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Sample size calculations for the design of health studies: a review of key concepts for non-statisticians. 健康研究设计中的样本量计算:面向非统计人员的关键概念回顾。
Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB11017
Alistair Merrifield, Wayne Smith

Sample size calculations before conducting a health study or clinical trial are important to provide evidence that the proposed study is capable of detecting real associations between study factors. This review aims to clarify statistical issues related to the calculation of sample sizes and is illustrated with an example of a recent study design to improve health outcomes related to water and sewage in NSW Aboriginal communities. The effect of power, significance level and effect size on sample size are discussed. Calculations of sample sizes for individual-based studies are modified for more complex trial designs by multiplying individual-based estimates by an inflationary factor.

在开展健康研究或临床试验之前,样本量的计算非常重要,它可以证明所提议的研究能够检测出研究因素之间的真实关联。本综述旨在阐明与样本量计算有关的统计问题,并以最近一项旨在改善新南威尔士原住民社区与水和污水有关的健康状况的研究设计为例进行说明。研究还讨论了功率、显著性水平和效应大小对样本量的影响。通过将基于个体的估计值乘以通货膨胀系数,对基于个体的研究样本大小的计算进行了修改,以适应更复杂的试验设计。
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引用次数: 0
Communicable diseases report, NSW, May and June 2012. 传染病报告,新南威尔士州,2012年5月和6月。
Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12101
Typhoid is caused by the bacteria Salmonella Typhi and is transmitted by the faecal-oral route, primarily by ingesting food or water contaminated by faeces or urine. The symptoms of typhoid fever may include fever, headache, general discomfort and lack of appetite; a dry cough and constipation or diarrhoea may also occur. Typhoid infections in NSW are usually acquired while people are travelling overseas to countries where they may ingest contaminated water or food.
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引用次数: 0
Bug breakfast in the bulletin: rapid health assessments. 公告中的虫子早餐:快速健康评估。
Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12088
Nicola S Scott, Michelle A Cretikos, Matthew Cleary
Rapid health assessments (RHAs) are used during an emergency response to gather information about the health status and needs of an affected population. They are a systematic way of collecting information in a complex emergency situation, with the information gathered assisting in planning, directing and implementing an appropriate response. RHAs provide decision makers and partner agencies with a rapid insight into the health needs of an affected population.
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引用次数: 0
Bug breakfast in the bulletin: One Health and Hendra virus: a collaborative approach in action. 通报中的虫子早餐:同一个健康和亨德拉病毒:行动中的合作方法。
Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12079
Belinda Crawford, Ian Roth, Tiggy Grillo
The One Health initiative (http://www.onehealthinitiative. com/) encompasses the health of humans, animals and the environment, recognising the indivisible interconnections that exist between these domains. As over 60% of emerging and re-emerging diseases are transmitted from animals to humans (zoonoses), theOneHealth initiative has significant potential to reduce the global health threat caused by infectious diseases.
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引用次数: 5
How can we do things differently in Aboriginal health? The same challenges seen through new eyes. 我们如何才能以不同的方式开展原住民健康工作?用新眼光看待同样的挑战。
Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12074
Carmen Parter, Kim Browne
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引用次数: 0
Successful partnerships are the key to improving Aboriginal health. 成功的伙伴关系是改善原住民健康的关键。
Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB11057
Sandra Bailey, Jennifer Hunt

Partnership is a process that must be recognised as a fundamental part of any strategy for improving health outcomes for Aboriginal people. Addressing the inequities in health outcomes between Aboriginal people and other Australians will require a sustained, coordinated and well-informed approach that works to a set of goals and targets developed with input from the Aboriginal community. Partnerships provide the most effective mechanism for obtaining this essential input from Aboriginal communities and their representative organisations, enabling Aboriginal people to have an influence at all stages of the health-care process. Within the health sector, effective partnerships harness the efforts of governments and the expertise of Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services, which offer the most effective means of delivering comprehensive primary health care to Aboriginal people.

