Sociolinguists (Holmes 2008; Meyerhof 2006) assists to describe the Japanese language a having gender exclusive elements. Personal pronouns, sentence-ending particles and lexicon used exclusively by one gender have been cataloged in English by researchers such as Ide (1979), Shibamoto (1985) and McGloin (1991). While there has been some research showing that Japanese women’s language use today is much more diverse than these earlier descriptions suggested (e.g. studies in Okamoto and Smith 2004) and that some young Japanese girls use masculine pronouns to refer to themselves (Miyazaki 2010), prescriptive rules for Japanese use still maintain gender-exclusive elements. In addition, characters in movie and TV dramas not only adhere to but also popularize these norms (Nakamura 2012). Thus, Japanese etiquette and media ‘texts’ promote the perpetuation of gender-exclusive language use, particularly by females. However, in the past three decades, Japanese society has made significant shifts towards gender equality in legal code, the workplace and education. The researcher therefore decided to investigate how Japanese women use and view their language in the context of these changes. Data comes from three focus groups. The first was conducted in 2013 and was composed of older women members of a university human rights research group focused on gender issues. The other two were conducted in 2013 and 2019, and were composed of female university students who went through the Japanese school system after the Japan Teachers’ Union adopted a policy of gender equality, thus expressing interest in gender issues. The goal was to determine whether Japanese women’s language use is shifting over time. The participants’ feelings about these norms were also explored - especially whether or not they feel that the norms constrain their ability to express themselves fully. Although the new norms are not yet evident in most public contexts, the language use and views of the participants in this study represent the sub-text of this shift in Japanese usage.
{"title":"The Shifting Sub-Text of Japanese Gendered Language","authors":"M. Noguchi","doi":"10.47298/CALA2020.12-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/CALA2020.12-2","url":null,"abstract":"Sociolinguists (Holmes 2008; Meyerhof 2006) assists to describe the Japanese language a having gender exclusive elements. Personal pronouns, sentence-ending particles and lexicon used exclusively by one gender have been cataloged in English by researchers such as Ide (1979), Shibamoto (1985) and McGloin (1991). While there has been some research showing that Japanese women’s language use today is much more diverse than these earlier descriptions suggested (e.g. studies in Okamoto and Smith 2004) and that some young Japanese girls use masculine pronouns to refer to themselves (Miyazaki 2010), prescriptive rules for Japanese use still maintain gender-exclusive elements. In addition, characters in movie and TV dramas not only adhere to but also popularize these norms (Nakamura 2012). Thus, Japanese etiquette and media ‘texts’ promote the perpetuation of gender-exclusive language use, particularly by females. However, in the past three decades, Japanese society has made significant shifts towards gender equality in legal code, the workplace and education. The researcher therefore decided to investigate how Japanese women use and view their language in the context of these changes. Data comes from three focus groups. The first was conducted in 2013 and was composed of older women members of a university human rights research group focused on gender issues. The other two were conducted in 2013 and 2019, and were composed of female university students who went through the Japanese school system after the Japan Teachers’ Union adopted a policy of gender equality, thus expressing interest in gender issues. The goal was to determine whether Japanese women’s language use is shifting over time. The participants’ feelings about these norms were also explored - especially whether or not they feel that the norms constrain their ability to express themselves fully. Although the new norms are not yet evident in most public contexts, the language use and views of the participants in this study represent the sub-text of this shift in Japanese usage.","PeriodicalId":299124,"journal":{"name":"The GLOCAL in Asia 2020","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130319717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growth of the globalization of brands in international markets has led to the inevitable importance of advertisement and hence to scholarship on advertisement, such as with methods of metadiscourse. This descriptive qualitative study was aimed at determining interpersonal metadiscourse markers used in eight advertisements of Indonesian cosmetic products using English in the construction of beauty within contemporary Indonesian contexts. The results evidence an emerging new terminology in defining and classifying the types of beauty as a social construct presented in product advertisements. Employing a discourse analysis and Hylans’s emphatic personal metadiscourse marker adjectives, it was found that the advertising makers have used adjectives to describe nouns in the advertising texts due to their persuasive meanings, namely those of aesthetic adjectives. The adjectives found in the data belong to several categories, i.e. evaluativity, dimensionality (unidimensional and multidimensional), and measurability. All of these adjectives have constructed the concept of green beauty, healthy beauty, modern beauty, religious beauty and aesthetic beauty. This study is expected to contribute to the development of language and media studies, and to enrich media studies, especially those that can enhance the strategies used by advertising agencies to choose the most effective kind of language in their advertisements.
