Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1007/s43832-023-00045-x
Mahmoud Zayed
Abstract Culvert blockage at the inlet can dramatically alter the local hydraulic characteristics that often increase backwater rise, change the flow patterns, and thereby increase the risk of upstream flooding. The impact of culvert blockage is not usually included in the initial hydraulic design, although it can cause significant losses once the culvert becomes blocked. Culvert hydraulics including backwater rise with respect to blockage slope and ratio has been neglected in the studies conducted so far. In this study, we conducted a series of narrow flume tests to investigate the effects of four bottom blockage slope angles and five blockage ratios on the hydraulic characteristics of box culverts, including backwater rise, and upstream mean velocity at various Froude numbers. The results showed that Froude number, blockage ratio, and slope angle were regarded as the controlling variables for culvert backwater rise. Backwater rise increased dramatically with increasing blockage ratio and Froude number. Compared to blockage ratio B = 0.20, ΔH/h u increased by 2, 5, 9, and 13 times for B = 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1, respectively. However, when the blockage slope angle decreased, the backwater rise reduced and upstream mean velocity increased in compared with vertical blockage. The relative backwater rise reduced from 0.32 to 0.29, when blockage slope angle decreased from 90° to 18.44° at B = 1 and F o = 0.10. In addition, the length and maximum depth of water surface depression inside the culvert itself were larger with increasing blockage ratio and Froude number. For F o = 0.10, d/h o = 0.13 and L/h o = 0.94 for B = 0.20 compared to d/h o = 0.32 and L/h o = 4.34 for B = 1. The results were also combined to develop an equation to predict backwater rise in the range 0.10 ≤ F o ≤ 0.25, 0 ≤ B ≤ 1, and 18.44° ≤ α ≤ 90°. To enhance the accuracy, it is recommended to apply the equation for ΔH/h u ˃ 0.10. It is useful and practical in applications to add the probability of backwater rise or losses owing to culvert blockage within accounting of losses during the hydraulic design of culverts, especially in channels exposed to debris.
进水口涵洞堵塞会极大地改变当地的水力特性，往往会增加回水上升，改变水流形态，从而增加上游洪水发生的风险。涵洞堵塞的影响通常不包括在最初的水力设计中，尽管一旦涵洞堵塞会造成重大损失。涵洞水力学包括回水上升对堵塞坡度和比的影响，在目前的研究中被忽略。在本研究中，我们进行了一系列窄水槽试验，研究了四种底部堵塞坡角和五种堵塞比对箱涵水力特性的影响，包括回水上升和不同弗劳德数下的上游平均流速。结果表明，弗劳德数、堵塞比和坡角是涵洞回水上升的控制变量。随着堵塞比和弗劳德数的增加，回水上升幅度显著增大。与堵塞比B = 0.20相比，当B = 0.40、0.60、0.80和1时ΔH/h u分别提高了2倍、5倍、9倍和13倍。与垂直堵塞相比，当堵塞坡角减小时，回水上升幅度减小，上游平均流速增大。当B = 1, F = 0.10时，堵塞坡角由90°减小至18.44°，相对回水上升由0.32减小至0.29。此外，随着堵塞比和弗劳德数的增加，涵洞内部水面凹陷的长度和最大深度也越大。当F = 0.10时，B = 0.20时d/h o = 0.13, L/h o = 0.94，而B = 1时d/h o = 0.32, L/h o = 4.34。结果还结合起来建立了一个方程，用于预测0.10≤F≤0.25,0≤B≤1和18.44°≤α≤90°范围内的回水上升。为提高计算精度，建议采用ΔH/h u 0.10的公式。在涵洞的水力设计中，特别是在有碎石的沟渠中，在计算涵洞的损失时，加入因涵洞堵塞而引起的回水上升或损失的概率，在实际应用中是有用的。
{"title":"Blockage slope and ratio effects on box culvert hydraulics","authors":"Mahmoud Zayed","doi":"10.1007/s43832-023-00045-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-023-00045-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Culvert blockage at the inlet can dramatically alter the local hydraulic characteristics that often increase backwater rise, change the flow patterns, and thereby increase the risk of upstream flooding. The impact of culvert blockage is not usually included in the initial hydraulic design, although it can cause significant losses once the culvert becomes blocked. Culvert hydraulics including backwater rise with respect to blockage slope and ratio has been neglected in the studies conducted so far. In this study, we conducted a series of narrow flume tests to investigate the effects of four bottom blockage slope angles and five blockage ratios on the hydraulic characteristics of box culverts, including backwater rise, and upstream mean velocity at various Froude numbers. The results showed that Froude number, blockage ratio, and slope angle were regarded as the controlling variables for culvert backwater rise. Backwater rise increased dramatically with increasing blockage ratio and Froude number. Compared to blockage ratio B = 0.20, ΔH/h u increased by 2, 5, 9, and 13 times for B = 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1, respectively. However, when