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Transforming conflict and transforming violence: determinants in the geometry of violence in Colombia 改变冲突和改变暴力:哥伦比亚暴力几何的决定因素
IF 1.6 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.1080/21624887.2023.2238999
César Niño, Daniel Palma
ABSTRACT After the signing of the Peace Agreement in Havana in 2016, which marked the end of the armed conflict with the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP), Colombia entered a post-conflict period with the hope of ending over six decades of armed violence. However, this article argues that the post-agreement phase was mistakenly conflated with post-conflict, leading to the belief that the conflict had come to an end. This disregard for the fact that peace-building is an ongoing, prolonged, and uncertain process overlooked the potential for violence to transform and adapt to social circumstances, even with one fewer perpetrator. In this sense, the end of the conflict with the FARC-EP has created a favourable scenario for transforming conflict. This concept refers to the dynamic changes in hostilities between new, old, and transformed armed actors in Colombia, which partially build on and take advantage of the same structural causes of past conflicts. It is crucial to recognise that the end of one armed conflict does not necessarily mean the end of violence and that sustained efforts are required to address the root causes of conflicts and build a sustainable peace.
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引用次数: 0
Learning to say ‘no’: privilege, entitlement and refusal in peace, (post)conflict and security research 学会说“不”:和平、(后)冲突和安全研究中的特权、权利和拒绝
IF 1.6 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/21624887.2023.2208902
Jamie J. Hagen, Ilaria Michelis, Jennifer Philippa Eggert, L. Turner
Abstract In this forum, we focus on the possibility and necessity for active refusal in research, and the complexities of refusal. We offer four different perspectives, based on our shared concerns and understanding of the harms caused by some field research, and driven by our engagement with and membership in some of the communities experiencing this harmful fieldwork in peace, (post)conflict and security settings.Drawing on feminist, queer, indigenous, anti-racist and decolonial literatures and interventions, we seek to further a practice of refusal as an essential component of researcher reflexivity Our various positionalities and privileges, and the research entitlement they can bring, necessitate grappling with refusal: we must do better at saying ‘no’. We must also be careful about the ethics of refusal itself: Who gets to say ‘no’ to whom? What comes after the refusal? We hope our interventions encourage more of these conversations and (more importantly) practices.Refusals can be an important ‘full stop’ that interrupt exploitative relationships, and that challenge neoliberal and neocolonial conditions of knowledge production. But they can also be generative of different ways of sharing knowledge, leading to new partners and locations, new conversations that cross the boundaries between the imperialist categories of the researcher and the researched, and new relationships outside of research and outside of work.
摘要在本论坛中,我们重点讨论了主动拒绝在研究中的可能性和必要性,以及拒绝的复杂性。我们提供了四种不同的观点,基于我们对一些实地研究造成的危害的共同关注和理解,以及我们与在和平、(后)冲突和安全环境中经历这种有害实地调查的一些社区的接触和成员关系。根据女权主义、酷儿、土著、反种族主义和非殖民化的文献和干预,我们试图进一步推动拒绝的做法,将其作为研究者自反性的重要组成部分。我们的各种立场和特权,以及它们可能带来的研究权利,都需要与拒绝作斗争:我们必须更好地说“不”。我们还必须小心拒绝本身的道德:谁可以对谁说“不”?拒绝之后会发生什么?我们希望我们的干预措施能鼓励更多这样的对话和(更重要的)实践。拒绝可能是中断剥削关系的重要“句号”,并挑战知识生产的新自由主义和新殖民主义条件。但它们也可以产生不同的知识共享方式,导致新的合作伙伴和地点,跨越帝国主义研究者和被研究者之间界限的新对话,以及研究和工作之外的新关系。
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引用次数: 2
CSoS ECR outstanding research article award 2023 winner CSoS ECR杰出研究文章奖2023年获得者
IF 1.6 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/21624887.2023.2243017
Colleen Bell
