Pub Date : 2017-04-03DOI: 10.1080/08997764.2017.1364257
H. Allen, S. Connolly, Shaun P. Hargreaves Heap
ABSTRACT Media pluralism is valued in most jurisdictions because it contributes to a well-informed citizenry. The authors examine what media policy and regulatory levers appear to affect five types of citizen knowledge across the European Union. They conclude that concentration of titles matters more than ownership in newsprint; and that neither type of concentration matters in broadcasting in the same way, but the regulatory regime for public service broadcasting does, particularly for political knowledge.
{"title":"Media pluralism: What matters for governance and regulation?","authors":"H. Allen, S. Connolly, Shaun P. Hargreaves Heap","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2017.1364257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2017.1364257","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Media pluralism is valued in most jurisdictions because it contributes to a well-informed citizenry. The authors examine what media policy and regulatory levers appear to affect five types of citizen knowledge across the European Union. They conclude that concentration of titles matters more than ownership in newsprint; and that neither type of concentration matters in broadcasting in the same way, but the regulatory regime for public service broadcasting does, particularly for political knowledge.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"30 1","pages":"47 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2017.1364257","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44345004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-03DOI: 10.1080/08997764.2017.1364256
Z. Ouyang, Jia Xu, Jiuchang Wei, Yang Liu
ABSTRACT Information asymmetry between corporate management and investors creates a context in which corporate reputation conveyed in the media may serve as a valid signal of firm quality to investors in times of corporate crisis. Results confirmed our hypothesis that corporate media reputation was positively correlated with postcrisis stock return. Furthermore, the positive effect of media reputation of a firm on stock market response to the crisis was enhanced by media visibility. Our findings supported a previously unexplored view of the media as information intermediaries in signaling and suggested that a favorable media reputation as an important signal of firm quality leads to high abnormal returns in times of corporate crisis.
{"title":"Information Asymmetry and Investor Reaction to Corporate Crisis: Media Reputation as a Stock Market Signal","authors":"Z. Ouyang, Jia Xu, Jiuchang Wei, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2017.1364256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2017.1364256","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Information asymmetry between corporate management and investors creates a context in which corporate reputation conveyed in the media may serve as a valid signal of firm quality to investors in times of corporate crisis. Results confirmed our hypothesis that corporate media reputation was positively correlated with postcrisis stock return. Furthermore, the positive effect of media reputation of a firm on stock market response to the crisis was enhanced by media visibility. Our findings supported a previously unexplored view of the media as information intermediaries in signaling and suggested that a favorable media reputation as an important signal of firm quality leads to high abnormal returns in times of corporate crisis.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"30 1","pages":"82 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2017.1364256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45246062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08997764.2017.1282492
Sanghoon Lee
ABSTRACT This article examines the relationship between media freedom and social capital by using cross-country panel data. The hypothesis of the current study is the U-shaped relationship between media freedom and social capital, which is based on the claims that media freedom has a negative impact on bonding social capital and a positive effect on bridging social capital. To test the hypothesis, this study uses OLS and 2SLS regression methods, as well as panel data random effects regression. The empirical findings support the hypothesis of the U-shaped relationship.