the blockage slope angle decreased, the backwater rise reduced and upstream mean velocity increased in compared with vertical blockage. The relative backwater rise reduced from 0.32 to 0.29, when blockage slope angle decreased from 90° to 18.44° at B = 1 and F o = 0.10. In addition, the length and maximum depth of water surface depression inside the culvert itself were larger with increasing blockage ratio and Froude number. For F o = 0.10, d/h o = 0.13 and L/h o = 0.94 for B = 0.20 compared to d/h o = 0.32 and L/h o = 4.34 for B = 1. The results were also combined to develop an equation to predict backwater rise in the range 0.10 ≤ F o ≤ 0.25, 0 ≤ B ≤ 1, and 18.44° ≤ α ≤ 90°. To enhance the accuracy, it is recommended to apply the equation for ΔH/h u ˃ 0.10. It is useful and practical in applications to add the probability of backwater rise or losses owing to culvert blockage within accounting of losses during the hydraulic design of culverts, especially in channels exposed to debris.","PeriodicalId":29971,"journal":{"name":"Discover Water","volume":"1997 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the Northern Dezful-Andimeshk Plain, the primary source of drinking water is groundwater, which has low quality in some places. Thus, groundwater quality in this area needs an accurate evaluation. In this research, the fuzzy and Schoeller deterministic method assessed the Northern Dezful-Andimeshk Plain drinking water, and the results of both methods were used to zone and compare the drinking quality of the plain groundwater in the Arc GIS environment. The deterministic method classifies drinking water quality from good to bad. According to this method, 56.81% of the total area of the plain has good quality, 20.83% of the total area is acceptable, 18.77% of the total area has inappropriate quality, and 3.57% of the total area has bad quality. However, in the fuzzy method, groundwater in 21.6% of the total area of the plain with a confidence percentage of 70% to 81% is desirable, in 75.23% of the total area of the plain with a confidence percentage of 32% to 70% is acceptable, and 3.69% of the total area of the plain with drinking confidence of 20% to 22% is nonacceptable. The results showed that the fuzzy method is better than the Schoeller deterministic method because it reduces uncertainties, increases accuracy in the evaluation, increases flexibility in the threshold limits of water quality parameters, and provides a quantitative and qualitative assessment of drinking water. Also the zoning map obtained from this method is more compatible with environmental and pollution realities. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Zonation of groundwater quality in terms of drinkability, using Fuzzy Logic and Schoeller deterministic method for Northern Dezful - Andimeshk Plain, Iran","authors":"Sedigheh Shakour, Manouchehr Chitsazan, Seyed Yahya Mirzaee","doi":"10.1007/s43832-023-00046-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-023-00046-w","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the Northern Dezful-Andimeshk Plain, the primary source of drinking water is groundwater, which has low quality in some places. Thus, groundwater quality in this area needs an accurate evaluation. In this research, the fuzzy and Schoeller deterministic method assessed the Northern Dezful-Andimeshk Plain drinking water, and the results of both methods were used to zone and compare the drinking quality of the plain groundwater in the Arc GIS environment. The deterministic method classifies drinking water quality from good to bad. According to this method, 56.81% of the total area of the plain has good quality, 20.83% of the total area is acceptable, 18.77% of the total area has inappropriate quality, and 3.57% of the total area has bad quality. However, in the fuzzy method, groundwater in 21.6% of the total area of the plain with a confidence percentage of 70% to 81% is desirable, in 75.23% of the total area of the plain with a confidence percentage of 32% to 70% is acceptable, and 3.69% of the total area of the plain with drinking confidence of 20% to 22% is nonacceptable. The results showed that the fuzzy method is better than the Schoeller deterministic method because it reduces uncertainties, increases accuracy in the evaluation, increases flexibility in the threshold limits of water quality parameters, and provides a quantitative and qualitative assessment of drinking water. Also the zoning map obtained from this method is more compatible with environmental and pollution realities. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":29971,"journal":{"name":"Discover Water","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135933198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1007/s43832-023-00047-9
