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Bug Breakfast in the Bulletin: invasive pneumococcal disease. 通报中的虫子早餐:侵袭性肺炎球菌病。
Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12117
Praveena J Gunaratnam, Robin E Gilmour, Chris Lowbridge, Peter B McIntyre
Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae and is a major cause of illness in children and adults worldwide. The bacterium is transmitted between people via respiratory droplets. Many people carry S. pneumoniae harmlessly in their throats but the bacterium occasionally spreads from the upper respiratory tract to other parts of the respiratory tract to cause non-invasive disease (including otitis media) or enters the bloodstream to cause invasive disease (including pneumonia, meningitis or septicaemia). In Australia, only invasive disease is notifiable under public health law.
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引用次数: 7
Communicable Diseases Report, NSW, April-June 2013. 传染病报告,新南威尔士州,2013年4月至6月。
Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB13013
Communicable Diseases Branch
Enteric infections Outbreaks of suspected foodborne disease There were 11 outbreaks of foodborne or suspected foodborne disease investigated by NSW Public Health Units (PHUs) in the second quarter of 2013. Three outbreaks were due to Salmonella Typhimurium, one was due to S. Zanzibar, one was due to Listeria monocytogenes, and one was due to norovirus. The remaining five outbreaks were due to unknown pathogens.
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引用次数: 1
Oral health promotion in NSW. 在新南威尔士州促进口腔健康。
Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12107
Jennifer M Noller, John C Skinner, Anthony S Blinkhorn, Greer M Dawson
A healthy mouth is essential for general health and wellbeing, enabling individuals to communicate effectively, and to eat and enjoy a variety of foods. It is important for overall quality of life, self-esteem and social confidence. The cost of oral disease to individuals and society extends beyond the oral health burden alone; there is, for example, lost productivity due to absenteeism fromwork and school, and reduced quality of life.
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引用次数: 0
An evaluation of dental information sessions provided to childcare educators in NSW in 2010-2011. 2010-2011年向新南威尔士州儿童保育教育工作者提供牙科信息会议的评估。
Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12092
Jennifer M Noller

Childcare services provide ideal settings to promote good oral health and help reduce tooth decay in young children. This paper reports the results of an evaluation of the dental information session component of the NSW Little Smiles Program provided by public oral health service professionals to childcare educators in NSW in 2010-2011. The evaluation sought to determine if a face-to-face information session provided to childcare educators by oral health professionals: (i) can improve the confidence of childcare educators to reach national quality standards that relate to oral health; and (ii) is an appropriate model to use. In 2010-2011, 163 dental information sessions were provided to 1716 participants from over 526 childcare centres across NSW. Results showed that a dental information session can improve the confidence of childcare educators to assist their service to reach the required national quality standards for oral hygiene and diet-related oral health issues. Further evaluation is required to determine if oral health can be embedded in the daily practice of childcare services and other options need to be explored to deliver the sessions in a more cost-effective way.

托儿服务提供理想的环境,促进幼儿的口腔健康和减少蛀牙。本文报告了2010-2011年新南威尔士州公共口腔卫生服务专业人员向儿童保育教育工作者提供的新南威尔士州小微笑计划牙科信息部分的评估结果。评估旨在确定口腔卫生专业人员向儿童保育教育工作者提供的面对面信息会议是否:(i)可以提高儿童保育教育工作者达到与口腔卫生有关的国家质量标准的信心;(ii)是一个合适的模型。2010-2011年,向新南威尔士州526个托儿中心的1716名参与者提供了163次牙科信息会议。结果显示,牙科知识讲座可以提高幼儿教育工作者的信心,帮助他们的服务达到口腔卫生和饮食相关口腔健康问题的国家质量标准。需要进行进一步评估,以确定是否可以将口腔健康纳入儿童保育服务的日常实践,并需要探索其他选择,以更具成本效益的方式提供这些课程。
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引用次数: 1
Year in review: health protection in NSW, 2012. 回顾年度:2012年新南威尔士州的健康保护。
Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB13009
Health Protection Nsw
Health protection involves the prevention and control of threats to health from communicable diseases and the environment. In New South Wales (NSW) in 2012 these functions were carried out by a range of groups, among them Health Protection NSW’s Communicable Diseases and Environmental Health Branches, the NSW Ministry of Health’s Population and Public Health Division, Public HealthUnits, clinicians, LocalHealthDistrict services, local government, other government agencies, and communities.
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引用次数: 3
EpiReview: Meningococcal disease in NSW, 1991-2011: trends in relation to meningococcal C vaccination. EpiReview: 1991-2011年新南威尔士州脑膜炎球菌病:与脑膜炎球菌C疫苗接种有关的趋势。
Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12121
Erin Passmore, Mark J Ferson, Sean Tobin

Aim: To review the epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in NSW for the period 1991-2011, in particular since the introduction of the meningococcal C vaccination program in 2003.