The CSoS ECR Outstanding Research Article Award Committee 2023, consisting of Dr Colleen Bell, Dr Helen Berents and Dr Somdeep Sen from the editorial team, are pleased to announce the winner and a runner-up for this year’s award. The Award recognises and celebrates early career scholars making an innovative and significant contribution to critical security studies. Recipients must be sole author of a regular research article accepted for publication through the journal’s regular submission and review process each year. The Committee read and evaluated the submissions in a confidential process. The 2022 award goes to Håvard Rustad Markussen, for their article, entitled, ‘Conceptualising the smartphone as a security device: appropriations of embodied connectivity at the Black Lives Matter protests’. Markussen makes a strong argument for the importance of objects to the formation of new repertoires of security, offering a high level of conceptual sophistication concerning the extended embodiment of the smartphone and the potential for its (re)appropriation by a range of actors. By applying philosophical insights on the agentic capacity of objects, Markussen theorises smart phones as newly embodied devices of connectivity that are both racialised and post-human. These insights are stretched to analyse the surveillance of Black Lives Matters protests and protesters strategies of countersurveillance. The committee found that the article presents a valuable and illustrative case study of police power and resistance to it, illuminating the racialisation of surveillance through smart phone technology. It is exemplary critical work in the field. This was a unanimous decision. Markussen’s article can be accessed here: https://doi.org/10. 1080/21624887.2022.2128596
由编辑团队的Colleen Bell博士、Helen Berents博士和Somdeep Sen博士组成的2023年CSoS ECR杰出研究文章奖委员会很高兴地宣布今年奖项的获奖者和二等奖。该奖项旨在表彰对关键安全研究做出创新和重大贡献的早期职业学者。获奖者必须是每年通过期刊定期提交和审查程序接受发表的常规研究文章的唯一作者。委员会在保密程序中阅读和评价了提交的材料。2022年的奖项授予了havard Rustad Markussen,他们的文章题为“将智能手机概念化为安全设备:黑人生命也重要抗议活动中体现连接的挪用”。Markussen强有力地论证了物体对于形成新的安全机制的重要性,提供了一个高度的概念复杂性,涉及智能手机的扩展体现及其被一系列参与者(重新)占用的潜力。通过运用对物体的代理能力的哲学见解,马库森将智能手机理论化为种族化和后人类化的新型连接设备。这些见解被延伸到分析对“黑人的命也是命”抗议活动的监视和抗议者的反监视策略。委员会发现,这篇文章提供了一个有价值的、说明性的案例,研究了警察权力和对它的抵制,阐明了通过智能手机技术进行监控的种族化。这是该领域重要工作的典范。这是一致通过的决定。Markussen的文章可以在这里访问:https://doi.org/10。1080/21624887.2022.2128596
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引用次数: 0
Terrible security problem: an aesthetics approach and study of the Korean Nuclear Crisis 可怕的安全问题:朝核危机的美学研究
IF 1.6 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.1080/21624887.2023.2199483
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引用次数: 0
Criminalisation of political activism: a conversation across disciplines 政治激进主义的犯罪化:跨学科对话
IF 1.6 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/21624887.2023.2188628
F. Cristiano, Deanna Dadusc, Tracey Davanna, Koshka Duff, J. Gilmore, Chris Rossdale, Federica Rossi, Adan Tatour, Lana Tatour, W. Tufail, E. Weizman
This Intervention presents a conversation amongst a collective of scholars who are in the process of establishing a research network studying the criminalisation of dissent. The new UK Police, Crime, Sentencing, Courts Act 2022 is just one recent example of attempts by ‘liberal democratic’ states to criminalise political activism and restrict the right to protest. Similar legislative measures, repressive policing practices, and discourses delegitimating dissent can be observed across a variety of geographic and socio-political contexts. In this discussion, we interrogate both the concept of ‘criminalisation of political activism’ and the practices through which criminalisation is enacted by sharing examples and analyses from our research. We approach criminalisation as a process that changes with circumstances and is shaped by a multiplicity of state and non-state actors and agencies, and question the analytical gentrification that narrows resistance and rebellion to the exclusionary category of activism. Our different disciplinary and regional foci bring together the historical and the contemporary, the (liberal) settler colony and (colonial) liberal democracy, to reflect collectively on the formal and informal tools, technologies and strategies used to criminalise dissent. The conversation took place in November 2022 and was then transcribed and lightly edited for clarity.