Carrelle G. Ossinga, Vincent I. Okudoh, Mahabubur R. Chowdhury
Abstract One approach to addressing energy security issues is to produce renewable and sustainable bioenergy using abundant waste resources through anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD). However, the lignocellulosic nature of these biomass resources makes them recalcitrant, and pretreatment is required to make them more amenable to conversion. Iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) have been shown to increase methane yield significantly when added to biomass resources. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ION application on Sorghum stover (SS) and Winery solid waste (WSW) under mesophilic conditions. Hydrothermal synthesis was used to obtain Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. Biomethane potential (BMP) tests were carried out in semi-continuous batch reactors with and without ION singly and combined SS: WSW (1:1) during a 30-day retention period. The results showed that the ION application on WSW delivered a higher biogas yield (380 mL), indicating an increase of 162% in biogas production compared to the sample without ION (145 mL). In addition, CH4 generation went from 30 to 114 mLCH4, indicating a 280% increase. However, adding ION to SS inhibited CH4 production. The study found that ION addition significantly improved biogas yield, especially with WSW, where the increase was more than triple, of interest to bioenergy and waste management practitioners. Graphic Abstract
{"title":"Sorghum stover and winery solid wastes co-digestion: application of iron oxide nanoparticles for biogas yield optimisation","authors":"Carrelle G. Ossinga, Vincent I. Okudoh, Mahabubur R. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1007/s43832-023-00047-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-023-00047-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One approach to addressing energy security issues is to produce renewable and sustainable bioenergy using abundant waste resources through anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD). However, the lignocellulosic nature of these biomass resources makes them recalcitrant, and pretreatment is required to make them more amenable to conversion. Iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) have been shown to increase methane yield significantly when added to biomass resources. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ION application on Sorghum stover (SS) and Winery solid waste (WSW) under mesophilic conditions. Hydrothermal synthesis was used to obtain Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. Biomethane potential (BMP) tests were carried out in semi-continuous batch reactors with and without ION singly and combined SS: WSW (1:1) during a 30-day retention period. The results showed that the ION application on WSW delivered a higher biogas yield (380 mL), indicating an increase of 162% in biogas production compared to the sample without ION (145 mL). In addition, CH4 generation went from 30 to 114 mLCH4, indicating a 280% increase. However, adding ION to SS inhibited CH4 production. The study found that ION addition significantly improved biogas yield, especially with WSW, where the increase was more than triple, of interest to bioenergy and waste management practitioners. Graphic Abstract","PeriodicalId":29971,"journal":{"name":"Discover Water","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135932998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study focuses on the environmental conditions of the Mahanadi Estuary near Paradeep Harbor and the adjacent sea. Data collected from May 2013 to April 2020 from 32 GPS fixed stations was analyzed to assess the water quality in different zones (estuarine, mixed zone, mixed zone south, and mixed zone