases, deep salary and pension cuts, and reductions in government spending. This drew enormous attention by the news media and the scholarly community. A plethora of publications have identified and analyzed the causes and consequences of the Greek crisis. More recently, works from insiders (or people with close connections to insiders) have made their appearance, aiming to provide the reader with more intimate and eyewitness perspectives of what went wrong and how Greece came to the brink of economic catastrophe and exit from the eurozone, a phenomenon known as Grexit. Among the recent publications is Welcome to the Poisoned Chalice, the work of American economist James K. Galbraith, who served as unofficial advisor to Yanis Varoufakis, finance minister in the first SYRIZA cabinet (January to July 2015). In this collection of speeches and essays, Galbraith counsels the leftist government to abandon the euro and return to the national currency, the drachma. Another book in this line is And the Weak Must Suffer What They Must? by the mercurial former finance minister himself. Like some others, Varoufakis attempts to make the case that the severity of the memorandum with the socalled troika (Central European Bank, the EU, and the IMF) would not solve the country’s financial problems and, instead, would lead to chronic economic decay and impoverishment. Varoufakis has promised a sequel, scheduled to","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128560724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-3817277
C. Pagedas
{"title":"Preface to the Special Issue","authors":"C. Pagedas","doi":"10.1215/10474552-3817277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-3817277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116784712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-3817343
Andrea Cofelice
Abstract:The literature includes numerous analyses of the role played by regional organizations during the Arab Spring. However, the emerging role played by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean (PAM), as the only truly intraregional pan-Mediterranean institution, has not been sufficiently explored. This essay helps fill this gap by assessing the parliamentary diplomacy activities performed by PAM vis-à-vis the Arab Spring countries between 2011 and 2016. A comparative perspective is adopted, using the literature on the European Parliament (EP) as the point of reference. This approach allows one to grasp how the EP and PAM have reacted to common problems and challenges affecting the Mediterranean and identifies possible overlaps and divisions of labor between the two international parliamentary institutions.
{"title":"Parliamentary Diplomacy and the Arab Spring: Evidence from the Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean and the European Parliament","authors":"Andrea Cofelice","doi":"10.1215/10474552-3817343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-3817343","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The literature includes numerous analyses of the role played by regional organizations during the Arab Spring. However, the emerging role played by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean (PAM), as the only truly intraregional pan-Mediterranean institution, has not been sufficiently explored. This essay helps fill this gap by assessing the parliamentary diplomacy activities performed by PAM vis-à-vis the Arab Spring countries between 2011 and 2016. A comparative perspective is adopted, using the literature on the European Parliament (EP) as the point of reference. This approach allows one to grasp how the EP and PAM have reacted to common problems and challenges affecting the Mediterranean and identifies possible overlaps and divisions of labor between the two international parliamentary institutions.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131654720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1215/10474552-3817354
Laura Feliu, F. Serra
This essay analyzes the diplomacy of the Parliament of Catalonia in the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, Spain, toward the Mediterranean region. In recent years, the academic literature has shown increased interest in the wide range of international activities undertaken by members of parliaments at the subnational level. Yet the academic study on diplomacy of the Parliament of Catalonia remains limited. Because there is a well-rooted tradition of foreign activity in the Catalan political culture, the Parliament of Catalonia has been working consistently in the international sphere. The Mediterranean dimension illustrates the strengths and the weaknesses of such activities.
{"title":"Catalan Parliamentary Diplomacy toward the Mediterranean","authors":"Laura Feliu, F. Serra","doi":"10.1215/10474552-3817354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-3817354","url":null,"abstract":"This essay analyzes the diplomacy of the Parliament of Catalonia in the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, Spain, toward the Mediterranean region. In recent years, the academic literature has shown increased interest in the wide range of international activities undertaken by members of parliaments at the subnational level. Yet the academic study on diplomacy of the Parliament of Catalonia remains limited. Because there is a well-rooted tradition of foreign activity in the Catalan political culture, the Parliament of Catalonia has been working consistently in the international sphere. The Mediterranean dimension illustrates the strengths and the weaknesses of such activities.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114320301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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