本期《介入》呈现了一群学者之间的对话,他们正在建立一个研究网络,研究异见人士的犯罪行为。新的英国警察、犯罪、量刑和法院法案2022只是“自由民主”国家试图将政治激进主义定为犯罪并限制抗议权利的最近一个例子。在不同的地理和社会政治背景下,都可以观察到类似的立法措施、镇压性的警务实践和使异议合法化的话语。在这次讨论中,我们通过分享我们研究中的例子和分析,对“政治激进主义犯罪化”的概念和实施犯罪化的实践进行了质疑。我们将刑事定罪视为一个随环境而变化的过程,并由国家和非国家行为者和机构的多样性所塑造,并质疑分析性的中产阶级化,这种中产阶级化将抵抗和反叛缩小到排外的行动主义类别。我们不同的学科和区域焦点汇集了历史和当代,(自由)定居者殖民地和(殖民)自由民主,集体反思用于将异议定为犯罪的正式和非正式工具,技术和策略。这段对话发生在2022年11月,为了清晰起见,随后进行了转录和轻微编辑。
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引用次数: 0
Remaining ‘in-between’ the divides? Conceptual, methodological, and ethical political dilemmas of engaged research in Critical Military Studies 仍然处于分歧之间?参与批判性军事研究的概念、方法和伦理政治困境
IF 1.6 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.1080/21624887.2023.2194503
Rachel Massey, Thom Tyerman
ABSTRACT Critical Military Studies (CMS) has emerged as an important subdiscipline in international security studies and an interdisciplinary field in its own right. In this article, we offer a close reading of foundational CMS literature to reveal its distinct approach to the critical study of military power. We argue this foundational literature is characterised by a commitment to a series of ‘in-between’ and 'engaged' positions on conceptual binaries between civilian and military spheres, questions of methodological proximity to or distance from military actors, and ethical political support for or opposition to militarism. While CMS makes important contributions to analyses of military power and security, we argue it too often re-centres white western male military subjects and agendas while marginalising antimilitarism. In this way, we argue, it reproduces a form of epistemic and ‘methodological whiteness’ that limits its potential to offer a sustained critique.
摘要批判性军事研究是国际安全研究的一个重要分支学科,也是一个跨学科的研究领域。在这篇文章中,我们仔细阅读了CMS的基础文献,以揭示其对军事力量批判性研究的独特方法。我们认为,这一基础文献的特点是致力于在民事和军事领域之间的概念二元关系上采取一系列“中间”和“参与”的立场,在方法上接近或远离军事行为者的问题,以及对军国主义的伦理政治支持或反对。虽然CMS对军事力量和安全的分析做出了重要贡献,但我们认为,它经常将西方白人男性军事主题和议程重新置于中心,同时将反军事主义边缘化。我们认为,通过这种方式,它再现了一种认识论和“方法论白人”的形式,这限制了它提供持续批评的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
The political discourse of Comunes regarding FARC-EP dissidents in Colombia 哥伦比亚公社关于哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军持不同政见者的政治话语
IF 1.6 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1080/21624887.2023.2184101
J. Ríos, Heriberto Cairo, David Gómez
ABSTRACT The following paper aims to explore the political discourse of the party heir to the FARC-EP, now known as Comunes, in relation to the phenomenon of dissident groups that see themselves as continuing the legacy of the defunct guerrilla, and which have proliferated after the signing of the Peace Agreement in late 2016. Based on nine in-depth interviews with political figures who have occupied or occupy relevant positions in the current political party, we explore the issues that enable us to understand how this phenomenon has taken place. The aim is to give a voice both to the official party line and to the critical sector, which have formed a kind of political divide since January 2021. Both sides have a shared understanding of the structural and institutional aspects that have led to the emergence of these armed groups, although they differ on other aspects, in particular, regarding their position towards the armed group led by alias ‘Gentil Duarte’ and, above all, the group known as ‘Segunda Marquetalia’. Since August 2019, the latter group of dissidents has been led by alias ‘Iván Márquez’, previously the head of the FARC-EP’s negotiating delegation during the peace process.