Methods: We undertook a descriptive analysis of NSW notifications of invasive meningococcal disease for the period 2003-2011, and explored long-term changes in the epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease over the period 1991-2011.

Results: In the period 2003-2011, there were 1009 notifications of invasive meningococcal disease in NSW, an average annual rate of 1.6 per 100000 population. Notification rates were highest in the 0-4 and 15-19-year age groups (8.5 and 3.6 per 100000 population respectively). In the period 1991-2011, invasive meningococcal disease notifications increased between 1991 and 2000, peaking at 3.8 notifications per 100000 population in 2000. Notifications have decreased since that time to 1.0 per 100000 population in 2011, most markedly for serogroup C disease since the introduction of the meningococcal C vaccination program in 2003. Meningococcal C notifications reduced from 54 in 2002 (0.8 per 100000 population) to two in 2011 (0.03 per 100000 population). Meningococcal C deaths have also decreased, from nine in 2002 to zero in 2011. The greatest reduction in meningococcal C notifications has been in those aged 1-19 years, the target group for the vaccination program. Meningococcal B notifications have also decreased over the study period, however serogroup B remains the predominant serogroup for invasive meningococcal disease in NSW.

Conclusion: Notification rates of invasive meningococcal disease have decreased in NSW since 2000. Rates of serogroup C disease have decreased since the introduction of the meningococcal C vaccination program in 2003. Most of the burden of invasive meningococcal disease in NSW is now due to serogroup B disease.

目的:回顾1991-2011年期间新南威尔士州侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病的流行病学,特别是自2003年引入脑膜炎球菌C疫苗接种计划以来。方法:对2003-2011年新南威尔士州侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病报告进行描述性分析,探讨1991-2011年侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病流行病学的长期变化。结果:2003-2011年期间,新南威尔士州有1009例侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病报告,平均年发病率为每10万人1.6例。通报率最高的是0-4岁和15-19岁年龄组(分别为每10万人8.5人和3.6人)。1991年至2011年期间,侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病通报率在1991年至2000年期间有所增加,2000年达到每10万人3.8例通报率的峰值。自那时以来,通报率已下降至2011年的每10万人1.0例,自2003年引入C型脑膜炎球菌疫苗接种规划以来,C血清群疾病的通报率最为显著。C型脑膜炎球菌通报从2002年的54例(每10万人0.8例)减少到2011年的2例(每10万人0.03例)。C型脑膜炎球菌死亡人数也有所减少,从2002年的9人降至2011年的零人。C型脑膜炎球菌通报减少最多的是1-19岁年龄组,即疫苗接种规划的目标群体。在研究期间,乙型脑膜炎球菌报告也有所减少,但乙型血清组仍然是新南威尔士州侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病的主要血清组。结论:自2000年以来,新南威尔士州侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病的通报率有所下降。自2003年引入C型脑膜炎球菌疫苗接种规划以来,血清C群疾病的发病率有所下降。新南威尔士州侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病的大部分负担现在是由于血清B群疾病。
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引用次数: 3
Are pregnancy outcomes associated with risk factor reporting in routinely collected perinatal data? 在常规收集的围产期数据中,妊娠结局与危险因素报告是否相关?
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12116
Amanda J Ampt, Jane B Ford, Lee K Taylor, Christine L Roberts

Aim: To assess reporting characteristics of commonly dichotomised pregnancy outcomes (e.g. preterm/term birth); and to investigate whether behaviours (e.g. smoking), medical conditions (e.g. diabetes) or interventions (e.g. induction) were reported differently by pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: Further analysis of a previous validation study was undertaken, in which 1680 perinatal records were compared with data extracted from medical records. Continuous and polytomous variables were dichotomised, and risk factor reporting was assessed within the dichotomised outcome groups. Agreement, kappa, sensitivity and positive predictive value calculations were undertaken.

Results: Gestational age, birthweight, Apgar scores, perineal trauma, regional analgesia and baby discharge status (live birth/stillbirth) were reported with high accuracy and reliability when dichotomised (kappa values 0.95-1.00, sensitivities 94.7-100.0%). Although not statistically significant, there were trends for hypertension, infant resuscitation and instrumental birth to be more accurately reported among births with adverse outcomes. In contrast, smoking ascertainment tended to be poorer among preterm births and when babies were <2500 g.

Conclusion: Dichotomising variables collected as continuous or polytomous variables in birth data results in accurate and well ascertained data items. There is no evidence of systematic differential reporting of risk factors.