{"title":"English Adjectives in Indonesian Cosmetic Advertisement: A Study of Emphatic Personal Metadiscourse Markers","authors":"N. Kurniasih, I. Nurhayati, P. Lestari","doi":"10.47298/CALA2020.12-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/CALA2020.12-1","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of the globalization of brands in international markets has led to the inevitable importance of advertisement and hence to scholarship on advertisement, such as with methods of metadiscourse. This descriptive qualitative study was aimed at determining interpersonal metadiscourse markers used in eight advertisements of Indonesian cosmetic products using English in the construction of beauty within contemporary Indonesian contexts. The results evidence an emerging new terminology in defining and classifying the types of beauty as a social construct presented in product advertisements. Employing a discourse analysis and Hylans’s emphatic personal metadiscourse marker adjectives, it was found that the advertising makers have used adjectives to describe nouns in the advertising texts due to their persuasive meanings, namely those of aesthetic adjectives. The adjectives found in the data belong to several categories, i.e. evaluativity, dimensionality (unidimensional and multidimensional), and measurability. All of these adjectives have constructed the concept of green beauty, healthy beauty, modern beauty, religious beauty and aesthetic beauty. This study is expected to contribute to the development of language and media studies, and to enrich media studies, especially those that can enhance the strategies used by advertising agencies to choose the most effective kind of language in their advertisements.","PeriodicalId":299124,"journal":{"name":"The GLOCAL in Asia 2020","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133834450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Santa (Dunxian) Mongolian cotnains a form called shi emanating from the copula ‘是 (shiP4P)’ of Chinese. In previous research, this form is known as a borrowed form that can occur with the indigenous copula wo., However, shi has been variously described as a ‘copula’ (刘 1981; Kim 2003; Napoli 2004), ‘copula verb’ (Field 1997), and a ‘postposition to show presentation’ (布和等编1986). As yet, there has not been a unified description of the actual function of shi. In this presentation, I pay attention to topicality after having analyzed the environment and the meaning of shi. First, regarding the environment, I pay attention to the elements preceding shi. From the analysis of the type of noun phrases that appear before shi and noun phrases that do not appear, I show that more definite noun phrases such as personal pronouns and demonstrative pronouns do appear, while less definite noun phrases such as interrogatives do not appear. Secondly, regarding the meaning function, I pay attention to examples frequently using shi. From the analysis of these examples, I show that shi has functions such as presenting a condition. Finally, regarding topicality, I contrast the topicality of Santa Mongolian shi with that of the Chinese 是, the original language of borrowing, and the Japanese wa, which is known as a topic marker. With this in mind, I conclude that the shi from Santa Mongolian should be analyzed as a topic marker and not as a copula.
{"title":"Topicality of the ‘Copula. form Shi in Santa Mongolian","authors":"Aoi Geka","doi":"10.47298/CALA2020.3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/CALA2020.3-2","url":null,"abstract":"Santa (Dunxian) Mongolian cotnains a form called shi emanating from the copula ‘是 (shiP4P)’ of Chinese. In previous research, this form is known as a borrowed form that can occur with the indigenous copula wo., However, shi has been variously described as a ‘copula’ (刘 1981; Kim 2003; Napoli 2004), ‘copula verb’ (Field 1997), and a ‘postposition to show presentation’ (布和等编1986). As yet, there has not been a unified description of the actual function of shi. In this presentation, I pay attention to topicality after having analyzed the environment and the meaning of shi. First, regarding the environment, I pay attention to the elements preceding shi. From the analysis of the type of noun phrases that appear before shi and noun phrases that do not appear, I show that more definite noun phrases such as personal pronouns and demonstrative pronouns do appear, while less definite noun phrases such as interrogatives do not appear. Secondly, regarding the meaning function, I pay attention to examples frequently using shi. From the analysis of these examples, I show that shi has functions such as presenting a condition. Finally, regarding topicality, I contrast the topicality of Santa Mongolian shi with that of the Chinese 是, the original language of borrowing, and the Japanese wa, which is known as a topic marker. With this in mind, I conclude that the shi from Santa Mongolian should be analyzed as a topic marker and not as a copula.","PeriodicalId":299124,"journal":{"name":"The GLOCAL in Asia 2020","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116903060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sound notation of sinographs has been a problem since the sinographs were in use. For a long time there was no appropriate method to indicate the pronunciation of sinographs to learners. With the design of different methods of sinograph sound notation, such as Direct Notation, Fan-qie, the National Sound Notation Alphabet, the Scheme of the Chinese Phonemic Alphabet, the analysis of the Chinese word syllable has developed, with an increasingly delicated segmentation in the Chinese syllable. The latter three methods, which cut the Chinese word syllable into two, three and four parts respectively, have been designed under the influence of foreign linguistics scholarship. Communications between China and India and European countries have been an impetus for the progress in Chinese syllabic analysis.