摘要本文旨在探讨刚果(金)武装力量-人民解放军(现称Comunes)的政党继承人与持不同政见团体现象的政治对话,这些团体认为自己延续了已经解散的游击队的遗产,并在2016年底签署《和平协议》后激增。基于对在当前政党中担任或占据相关职位的政治人物的九次深入采访,我们探讨了使我们能够理解这种现象是如何发生的问题。其目的是为官方政党路线和关键部门发声,自2021年1月以来,这些部门形成了某种政治分歧。双方对导致这些武装团体出现的结构和体制方面有着共同的理解,尽管他们在其他方面存在分歧,特别是对化名“Gentil Duarte”领导的武装团体,尤其是对名为“Segunda Marquetalia”的团体的立场。自2019年8月以来,后一批持不同政见者一直由化名“Iván Márquez”领导,他曾是哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军和平进程谈判代表团团长。
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引用次数: 1
Topologies of security: inquiring in/security across postcolonial and postsocialist scenes 安全拓扑:后殖民与后社会主义场景下的安全探究
IF 1.6 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/21624887.2023.2208942
A. Dwyer, A. Langenohl, Philipp Lottholz
ABSTRACT Postcolonial and postsocialist thought has critiqued Critical Security Studies (CSS) on its Eurocentric orientation in terms of its concepts, categories, and concerns of security. In this introductory text, we discuss a concept in tension – topology/scene – to deepen a dialogue between postcolonial and postsocialist scholarship alongside insights from Science and Technology Studies (STS). Drawing on various contributions, we demonstrate how topology/scene enables critical reflections on how the ‘networked’, material approaches to security exemplified by STS can be put into a productive conversation with critiques grounded in postcolonial and postsocialist theory and praxis. Topologies and scenes of security are thus offered as a method to reflect, interrogate, and question existing relationalities of in/security as well as the power of different materials, discourses, organisations, and people in various times and places. We seek to move beyond the scalar hierarchies of ‘local’ and ‘global’ to question and investigate uneven power relations. Along with contributions in this special issue, it is possible to point towards the potential to situate inquiry across thus-far ‘peripheral’ places and societal milieus to offer insights into the experiences and understandings of in/security which have been rendered invisible or marginal.
后殖民和后社会主义思想在安全的概念、范畴和关注点方面批判了批判安全研究(CSS)的欧洲中心主义取向。在这篇介绍性的文章中,我们讨论了张力中的一个概念——拓扑/场景——以深化后殖民和后社会主义学术之间的对话,以及科学和技术研究(STS)的见解。借鉴各种贡献,我们展示了拓扑/场景如何能够批判性地反思以STS为例的“网络化”、物质安全方法如何与基于后殖民和后社会主义理论和实践的批评进行富有成效的对话。因此,安全的拓扑结构和场景被作为一种方法来反映、询问和质疑安全的现有关系,以及不同时间和地点的不同材料、话语、组织和人的力量。我们试图超越“本地”和“全球”的标量等级,质疑和调查不平衡的权力关系。随着本期特刊的贡献,有可能指出在迄今为止的“外围”地区和社会环境中进行调查的潜力,以提供对已被视为不可见或边缘的安全的经验和理解的见解。
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引用次数: 2
‘The state killed my child’: security, justice and affective sociality in the European periphery “国家杀死了我的孩子”:欧洲外围的安全、正义和情感社会
IF 1.6 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1080/21624887.2022.2147328
Danijela Majstorovic
When the small gatherings of concerned citizens started at the main Krajina square in Banja Luka, following the disappearance of the 21-year-old electrical engineering student, David Dragičević, on 18 March 2018, nobody could have predicted that they would evolve into large-scale and the longest-lasting protests in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) with the Justice for David (JFD) and Justice for Dženan movements crossing BiH’s administrative and ethnic borders. David’s case, allegedly at the hand of some of the Republika Srpska police members, was brought into connection with another unresolved murder case, the one of the 22year-old Dženan Memić who died in February 2016 in Sarajevo under suspicious circumstances, allegedly at the hand of people close to the ruling Party of Democratic Action (SDA). Both cases faced attempted silencing, tampering with evidence and altogether lacked proper police investigation or prosecution by the judiciary for months on end, spurring the social protests against the current state structures. As the constitutional design plays a crucial role within the ongoing crisis of the country, it is important to give the contours of BiH setup. After the 1992–1995 war, the country has been divided into the two entities and Brčko district and has since Dayton Peace Agreement (Dayton) been ruled by ethnonationalist political elites, most notably the SDA and the SNSD. The two fathers organising the protests, Davor Dragičević and Muriz Memić, blamed the dominant political parties in the two entities, SDA in