目的:评估常见的二分类妊娠结局(如早产/足月分娩)的报告特征;并调查行为(如吸烟)、医疗条件(如糖尿病)或干预措施(如诱导)是否因怀孕结果而有所不同。方法:对先前的一项验证研究进行进一步分析,其中1680例围产期记录与从医疗记录中提取的数据进行比较。对连续变量和多变量进行二分类,并在二分类结果组中评估风险因素报告。进行一致性、kappa、敏感性和阳性预测值计算。结果:胎龄、出生体重、Apgar评分、会阴创伤、局部镇痛和婴儿出院情况(活产/死产)在二分类时具有较高的准确性和可靠性(kappa值0.95 ~ 1.00,敏感性94.7 ~ 100.0%)。虽然没有统计学上的显著性,但高血压、婴儿复苏和器械分娩的趋势在不良结局的出生中被更准确地报道。结论:将出生数据中作为连续变量或多变量收集的二分类变量导致准确和充分确定的数据项。没有证据表明危险因素有系统的差异报告。
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引用次数: 14
Environmentally sustainable health care: using an educational intervention to engage the public health medical workforce in Australia. 环境上可持续的保健:利用教育干预措施使澳大利亚的公共卫生医务人员参与进来。
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12097
Kate E Charlesworth, D Lynne Madden, Anthony G Capon

Unlabelled: Awareness of the benefits of environmentally sustainable health care is growing. In the United Kingdom in 2010, an educational intervention on sustainable health care was successfully delivered to public health registrars. We conducted a feasibility study to test the intervention in Australia.

Methods: The intervention consisted of a 1-day workshop delivered face-to-face covering climate change, sustainability and health. The workshop was modified, piloted and then delivered to 33 health professionals. Modifications included using Australian resources, introducing active learning exercises and including guest speakers. Delivery by videoconference was trialled. Outcomes were assessed in three areas - awareness, advocacy and action - using questionnaires and follow-up telephone interviews.

Results: There were improvements in participants' mean awareness and advocacy scores. All participants rated sustainability as 'important' for health professionals and many looked to their professional organisation to take a lead advocacy role on this issue.

Discussion: This study demonstrated that the workshop is feasible for use in Australia; the modifications and delivery by videoconference were well received.

未标明:人们日益认识到环境可持续保健的好处。2010年,联合王国成功地向公共卫生登记员提供了关于可持续保健的教育干预。我们在澳大利亚进行了一项可行性研究,以测试干预措施。方法:干预包括为期1天的面对面研讨会,内容涉及气候变化、可持续性和健康。讲习班经过修改、试点,然后交付给33名保健专业人员。修改包括使用澳大利亚资源、引入主动学习练习和邀请演讲嘉宾。通过视频会议进行了试验。通过问卷调查和后续电话访谈,评估了三个方面的结果——意识、宣传和行动。结果:参与者的平均意识和倡导得分有所提高。所有参与者都认为可持续性对卫生专业人员来说是“重要的”,许多人希望他们的专业组织在这个问题上发挥带头倡导作用。讨论:本研究表明,该车间在澳大利亚是可行的;通过视频会议进行的修改和交付受到了好评。
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引用次数: 8
Challenges in the use of tests to diagnose tuberculosis infection. 使用检测方法诊断结核感染方面的挑战。
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB13012c
Claudia C Dobler
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引用次数: 2
The health of Hunter Valley communities in proximity to coal mining and power generation, general practice data, 1998-2010. 猎人谷煤矿和发电厂附近社区的健康状况,一般实践数据,1998-2010年。
Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12109
Tony D Merritt, Michelle A Cretikos, Wayne Smith, David N Durrheim

Aim: An analysis of general practice data for rural communities in close proximity to coal mining and coal-fired power generation in the Hunter Valley region of NSW was conducted to identify unusual patterns of illness.

Methods: Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health general practice consultation data from the Hunter Valley region for 1998-2010 were compared with data from all other rural NSW residents.

Results: There were no significantly higher rates of problems managed or medications prescribed for Hunter Valley region residents compared with the rest of rural NSW. Rates of respiratory problem management in the Hunter Valley region did not change significantly over time, while for all other rural NSW areas these rates significantly decreased.

Conclusion: There was no evidence of significantly elevated health issues for residents in the Hunter Valley region of NSW. The diverging trend for respiratory problem management over time is worthy of further exploration.

目的:对新南威尔士州猎人谷地区靠近煤矿和燃煤发电的农村社区的一般实践数据进行了分析,以确定不寻常的疾病模式。方法:将猎人谷地区1998-2010年的全科医生咨询数据与新南威尔士州所有其他农村居民的数据进行比较。结果:与新南威尔士州其他农村地区相比,猎人谷地区居民的问题管理或药物处方率没有显着提高。随着时间的推移,猎人谷地区的呼吸问题管理率没有显著变化,而新南威尔士州所有其他农村地区的呼吸问题管理率显著下降。结论:没有证据表明新南威尔士州猎人谷地区居民的健康问题显著升高。随着时间的推移,呼吸问题管理的分化趋势值得进一步探讨。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
NSW Public Health Bulletin
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