{"title":"On the Progress of Phonemic Analysis of Chinese Word Syllables","authors":"Qing Wang","doi":"10.47298/CALA2020.3-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/CALA2020.3-6","url":null,"abstract":"Sound notation of sinographs has been a problem since the sinographs were in use. For a long time there was no appropriate method to indicate the pronunciation of sinographs to learners. With the design of different methods of sinograph sound notation, such as Direct Notation, Fan-qie, the National Sound Notation Alphabet, the Scheme of the Chinese Phonemic Alphabet, the analysis of the Chinese word syllable has developed, with an increasingly delicated segmentation in the Chinese syllable. The latter three methods, which cut the Chinese word syllable into two, three and four parts respectively, have been designed under the influence of foreign linguistics scholarship. Communications between China and India and European countries have been an impetus for the progress in Chinese syllabic analysis.","PeriodicalId":299124,"journal":{"name":"The GLOCAL in Asia 2020","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116552696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pottery is seen as creation of ornamentals, cooking and storing materials. Yet, while economic gains are often considered from producing these materials, the artistic and linguistic aspects have been ignored. This study discusses the factors influencing the culture of pottery, the processes of pottery making, and seeks to uncover the language used in processes of pottery making in Bari, Sibalom, Antique. A qualitative research employing ethnographic study with participant observation and face to face interviews using photo documentation, video recording and open-ended questions in gathering the data was employed. There were five manugdihon, or potters, purposively selected as key informants of the study. The study revealed that environmental factors influenced the culture of pottery making in the barangay. There were seven main processes in pottery making. These included gathering and preparing of materials, mixing the needed materials, cleaning the mixed clay, forming of desired shape, detaching, drying, and polishing and varnishing. Further findings indicate that, together the other processes, the language used in poterry making was archaic Kinaray-a, the language of the province. This language pattern suggests a specialized pottery making. Ultimately, the study suggest that the manugdihon should continue their artistic talents so that the language may be preserved. The educational institutions of the province may provide ways to include pottery making in the curriculum so that the art and language of pottery making will be preserved and promoted.
{"title":"Pagdihon: The Art and Language of Pottery Making in Bari, Sibalom, Antique","authors":"Edbert Jay M. Cabrillos, Rowena S. Cabrillos","doi":"10.47298/CALA2020.8-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/CALA2020.8-1","url":null,"abstract":"Pottery is seen as creation of ornamentals, cooking and storing materials. Yet, while economic gains are often considered from producing these materials, the artistic and linguistic aspects have been ignored. This study discusses the factors influencing the culture of pottery, the processes of pottery making, and seeks to uncover the language used in processes of pottery making in Bari, Sibalom, Antique. A qualitative research employing ethnographic study with participant observation and face to face interviews using photo documentation, video recording and open-ended questions in gathering the data was employed. There were five manugdihon, or potters, purposively selected as key informants of the study. The study revealed that environmental factors influenced the culture of pottery making in the barangay. There were seven main processes in pottery making. These included gathering and preparing of materials, mixing the needed materials, cleaning the mixed clay, forming of desired shape, detaching, drying, and polishing and varnishing. Further findings indicate that, together the other processes, the language used in poterry making was archaic Kinaray-a, the language of the province. This language pattern suggests a specialized pottery making. Ultimately, the study suggest that the manugdihon should continue their artistic talents so that the language may be preserved. The educational institutions of the province may provide ways to include pottery making in the curriculum so that the art and language of pottery making will be preserved and promoted.","PeriodicalId":299124,"journal":{"name":"The GLOCAL in Asia 2020","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116380585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research is a comparative study of Japanese language communication between the Japanese and Malay tourist guides during tourism tour sessions. The research goal is to examine patterns of compliment strategies implemented throughout the interactions of the tour sessions. The study results acquired are in the form of four recordings of a dialogue between the tourist guides and the tourists, in audio and video modes. The conversations are transcribed and coded. The tour guides included two Japanese native speakers and two Malaysian-Japanese speakers. In contrast, the tourists are Japanese native speakers who visited Malaysia, and Malaysians who attended the tourist attractions in Japan. The study reveals that the frequency of compliments applied by both Japanese and Malaysian tour guides are alike, or in other words, there are no significant differences. Nevertheless, category, function and topic or theme of compliment utterance present ssubstantial distinction.
{"title":"Compliment Strategies Employed by Japanese and Malaysian Tour Guides during Tour Sessions","authors":"Roswati Abdul Rashid, Roslina Mamat, Rokiah Paee","doi":"10.47298/CALA2020.8-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/CALA2020.8-3","url":null,"abstract":"This research is a comparative study of Japanese language communication between the Japanese and Malay tourist guides during tourism tour sessions. The research goal is to examine patterns of compliment strategies implemented throughout the interactions of the tour sessions. The study results acquired are in the form of four recordings of a dialogue between the tourist guides and the tourists, in audio and video modes. The conversations are transcribed and coded. The tour guides included two Japanese native speakers and two Malaysian-Japanese speakers. In contrast, the tourists are Japanese native speakers who visited Malaysia, and Malaysians who attended the tourist attractions in Japan. The study reveals that the frequency of compliments applied by both Japanese and Malaysian tour guides are alike, or in other words, there are no significant differences. Nevertheless, category, function and topic or theme of compliment utterance present ssubstantial distinction.","PeriodicalId":299124,"journal":{"name":"The GLOCAL in Asia 2020","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115044233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：