{"title":"Media Freedom and Social Capital","authors":"Sanghoon Lee","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2017.1282492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2017.1282492","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the relationship between media freedom and social capital by using cross-country panel data. The hypothesis of the current study is the U-shaped relationship between media freedom and social capital, which is based on the claims that media freedom has a negative impact on bonding social capital and a positive effect on bridging social capital. To test the hypothesis, this study uses OLS and 2SLS regression methods, as well as panel data random effects regression. The empirical findings support the hypothesis of the U-shaped relationship.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"30 1","pages":"18 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2017.1282492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48693640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08997764.2017.1287511
H. Martin, Adam D. Rennhoff
The fi rst article in this issue fi nds a U-shaped relationship between media freedom and social capital. This suggests media freedom is associated with open societies where social and economic interactions involve heterogenous groups. Closed societies where interactions involve homogenous groups are not associated with media freedom. The second article examines di ff erentiation strategies used by newspapers to respond to Internet competition. The article concludes these strategies have failed. The third article examines how uncertainty about the outcome of an international football game a ff ects audience demand. Game outcome uncertainty in fl uences demand for international friendly games, but not for qualifying and tournament games. The fi rst article is “ Media Freedom and Social Capital ” by Sanghoon Lee. This study examines relationships between social capital and media freedom in a sample of 197 countries. Social capital exists when membership in a group or network creates a credential that allows members to participate in and bene fi t from the network. Social capital can also be identi fi ed by norms that members of a group practice such as reciprocity and trust. Social capital can improve the exchange of economically important information, builds social cohesion, and provide social support for group members. Media freedom can also improve “ the free fl ow of ideas and access to information and knowledge ” (p. 4) which can aid economic development. This may be the fi rst study to examine direct relationships between social capital and media freedom. The study uses a cross-sectional and a random e ff ects panel analysis. Two types of social capital are examined. Bonding social capital is created by ties between members of a network with similar characteristics, such as an ethnic fraternal organization. Bridging social capital is created by interactions between heterogenous groups with looser ties than the ties in bonding social capital. Membership in ecumenical religious organizations is an example of bridging social capital. Media freedom is a function of the legal and political media environment, measured by indicators devel-oped by media groups and citizens ’ perceptions of their ability to select their government and freely express themselves. The analysis fi nds a U-shaped relationship between media freedom and social capital.
{"title":"Relationships between Media Freedom and Social Capital, Evaluating Newspaper Responses to Internet Competition, and Audience Demand for Television Broadcasts of International Football Games","authors":"H. Martin, Adam D. Rennhoff","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2017.1287511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2017.1287511","url":null,"abstract":"The fi rst article in this issue fi nds a U-shaped relationship between media freedom and social capital. This suggests media freedom is associated with open societies where social and economic interactions involve heterogenous groups. Closed societies where interactions involve homogenous groups are not associated with media freedom. The second article examines di ff erentiation strategies used by newspapers to respond to Internet competition. The article concludes these strategies have failed. The third article examines how uncertainty about the outcome of an international football game a ff ects audience demand. Game outcome uncertainty in fl uences demand for international friendly games, but not for qualifying and tournament games. The fi rst article is “ Media Freedom and Social Capital ” by Sanghoon Lee. This study examines relationships between social capital and media freedom in a sample of 197 countries. Social capital exists when membership in a group or network creates a credential that allows members to participate in and bene fi t from the network. Social capital can also be identi fi ed by norms that members of a group practice such as reciprocity and trust. Social capital can improve the exchange of economically important information, builds social cohesion, and provide social support for group members. Media freedom can also improve “ the free fl ow of ideas and access to information and knowledge ” (p. 4) which can aid economic development. This may be the fi rst study to examine direct relationships between social capital and media freedom. The study uses a cross-sectional and a random e ff ects panel analysis. Two types of social capital are examined. Bonding social capital is created by ties between members of a network with similar characteristics, such as an ethnic fraternal organization. Bridging social capital is created by interactions between heterogenous groups with looser ties than the ties in bonding social capital. Membership in ecumenical religious organizations is an example of bridging social capital. Media freedom is a function of the legal and political media environment, measured by indicators devel-oped by media groups and citizens ’ perceptions of their ability to select their government and freely express themselves. The analysis fi nds a U-shaped relationship between media freedom and social capital.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"30 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2017.1287511","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41804008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08997764.2017.1281817
B. Mierzejewska, Dobin Yim, Philip M. Napoli, H. Lucas, A. Al-Hasan
ABSTRACT The concept of competitive displacement is central to theories of media evolution, and the threat that the Internet has posed to printed newspapers provides an ongoing case study on the topic. In particular, this situation offers an opportunity to examine the strategic efforts of print newspapers to prevent competitive displacement, as well as the effectiveness of these strategies. This article addresses these issues through an analysis of a unique data set, constructed from 20 years of newspaper circulation data, as well as data on local market characteristics, newspaper staffing and content variety, and state-level Internet penetration. Specifically, this article examines whether, and to what extent, these competitive strategies impacted local print newspaper circulation trends over this 20-year time period. This analysis focuses on the following strategic responses: (a) newspapers’ launching of online versions (a diversification strategy within the language of media evolution literature); and (b) newspapers’ efforts to cover a greater variety of subject areas, as measured by the number of editors and special editorial sections produced. (The authors characterize these as a “mimicking” strategy from media evolution literature, as this strategy essentially represents an effort to simulate the much greater content variety that readers can find online). This article examines the relationships between these circulation, strategic, and Internet penetration variables over a 20-year time period, while also taking into account relevant characteristics of local newspaper markets.