north) of study area. Parameters such as pH, SST, TSS, nitrite, phosphate, silicate, TOC, chlorophyll, fecal coliform, and heavy metals were used to estimate the Water Quality Index (WQI) for each zone. The study found a deterioration (> 30%) in the overall water quality of the Mahanadi Estuary from 2013 to 2020, potentially attributed to river inflows, port activities, and industrial outflows in to the coastal ecosystem. Seasonal variations in temperature, salinity, turbidity, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia were observed. The water quality showed a deteriorating trend in estuarine, mixed zone, mixed zone south, and mixed zone north. Based on the water quality indices, the ecosystem shows moderate levels of stress. The degraded water quality highlights the need for a targeted mitigation plan to reduce external pressures and enhance the overall ecosystem quality. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"A comprehensive study of the estuary sea environment in the Bay of Bengal, near the Mahanadi River confluence","authors":"Sharada Shrinivas Pati, Sumitra Nayak, Sangeeta Mishra, Bhabani Shankar Panda, Suravi Susmita Mahala, Sarat Kumar Mohanty, Rajaram Behera, Niranjan Mallick, Kailasam Murugesan","doi":"10.1007/s43832-023-00044-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-023-00044-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study focuses on the environmental conditions of the Mahanadi Estuary near Paradeep Harbor and the adjacent sea. Data collected from May 2013 to April 2020 from 32 GPS fixed stations was analyzed to assess the water quality in different zones (estuarine, mixed zone, mixed zone south, and mixed zone north) of study area. Parameters such as pH, SST, TSS, nitrite, phosphate, silicate, TOC, chlorophyll, fecal coliform, and heavy metals were used to estimate the Water Quality Index (WQI) for each zone. The study found a deterioration (> 30%) in the overall water quality of the Mahanadi Estuary from 2013 to 2020, potentially attributed to river inflows, port activities, and industrial outflows in to the coastal ecosystem. Seasonal variations in temperature, salinity, turbidity, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia were observed. The water quality showed a deteriorating trend in estuarine, mixed zone, mixed zone south, and mixed zone north. Based on the water quality indices, the ecosystem shows moderate levels of stress. The degraded water quality highlights the need for a targeted mitigation plan to reduce external pressures and enhance the overall ecosystem quality. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":29971,"journal":{"name":"Discover Water","volume":"3 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1007/s43832-023-00043-z
Jonathan Aser Engelvin Seri
Abstract In rural Ivorian communities, women are considered as the guardians of water, undertaking an essential role deeply rooted in local cultural values, ensuring the preservation and management of this vital resource. However, the scarcity of potable water places them under significant pressure, exposing them to heightened risks. Within this context, this study conducted in the Sub-Prefecture of Gboguhé explores the critical link between the cultural values of Bete women and the issue of access to potable water in the region, with a specific focus on the impacts they experience. To achieve this, the study adopts a primarily qualitative approach based on documentary research, direct observations, in-depth semi-structured interviews, and focus groups. The findings reveal that the scarcity of potable water disproportionately affects women in these communities, leading to significant socio-economic consequences. Water points often become scenes of verbal and physical aggression among women, given the difficulties in accessing water in the area, thereby limiting their daily activities and economic participation. Furthermore, they face heightened health risks due to water supply hardships and the consumption of non-potable water from unimproved sources. Additionally, this study offers novel perspectives for transformative actions aimed at addressing the scarcity of potable water, promoting women's social and cultural values, and preserving the essential cultural ties within the Bete communities of Gboguhé and beyond.
