Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4457995
N. Debnath, A. Funes, A. Dasso, R. Uzal, G. Montejano, D. Riesco
A set of rules to integrate Object Constraint Language (OCL) and the RALSE Specification Language (RSL) are shown and discussed. The rules presented here cover the translation of OCL expressions to semantically equivalent RSL expressions. The proposed rules here complete our previous work where we showed how to derive an initial formal specification in RSL from a UML class diagram, illustrated the use of RSL and OCL integration via an example, and proposed a complementary subset of rules for the translation of types and operations. We also present here a brief explanation of previous work on which the transformation rules are based.
{"title":"OCL Expressions and their Context: Transformation Rules for the Semantic Integration of OCL and RSL","authors":"N. Debnath, A. Funes, A. Dasso, R. Uzal, G. Montejano, D. Riesco","doi":"10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4457995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4457995","url":null,"abstract":"A set of rules to integrate Object Constraint Language (OCL) and the RALSE Specification Language (RSL) are shown and discussed. The rules presented here cover the translation of OCL expressions to semantically equivalent RSL expressions. The proposed rules here complete our previous work where we showed how to derive an initial formal specification in RSL from a UML class diagram, illustrated the use of RSL and OCL integration via an example, and proposed a complementary subset of rules for the translation of types and operations. We also present here a brief explanation of previous work on which the transformation rules are based.","PeriodicalId":299267,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130343135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458140
J. Matamoros, Carles Ant
In this paper, we address the problem of decentralized parameter estimation via hierarchical organizations of sensors. In this setup, the nodes are organized in clusters, and a sensor is designated as a cluster-head depending on its channel conditions. The task of the network is to estimate an unknown parameter with the minimum possible distortion, while ensuring a prescribed total power consumption. To this aim, we consider analog transmissions and, further, we decompose the problem into smaller subproblems, which can be autonomously solved for each cluster-head. We show that by balancing the total amount of power between the cluster-heads and the sensors, one can increase the estimation accuracy, and we derive a closed-form expression of the optimum balancing for the Uniform Power Allocation(UPA) case. Next, we propose some hybrid solutions which combine UPA with optimal WF schemes. Finally, we assess the performance of the proposed schemes by means of computer simulations, and we carry out a comparison with the non-hierarchical strategy as a baseline.
{"title":"Hierarchical Organizations of Sensors for Decentralized Parameter Estimation","authors":"J. Matamoros, Carles Ant","doi":"10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458140","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we address the problem of decentralized parameter estimation via hierarchical organizations of sensors. In this setup, the nodes are organized in clusters, and a sensor is designated as a cluster-head depending on its channel conditions. The task of the network is to estimate an unknown parameter with the minimum possible distortion, while ensuring a prescribed total power consumption. To this aim, we consider analog transmissions and, further, we decompose the problem into smaller subproblems, which can be autonomously solved for each cluster-head. We show that by balancing the total amount of power between the cluster-heads and the sensors, one can increase the estimation accuracy, and we derive a closed-form expression of the optimum balancing for the Uniform Power Allocation(UPA) case. Next, we propose some hybrid solutions which combine UPA with optimal WF schemes. Finally, we assess the performance of the proposed schemes by means of computer simulations, and we carry out a comparison with the non-hierarchical strategy as a baseline.","PeriodicalId":299267,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132423528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458110
Walid Ahmed
In this paper, we consider the problem of quantization noise suppression in the general family of direct digital-to-RF conversion circuits, including digitally-segmented polar-modulated power amplifiers, or digital PA's. In such power amplifier architectures, the PA is designed to have N parallel segments (or PA subsections), where N equals the number of bits representing the base-band amplitude component of the baseband IQ signal. The PA segment gains are designed to follow a "power-of- 2" weighting pattern. That is, the segments are weighted as 2n; n = 0,..., (N - 1). The outputs of the PA segments are then RF-combined in a proper manner to result in an RF carrier that is amplitude-modulated by a quantized representation of the base-band amplitude signal. The digitally-segmented PA architecture faces an important challenge, which is how to reduce the output noise resulting from quantizing the base-band envelope signal. In this paper, we address such a problem by introducing a novel signal-processing solution, which we refer to as "segmented-filtering (SF)". Our proposed approach has demonstrated the ability to preserve the required signal quality and PA efficiency, while providing more than 35 dB attenuation of the quantization noise. Hence, eliminating the need for substantial post-PA pass-band RF filtering, which is known to be costly and inefficient.