the Federation of BiH and SNSD in the Republika Srpska (RS), including the entity police and judiciary for what happened to their children. Amidst negligence and lack of due procedure necessary to resolve the cases, citizens of Banja Luka and Sarajevo joined the protests, symbolically and organically uniting Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) for the first time. These two cases also forged new relationships and forms of affective sociality within which security-related stakes and concerns rearticulated security as care but also the meaning social justice in this European periphery. Photo 1 by Aleksandar Trifunović, Buka magazine
2018年3月18日,21岁的电气工程专业学生David Dragičević失踪后,关心此事的公民在巴尼亚卢卡的克拉伊纳广场开始举行小型集会,没有人能预料到,随着大卫正义运动和泽南正义运动跨越波黑的行政和种族边界,他们将演变成波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那(波黑)持续时间最长的大规模抗议活动。大卫的案件据称是塞族共和国一些警察所为,与另一起尚未解决的谋杀案有关,这起谋杀案是22岁的Dženan Memić于2016年2月在萨拉热窝因可疑情况死亡,据称是由与执政党民主行动党关系密切的人所为。这两起案件都面临着试图沉默、篡改证据的行为,而且连续数月都没有得到警方的适当调查或司法部门的起诉,这引发了针对当前国家结构的社会抗议。由于宪法设计在该国持续的危机中发挥着至关重要的作用,因此重要的是要确定波黑的设置轮廓。1992年至1995年战争后,该国被划分为两个实体和布尔奇科区,自《代顿和平协议》(代顿)以来,该国一直由民族主义政治精英统治,最著名的是SDA和SNSD。组织抗议活动的两位父亲Davor Dragičević和Muriz Memić将他们孩子的遭遇归咎于两个实体中的主导政党,即波黑联邦的SDA和塞族共和国的SNSD,包括实体警察和司法部门。在疏忽和缺乏解决案件所需的正当程序的情况下,巴尼亚卢卡和萨拉热窝的公民参加了抗议活动,象征性地和有机地首次团结了波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那(波黑)。这两起案件还形成了新的情感社会关系和形式,在这种关系和形式中,与安全相关的利害关系和关切将安全重新表述为关怀,但也表达了欧洲外围国家的社会正义。照片1,Aleksandar Trifunović,Buka杂志
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引用次数: 1
Changing scenes of security in the time of the coronavirus pandemic 冠状病毒大流行时期不断变化的安全场景
IF 1.6 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2022-10-15 DOI: 10.1080/21624887.2022.2134699
Alexandra Gheciu
In early 2020, as many parts of the world went into unprecedented lockdowns, senior EU officials stated that only a united approach would enable Europe to address a pandemic that was endangering the security of individuals and societies. In the words of the European Commission President, ‘in this crisis, and in our Union more generally, it is only by helping each other that we can help ourselves’ (Von der 2020). In this context, it is important to ask: how has the European (in)security environment evolved in the context of the COVID pandemic? This article addresses that question by drawing on insights from the field of Critical Security Studies (CSS) and post-colonial/postsocialist perspectives. Those insights help us understand how, contrary to statements of solidarity issued by senior EU politicians, the pandemic has accentuated structural inequalities and the condition of (in)security experienced by many vulnerable individuals across Europe. The focus in this article is on developments concerning Central Europe, in an attempt to advance understanding of the important – yet still under-studied – role played by post-socialist spaces in the redefinition of the (in)security environment in Europe and, more broadly, in the (re)construction of the EU (see also Mälksoo 2021; Lovec, Kočí, and Šabič et al. 2021). Understanding developments in postsocialist spaces enables us to shed light on similarities between the dehumanising practices enacted by Central European governments and by their West European counterparts, and deepens knowledge of the conflicts and contradictions that lie at the heart of European politics. Central to these contradictions is the growing clash between liberal/illiberal ideas and political forces that has profoundly affected EU politics in recent years, and that has become particularly acute in the context of the COVID pandemic.
2020年初,随着世界许多地区进入前所未有的封锁状态,欧盟高级官员表示,只有采取统一的方法,欧洲才能应对危及个人和社会安全的疫情。用欧盟委员会主席的话来说,“在这场危机中,以及在我们的联盟中,只有相互帮助,我们才能帮助自己”(冯德2020)。在这种情况下,重要的是要问:在新冠肺炎疫情的背景下,欧洲(内部)安全环境是如何演变的?本文通过借鉴关键安全研究(CSS)领域和后殖民主义/后社会主义视角的见解来解决这个问题。这些见解有助于我们理解,与欧盟高级政客发表的团结声明相反,疫情如何加剧了欧洲各地许多弱势群体的结构性不平等和安全状况。本文的重点是中欧的事态发展,试图加深对后社会主义空间在重新定义欧洲(内部)安全环境以及更广泛地在欧盟(重建)建设中发挥的重要作用的理解(另见Mälksoo 2021;Lovec、Kočí和Šabič等人,2021)。了解后社会主义空间的发展,使我们能够揭示中欧政府和西欧政府制定的非人化做法之间的相似之处,并加深对欧洲政治核心冲突和矛盾的认识。这些矛盾的核心是自由/非自由思想与政治力量之间日益加剧的冲突,近年来,这种冲突深刻影响了欧盟政治,在新冠肺炎疫情的背景下,这种冲突变得尤为严重。
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引用次数: 1
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Critical Studies on Security
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