{"title":"Women: guardians of water and cultural link amid drinking water scarcity in Gboguhé Sub-Prefecture, Central-West Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"Jonathan Aser Engelvin Seri","doi":"10.1007/s43832-023-00043-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-023-00043-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In rural Ivorian communities, women are considered as the guardians of water, undertaking an essential role deeply rooted in local cultural values, ensuring the preservation and management of this vital resource. However, the scarcity of potable water places them under significant pressure, exposing them to heightened risks. Within this context, this study conducted in the Sub-Prefecture of Gboguhé explores the critical link between the cultural values of Bete women and the issue of access to potable water in the region, with a specific focus on the impacts they experience. To achieve this, the study adopts a primarily qualitative approach based on documentary research, direct observations, in-depth semi-structured interviews, and focus groups. The findings reveal that the scarcity of potable water disproportionately affects women in these communities, leading to significant socio-economic consequences. Water points often become scenes of verbal and physical aggression among women, given the difficulties in accessing water in the area, thereby limiting their daily activities and economic participation. Furthermore, they face heightened health risks due to water supply hardships and the consumption of non-potable water from unimproved sources. Additionally, this study offers novel perspectives for transformative actions aimed at addressing the scarcity of potable water, promoting women's social and cultural values, and preserving the essential cultural ties within the Bete communities of Gboguhé and beyond.","PeriodicalId":29971,"journal":{"name":"Discover Water","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135778635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1007/s43832-023-00042-0
King Kuok Kuok, Po Chan Chiu, Md. Rezaur Rahman, Khairul Anwar bin Mohamad Said, Mei Yun Chin
Abstract Climate change and irresponsible urbanization practices are anticipated to further exacerbate flood risk. The different soil types’ physical, chemical, and biological characteristics significantly impact surface water movement, porosity, permeability, and infiltration potential. Therefore, soil infiltration is perhaps the most challenging and crucial process to characterize on a field scale. Various methods have been developed to measure the infiltration rate empirically and theoretically. However, the relationship between different soil types and infiltration rates in Sarawak remains unknown as no previous study has been conducted. This study uses the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to evaluate the infiltration rates for five different soil types: clay, clay loam, loam, sandy loam, and sand. 30 samples of various types and soil depths were examined at intervals of 0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m, 2.5 m, and 3 m. The study was carried out using a standardized slope of 0.7% and an impervious land of 25% with a catchment size of 2 acres. Extreme rainfall data on the 5th and 6th of December 2021 was input into the infiltration model. Results showed that the difference between initial and final water storage of all the investigated soil depths for clay, clay loam, loam, sandy loam, and sand was found to be 48.42 mm, 51.20 mm, 58.01 mm, 66.96 mm, and 115.54 mm, respectively. The findings demonstrated that clay has the lowest water storage capability, followed by clay loam, loam, and sandy loam. Sand could store a comparatively large amount of rainwater. In contrast, sand has the highest infiltration rate with 2.541 mm/h, followed by sandy loam with 1.835 mm/h, loam with 1.432 mm/h, clay loam with 1.039 mm/h. Clay has the lowest infiltration rate, with 0.852 mm/h. This research concluded that sandy soil could significantly reduce surface runoff and help reduce flood risk in urban regions.