{"title":"Out-of-Band Quantization Noise Suppression in Direct Digital-to-RF Transmitter Architechtures","authors":"Walid Ahmed","doi":"10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458110","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider the problem of quantization noise suppression in the general family of direct digital-to-RF conversion circuits, including digitally-segmented polar-modulated power amplifiers, or digital PA's. In such power amplifier architectures, the PA is designed to have N parallel segments (or PA subsections), where N equals the number of bits representing the base-band amplitude component of the baseband IQ signal. The PA segment gains are designed to follow a \"power-of- 2\" weighting pattern. That is, the segments are weighted as 2n; n = 0,..., (N - 1). The outputs of the PA segments are then RF-combined in a proper manner to result in an RF carrier that is amplitude-modulated by a quantized representation of the base-band amplitude signal. The digitally-segmented PA architecture faces an important challenge, which is how to reduce the output noise resulting from quantizing the base-band envelope signal. In this paper, we address such a problem by introducing a novel signal-processing solution, which we refer to as \"segmented-filtering (SF)\". Our proposed approach has demonstrated the ability to preserve the required signal quality and PA efficiency, while providing more than 35 dB attenuation of the quantization noise. Hence, eliminating the need for substantial post-PA pass-band RF filtering, which is known to be costly and inefficient.","PeriodicalId":299267,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133484419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458112
Aryan Salmanpour, A.S. Tehrani, S.M.A. Moghadas
The abdominal ECG is a composite signal because it contains both the mother's and the fetus' ECG signals, but the chest ECG is supposed to have only maternal (MECG) component. In this paper, we use three different adaptive algorithms to remove FECG signal from the abdominal ECG. All procedures are applied to real multichannel ECG recordings obtained from a pregnant woman. We explain and compare the use of multichannel APA, RLS, and QR-RLS in time-domain for fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) extraction from four ECG signals recorded at the abdominal and chest areas of mother's skin. The results show that the multichannel QR-RLS is more effective than multichannel APA and RLS in this important biomedical application.
{"title":"Extraction of Fetal Electrocardiogram from Maternal Skin Electrodes using Affine Projection Algorithm (APA), Recursive Least Square (RLS), and QR-RLS Algorithms","authors":"Aryan Salmanpour, A.S. Tehrani, S.M.A. Moghadas","doi":"10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458112","url":null,"abstract":"The abdominal ECG is a composite signal because it contains both the mother's and the fetus' ECG signals, but the chest ECG is supposed to have only maternal (MECG) component. In this paper, we use three different adaptive algorithms to remove FECG signal from the abdominal ECG. All procedures are applied to real multichannel ECG recordings obtained from a pregnant woman. We explain and compare the use of multichannel APA, RLS, and QR-RLS in time-domain for fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) extraction from four ECG signals recorded at the abdominal and chest areas of mother's skin. The results show that the multichannel QR-RLS is more effective than multichannel APA and RLS in this important biomedical application.","PeriodicalId":299267,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132795611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458100
Mizuki Ihara, S. Maeda, Shin Ishii
Various kinds of feature sets have been proposed to represent characteristics of musical instruments. While those feature sets have been chosen in a rather heuristic way, in this study, we demonstrate that the log-power spectrum suffices to represent characteristics that are essential to identifying instruments. For efficient encoding of instrument characteristics, we then reduce the number of features by applying the well-known dimension reduction techniques: principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). For the classification of eight instruments, the features obtained by applying PCA-LDA to the log-power spectrum performed very well in comparison to existing methods with a recognition rate of 91% with as few as ten features.
{"title":"Instrument Identification in Monophonic Music Using Spectral Information","authors":"Mizuki Ihara, S. Maeda, Shin Ishii","doi":"10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458100","url":null,"abstract":"Various kinds of feature sets have been proposed to represent characteristics of musical instruments. While those feature sets have been chosen in a rather heuristic way, in this study, we demonstrate that the log-power spectrum suffices to represent characteristics that are essential to identifying instruments. For efficient encoding of instrument characteristics, we then reduce the number of features by applying the well-known dimension reduction techniques: principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). For the classification of eight instruments, the features obtained by applying PCA-LDA to the log-power spectrum performed very well in comparison to existing methods with a recognition rate of 91% with as few as ten features.","PeriodicalId":299267,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117227839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458058
N. Kishore, P. Rege
In this paper we present a simple and computationally efficient method for document image enhancement. We use Unsharp masking to enhance the edge detail information in the degraded document. This image is then used to adjust the local threshold for each pixel. Proposed method is experimentally compared with Laplacian sign method and the Otsu method. It is shown that the method improves sharpness of the image with nearly half computational time.
{"title":"Adaptive Enhancement of Historical Document Images","authors":"N. Kishore, P. Rege","doi":"10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458058","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a simple and computationally efficient method for document image enhancement. We use Unsharp masking to enhance the edge detail information in the degraded document. This image is then used to adjust the local threshold for each pixel. Proposed method is experimentally compared with Laplacian sign method and the Otsu method. It is shown that the method improves sharpness of the image with nearly half computational time.","PeriodicalId":299267,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124589220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458098
H. Ijima, Y. Yamashita, A. Ohsumi
Recently, the authors have proposed a method for the detection of signals corrupted by nonstationary random noise based on stationarization of the observation data which can be modeled by the first-order Ito stochastic differential equation. In this paper, in order to apply this method to more general situation, we propose a stationarization method incorporated with Kalman filter. To test the proposed method simulation experiments are presented.