{"title":"Evaluating Strategic Approaches to Competitive Displacement: The Case of the U.S. Newspaper Industry","authors":"B. Mierzejewska, Dobin Yim, Philip M. Napoli, H. Lucas, A. Al-Hasan","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2017.1281817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2017.1281817","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The concept of competitive displacement is central to theories of media evolution, and the threat that the Internet has posed to printed newspapers provides an ongoing case study on the topic. In particular, this situation offers an opportunity to examine the strategic efforts of print newspapers to prevent competitive displacement, as well as the effectiveness of these strategies. This article addresses these issues through an analysis of a unique data set, constructed from 20 years of newspaper circulation data, as well as data on local market characteristics, newspaper staffing and content variety, and state-level Internet penetration. Specifically, this article examines whether, and to what extent, these competitive strategies impacted local print newspaper circulation trends over this 20-year time period. This analysis focuses on the following strategic responses: (a) newspapers’ launching of online versions (a diversification strategy within the language of media evolution literature); and (b) newspapers’ efforts to cover a greater variety of subject areas, as measured by the number of editors and special editorial sections produced. (The authors characterize these as a “mimicking” strategy from media evolution literature, as this strategy essentially represents an effort to simulate the much greater content variety that readers can find online). This article examines the relationships between these circulation, strategic, and Internet penetration variables over a 20-year time period, while also taking into account relevant characteristics of local newspaper markets.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"30 1","pages":"19 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2017.1281817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43782377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08997764.2017.1281818
Dominik Schreyer, Sascha L. Schmidt, B. Torgler
ABSTRACT This article adopts a comprehensive 2-step approach to dissolve recent confusion regarding the role of game outcome uncertainty in the TV demand for international team sports. Analyzing the German TV demand for 457 international football games broadcasted during 6 Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cups and 5 Union des Associations Européennes de Football European Championships and 287 international games played by the Germany national football team, this study reveals that solely the demand for friendly games is affected by increasing uncertainty regarding the expected game outcomes.
{"title":"Game Outcome Uncertainty and the Demand for International Football Games: Evidence From the German TV Market","authors":"Dominik Schreyer, Sascha L. Schmidt, B. Torgler","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2017.1281818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2017.1281818","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article adopts a comprehensive 2-step approach to dissolve recent confusion regarding the role of game outcome uncertainty in the TV demand for international team sports. Analyzing the German TV demand for 457 international football games broadcasted during 6 Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cups and 5 Union des Associations Européennes de Football European Championships and 287 international games played by the Germany national football team, this study reveals that solely the demand for friendly games is affected by increasing uncertainty regarding the expected game outcomes.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"30 1","pages":"31 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2017.1281818","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42798181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-13DOI: 10.1080/08997764.2017.1375507
R. S. Hiller
ABSTRACT Using a unique dataset of the Netflix video on demand library, this article measures the characteristics of information goods important when employing a strategic bundling strategy. By matching the titles entering and exiting the library to their relevant properties, I use a characteristic approach to determine when the value to Netflix of adding a title exceeds the licensing fee and when the displacement effect associated with presence in the library dictates that the title will not be offered. Results show that titles of median commercial success are bundled more frequently than the most and least successful, and the number of similar films exiting the library is important to how likely a film is to enter, indicating strategic bundling. These results are generalizable to the streaming video industry and any information goods with rapidly diminishing marginal utility.