气候变化和不负责任的城市化实践预计将进一步加剧洪水风险。不同土壤类型的物理、化学和生物特性显著影响地表水的运动、孔隙度、渗透率和入渗势。因此，土壤入渗可能是最具挑战性和最关键的过程，在田间尺度上进行表征。各种测量入渗速率的方法已经发展到经验和理论。然而，沙捞越不同土壤类型与入渗率之间的关系仍然未知，因为之前没有进行过研究。本研究使用雨水管理模型(SWMM)来评估五种不同土壤类型的入渗速率:粘土、粘壤土、壤土、砂壤土和沙土。在0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m, 2.5 m和3 m的间隔内检查了30个不同类型和土壤深度的样品。该研究采用0.7%的标准坡度和25%的不透水土地，集水区面积为2英亩。入渗模型输入2021年12月5日和6日的极端降水数据。结果表明:粘土、粘壤土、壤土、砂壤土和砂土的初始和最终储水量差异分别为48.42 mm、51.20 mm、58.01 mm、66.96 mm和115.54 mm;结果表明，粘土的储水能力最低，其次是粘土壤土、壤土和砂壤土。沙子可以储存相对大量的雨水。砂土入渗速率最高，为2.541 mm/h，其次是砂质壤土(1.835 mm/h)、壤土(1.432 mm/h)和粘土壤土(1.039 mm/h)。粘土的入渗速率最低，为0.852 mm/h。研究表明，沙质土壤可以显著减少地表径流，有助于降低城市地区的洪水风险。
{"title":"Evaluation of total infiltration and storage capacities for different soil types in Sarawak using SWMM","authors":"King Kuok Kuok, Po Chan Chiu, Md. Rezaur Rahman, Khairul Anwar bin Mohamad Said, Mei Yun Chin","doi":"10.1007/s43832-023-00042-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-023-00042-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change and irresponsible urbanization practices are anticipated to further exacerbate flood risk. The different soil types’ physical, chemical, and biological characteristics significantly impact surface water movement, porosity, permeability, and infiltration potential. Therefore, soil infiltration is perhaps the most challenging and crucial process to characterize on a field scale. Various methods have been developed to measure the infiltration rate empirically and theoretically. However, the relationship between different soil types and infiltration rates in Sarawak remains unknown as no previous study has been conducted. This study uses the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to evaluate the infiltration rates for five different soil types: clay, clay loam, loam, sandy loam, and sand. 30 samples of various types and soil depths were examined at intervals of 0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m, 2.5 m, and 3 m. The study was carried out using a standardized slope of 0.7% and an impervious land of 25% with a catchment size of 2 acres. Extreme rainfall data on the 5th and 6th of December 2021 was input into the infiltration model. Results showed that the difference between initial and final water storage of all the investigated soil depths for clay, clay loam, loam, sandy loam, and sand was found to be 48.42 mm, 51.20 mm, 58.01 mm, 66.96 mm, and 115.54 mm, respectively. The findings demonstrated that clay has the lowest water storage capability, followed by clay loam, loam, and sandy loam. Sand could store a comparatively large amount of rainwater. In contrast, sand has the highest infiltration rate with 2.541 mm/h, followed by sandy loam with 1.835 mm/h, loam with 1.432 mm/h, clay loam with 1.039 mm/h. Clay has the lowest infiltration rate, with 0.852 mm/h. This research concluded that sandy soil could significantly reduce surface runoff and help reduce flood risk in urban regions.","PeriodicalId":29971,"journal":{"name":"Discover Water","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This bibliographic article on Drought and Water Level examined the relationship between organizations, nations, institutions, authors, references, and publishers. It examined 742 papers from Web of Science at the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology’s. The total annual publication volume of articles was increased steadily from 2012 to 2021, with China and the United States ranking first and second in terms of publication volume and citations but in quality Switzerland and England were top-level. Institutional-partnership analyses indicated disparities in network density and connections, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2012) receiving the highest citations and degrees. The document co-citation analysis (DCA) network was created to improve understanding of the frequency and amplitude of bursts of various publications in separate clusters. The most cited work was J Hydrol (2012), with 302 citations. The analytical tool from CiteSpace collected high-frequency keywords and performed co-occurrence, grouping, and emerging word recognition. Gorges Dam is the most crowded cluster, followed by drought stress. The greatest burst duration and most significant phrase is reservoir (2019), followed by “water quality,” which has a 5 year burst period. Estuaries perform important functions such as water purification and coastal. “Reservoir, water quality, restoration, phytoplankton, temperature, wetland, time series, diversity and carbon dioxide” are the most important terms, while “climate change, drought, water level, impact, growth, variability, response, dynamics, management and model” are the most frequently used keywords. In terms of citations, references, and academic influence, Zhang Q. (2012), the R Core team (2014), and Jappen E. (2015) were the top three contributors. Cook, ER (2013), and Allen, R.G. (2019) ranked first and second in terms of frequency, respectively. In this review work, significant information gaps were discovered in the areas of microbiological dynamics, environmental variables, fen peat incubation, lake water, drought risk reduction, biological ecology, lake acidification, salinity variations, and attribution. Future researchers should focus on these and similar topics, while Chinese and USA authors should concentrate on article quality rather than publishing numbers.