{"title":"Detection of Signals in Nonstationary Random Noise via Stationarization of Data Incorporated with Kalman Filter","authors":"H. Ijima, Y. Yamashita, A. Ohsumi","doi":"10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458098","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the authors have proposed a method for the detection of signals corrupted by nonstationary random noise based on stationarization of the observation data which can be modeled by the first-order Ito stochastic differential equation. In this paper, in order to apply this method to more general situation, we propose a stationarization method incorporated with Kalman filter. To test the proposed method simulation experiments are presented.","PeriodicalId":299267,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology","volume":"36 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123289881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458026
Mohammed Shoaib
The objective of this work is to propose hardware-efficient schemes for multicast scheduling in input-queued switches based on the weight based arbiter (WBA), motivated by the practical implementation of a scheduler for a 64-port optical crossbar switch. We demonstrate that alternating fanout- and age-based weight calculations in subsequent time slots lead to higher clock speeds and better FPGA area utilization, with performance characteristics close to the conventional WBA. Our FPGA sizing experiments and clock speed evaluations show improvements of up to 35.25% and 47.06%, respectively, over the WBA. In addition, latency-throughput results for the proposed variations highlight the trade-offs between fairness, throughput, hardware complexity and speed.
{"title":"Selectively Weighted Multicast Scheduling Designs For Input-Queued Switches","authors":"Mohammed Shoaib","doi":"10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458026","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to propose hardware-efficient schemes for multicast scheduling in input-queued switches based on the weight based arbiter (WBA), motivated by the practical implementation of a scheduler for a 64-port optical crossbar switch. We demonstrate that alternating fanout- and age-based weight calculations in subsequent time slots lead to higher clock speeds and better FPGA area utilization, with performance characteristics close to the conventional WBA. Our FPGA sizing experiments and clock speed evaluations show improvements of up to 35.25% and 47.06%, respectively, over the WBA. In addition, latency-throughput results for the proposed variations highlight the trade-offs between fairness, throughput, hardware complexity and speed.","PeriodicalId":299267,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131495397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458049
T. Matsushima, S. Hirasawa
The CTW (context tree weighting) algorithm is an efficient universal coding algorithm on context tree models. The CTW algorithm has been interpreted as the non-predictive Bayes coding algorithm assuming a special prior distribution over context tree models. An efficient recursive calculation method using a gathering context tree in the CTW algorithm is well known. Although there exist efficient recursive algorithms for the Bayes codes assuming a special class of prior distributions, the basic property of the prior distribution class has been scarcely investigated. In this paper we show the exact definition of a prior distribution class on context tree models that has the similar property to the class of conjugate priors. We show the posterior distribution is also included in the same distribution class as the prior distribution class. So we can also construct an efficient algorithm of predictive Bayes codes on context tree models by using the prior distribution class. Lastly the asymptotic mean code length of the codes is investigated.
{"title":"A Class of Prior Distributions on Context Tree Models and an Efficient Algorithm of the Bayes Codes Assuming It","authors":"T. Matsushima, S. Hirasawa","doi":"10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458049","url":null,"abstract":"The CTW (context tree weighting) algorithm is an efficient universal coding algorithm on context tree models. The CTW algorithm has been interpreted as the non-predictive Bayes coding algorithm assuming a special prior distribution over context tree models. An efficient recursive calculation method using a gathering context tree in the CTW algorithm is well known. Although there exist efficient recursive algorithms for the Bayes codes assuming a special class of prior distributions, the basic property of the prior distribution class has been scarcely investigated. In this paper we show the exact definition of a prior distribution class on context tree models that has the similar property to the class of conjugate priors. We show the posterior distribution is also included in the same distribution class as the prior distribution class. So we can also construct an efficient algorithm of predictive Bayes codes on context tree models by using the prior distribution class. Lastly the asymptotic mean code length of the codes is investigated.","PeriodicalId":299267,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128097968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458134
S. Huq, A. Yadollahi, Z. Moussavi
While lung sounds intensity is significantly different during inspiratory and expiratory phases, such difference is not audible between the two respiratory phases when listening to tracheal breath sounds. In this study we investigated whether any difference exists between the average power and log-variance of the band-pass filtered tracheal breath sound between the respiratory phases. We used data from 9 healthy subjects without any pulmonary diseases at 4 different flow rates (low, medium, high and very high) and compared the two features at six different frequency ranges from 70 to 1200Hz. The most pronounced differences between the two respiratory phases were found in the 300-450Hz and 800-1000Hz for the average power and log-variance, respectively.
{"title":"Breath Analysis of Respiratory Flow using Tracheal Sounds","authors":"S. Huq, A. Yadollahi, Z. Moussavi","doi":"10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458134","url":null,"abstract":"While lung sounds intensity is significantly different during inspiratory and expiratory phases, such difference is not audible between the two respiratory phases when listening to tracheal breath sounds. In this study we investigated whether any difference exists between the average power and log-variance of the band-pass filtered tracheal breath sound between the respiratory phases. We used data from 9 healthy subjects without any pulmonary diseases at 4 different flow rates (low, medium, high and very high) and compared the two features at six different frequency ranges from 70 to 1200Hz. The most pronounced differences between the two respiratory phases were found in the 300-450Hz and 800-1000Hz for the average power and log-variance, respectively.","PeriodicalId":299267,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129308617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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