{"title":"Profitably Bundling Information Goods: Evidence From the Evolving Video Library of Netflix","authors":"R. S. Hiller","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2017.1375507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2017.1375507","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using a unique dataset of the Netflix video on demand library, this article measures the characteristics of information goods important when employing a strategic bundling strategy. By matching the titles entering and exiting the library to their relevant properties, I use a characteristic approach to determine when the value to Netflix of adding a title exceeds the licensing fee and when the displacement effect associated with presence in the library dictates that the title will not be offered. Results show that titles of median commercial success are bundled more frequently than the most and least successful, and the number of similar films exiting the library is important to how likely a film is to enter, indicating strategic bundling. These results are generalizable to the streaming video industry and any information goods with rapidly diminishing marginal utility.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"30 1","pages":"65 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2017.1375507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59573670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.1080/08997764.2020.1754227
T. Beard, George S. Ford, Michael L. Stern
ABSTRACT When a terrestrial radio station plays a song during its over-the-air broadcast, the artists and their record labels receive no compensation for the sound recording right. Yet radio’s digital competitors – including streaming services and satellite radio – do pay performance royalties to performers and their labels for the sound recording. Terrestrial radio’s cost-advantage is not the result of marketplace deals or competitive forces, but from a statutory preference granted to radio broadcasters. Legislation aimed at leveling the playing field has been strongly resisted by broadcasters based on the claim that radio provides a promotional effect, or free advertising, for record labels and performers. In this article, we demonstrate that any promotional effect is fully internalized in a marketplace bargain between the music and radio industries. As such, a promotional effect provides no basis for federal law to mandate the free use of music by the radio broadcast industry.
{"title":"Promotional effects and the determination of royalty rates for music","authors":"T. Beard, George S. Ford, Michael L. Stern","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2020.1754227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2020.1754227","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT When a terrestrial radio station plays a song during its over-the-air broadcast, the artists and their record labels receive no compensation for the sound recording right. Yet radio’s digital competitors – including streaming services and satellite radio – do pay performance royalties to performers and their labels for the sound recording. Terrestrial radio’s cost-advantage is not the result of marketplace deals or competitive forces, but from a statutory preference granted to radio broadcasters. Legislation aimed at leveling the playing field has been strongly resisted by broadcasters based on the claim that radio provides a promotional effect, or free advertising, for record labels and performers. In this article, we demonstrate that any promotional effect is fully internalized in a marketplace bargain between the music and radio industries. As such, a promotional effect provides no basis for federal law to mandate the free use of music by the radio broadcast industry.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"31 1","pages":"27 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2020.1754227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59574197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1080/08997764.2016.1244676
C. Opitz, Kay H. Hofmann
ABSTRACT In this article, we build on Stigler and Becker’s (1977) “consumption capital theory” and propose a novel conceptualization of film quality for the analysis of motion picture franchises. Generally, this theory predicts that the utility consumers derive from a particular good or service increases with prior consumption. We test our theoretical conjectures by drawing on the population of sequels that were running in the US between 1992 and 2011. The empirical results point to the explanatory power of the proposed framework. Film executives may use our findings to improve the profitability of their sequel productions. From a theoretical point of view, consumption capital theory allows for a more refined analysis of sequel performance along different dimensions. Moreover, it may provide a fruitful basis for the analysis of other serial media content, including books, TV, music, and games.
{"title":"The More You Know … The More You Enjoy? Applying ‘Consumption Capital Theory’ To Motion Picture Franchises","authors":"C. Opitz, Kay H. Hofmann","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2016.1244676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2016.1244676","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, we build on Stigler and Becker’s (1977) “consumption capital theory” and propose a novel conceptualization of film quality for the analysis of motion picture franchises. Generally, this theory predicts that the utility consumers derive from a particular good or service increases with prior consumption. We test our theoretical conjectures by drawing on the population of sequels that were running in the US between 1992 and 2011. The empirical results point to the explanatory power of the proposed framework. Film executives may use our findings to improve the profitability of their sequel productions. From a theoretical point of view, consumption capital theory allows for a more refined analysis of sequel performance along different dimensions. Moreover, it may provide a fruitful basis for the analysis of other serial media content, including books, TV, music, and games.","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"29 1","pages":"181 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2016.1244676","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59573621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1080/08997764.2016.1238267
{"title":"EoV","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/08997764.2016.1238267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2016.1238267","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29945,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS","volume":"29 1","pages":"ebi - ebi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08997764.2016.1238267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59573579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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