{"title":"Bibliographic review on drought and water level articles","authors":"Kemal Adem Abdela, Aragaw Fantabil, Dereba Muleta, Tamirat Yohannes, Kazora Jonah","doi":"10.1007/s43832-023-00038-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-023-00038-w","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This bibliographic article on Drought and Water Level examined the relationship between organizations, nations, institutions, authors, references, and publishers. It examined 742 papers from Web of Science at the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology’s. The total annual publication volume of articles was increased steadily from 2012 to 2021, with China and the United States ranking first and second in terms of publication volume and citations but in quality Switzerland and England were top-level. Institutional-partnership analyses indicated disparities in network density and connections, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2012) receiving the highest citations and degrees. The document co-citation analysis (DCA) network was created to improve understanding of the frequency and amplitude of bursts of various publications in separate clusters. The most cited work was J Hydrol (2012), with 302 citations. The analytical tool from CiteSpace collected high-frequency keywords and performed co-occurrence, grouping, and emerging word recognition. Gorges Dam is the most crowded cluster, followed by drought stress. The greatest burst duration and most significant phrase is reservoir (2019), followed by “water quality,” which has a 5 year burst period. Estuaries perform important functions such as water purification and coastal. “Reservoir, water quality, restoration, phytoplankton, temperature, wetland, time series, diversity and carbon dioxide” are the most important terms, while “climate change, drought, water level, impact, growth, variability, response, dynamics, management and model” are the most frequently used keywords. In terms of citations, references, and academic influence, Zhang Q. (2012), the R Core team (2014), and Jappen E. (2015) were the top three contributors. Cook, ER (2013), and Allen, R.G. (2019) ranked first and second in terms of frequency, respectively. In this review work, significant information gaps were discovered in the areas of microbiological dynamics, environmental variables, fen peat incubation, lake water, drought risk reduction, biological ecology, lake acidification, salinity variations, and attribution. Future researchers should focus on these and similar topics, while Chinese and USA authors should concentrate on article quality rather than publishing numbers.","PeriodicalId":29971,"journal":{"name":"Discover Water","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136136078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.1007/s43832-023-00040-2
J. Teixeira, H. Chaminé, José Martins Carvalho, Augusto Pérez-Alberti, Fernando Rocha
{"title":"Insights from a comparative GIS-MCDA groundwater vulnerability assessment in a granitic and metasedimentary fractured rock media","authors":"J. Teixeira, H. Chaminé, José Martins Carvalho, Augusto Pérez-Alberti, Fernando Rocha","doi":"10.1007/s43832-023-00040-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-023-00040-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29971,"journal":{"name":"Discover Water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43131197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1007/s43832-023-00041-1
J. Nyika, M. Dinka
{"title":"Factors and mechanisms regulating heavy metal phycoremediation in polluted water","authors":"J. Nyika, M. Dinka","doi":"10.1007/s43832-023-00041-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-023-00041-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29971,"journal":{"name":"Discover Water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47316078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1007/s43832-023-00039-9
Musaab A. A. Mohammed, Abdelrhim Eltijani, N. Szabó, P. Szűcs
{"title":"Hydro-chemometrics of the Nubian Aquifer in Sudan: an integration of groundwater quality index, multivariate statistics, and human health risk assessment","authors":"Musaab A. A. Mohammed, Abdelrhim Eltijani, N. Szabó, P. Szűcs","doi":"10.1007/s43832-023-00039-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-023-00039-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29971,"journal":{"name":"Discover Water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49521300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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