必须认识到,伙伴关系是任何改善原住民健康成果战略的基本组成部分。要解决原住民与其他澳大利亚人在健康成果方面的不平等问题,就必须采取持续、协调和充分知情的方法,根据原住民社区的意见制定一套目标和指标。合作伙伴关系提供了从原住民社区及其代表组织获得这种重要投入的最有效机制,使原住民能够在医疗保健过程的各个阶段发挥影响力。在卫生部门,有效的伙伴关系可以利用政府的努力和原住民社区控制的卫生服务机构的专业知识,这为向原住民提供全面的初级卫生保健服务提供了最有效的手段。
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引用次数: 0
Developing an Aboriginal Health Plan for NSW: the consultation process. 制定新南威尔士州土著居民健康计划:咨询过程。
Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12058
Carmen Parter, Leigh Gassner, Stephen Atkinson, Claire McKendrick

In partnership with the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of NSW (AH&MRC), the NSW Ministry of Health is developing a 10-year Aboriginal Health Plan for NSW. Recent reports have highlighted the need for significant systemic and structural change, coupled with genuine engagement with Aboriginal people. A whole health-system approach has been adopted and is examining all the interdependent and influencing elements that impede or facilitate effective health outcomes for Aboriginal people. The collaboration will develop a new strategic framework that will provide clear direction concerning how we address Aboriginal health in NSW. We have done this by seeking genuine engagement and partnership with Aboriginal people, organisations and communities. A phased approach has been used to develop the Plan. This paper describes the first phase of a two-phased approach. A discussion paper was released on National Close the Gap Day, 22 March 2012.

新南威尔士州卫生部与新南威尔士州原住民健康与医学研究委员会(AH&MRC)合作,正在制定一项为期 10 年的新南威尔士州原住民健康计划。近期的报告强调,有必要进行重大的系统性和结构性改革,同时让原住民真正参与进来。该计划采用了一种整体健康系统方法,并正在研究阻碍或促进土著居民取得有效健康成果的所有相互依存和影响因素。这项合作将制定一个新的战略框架,为我们如何解决新南威尔士州原住民健康问题提供明确的方向。为此,我们寻求原住民、组织和社区的真正参与和合作。我们采用分阶段的方法来制定该计划。本文件介绍了两阶段方法中的第一阶段。在 2012 年 3 月 22 日的 "全国缩小差距日"(National Close the Gap Day)上发布了一份讨论文件。
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引用次数: 0
The chronic care service enhancement program. 慢性病护理服务强化计划。
Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12067c
Maurice Terare, Catriona McDonnell, Geraldine Wilson
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引用次数: 0
The Chronic Care for Aboriginal People program in NSW. 新南威尔士州原住民慢性病护理计划。
Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12065
Raylene Gordon, Natalie Richards

Aboriginal people living in NSW continue to experience greater health risks, poorer health and shorter life expectancies than non-Aboriginal Australians. The NSW Health-funded program, Chronic Care for Aboriginal People, was established from existing initiatives to rethink the way chronic care services were delivered to Aboriginal people in NSW. Refocusing and building on existing projects led to NSW Health providing an evidence base of what was working in Aboriginal communities. A model of care for Aboriginal people with chronic disease has been developed. Recommendations from two evaluations have allowed further improvement for the delivery of chronic care services for Aboriginal people. The Local Health District Service Agreements include relevant indicators and strategic priorities relating to the chronic care program.

与非原住民澳大利亚人相比,生活在新南威尔士州的原住民仍然面临着更大的健康风险、更差的健康状况和更短的预期寿命。新南威尔士州卫生部资助的 "原住民慢性病护理 "计划是在现有倡议的基础上建立起来的,旨在重新思考为新南威尔士州原住民提供慢性病护理服务的方式。新南威尔士州卫生部在现有项目的基础上重新调整了重点,并提供了在原住民社区行之有效的证据基础。为患有慢性疾病的原住民开发了一种护理模式。根据两次评估提出的建议,进一步改进了为原住民提供的慢性病护理服务。地方卫生区服务协议包括与慢性病护理计划相关的指标和战略重点。
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引用次数: 0
Reporting of Aboriginal people in health data collections in NSW. 新南威尔士州健康数据收集中的原住民报告。
Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12067f
Louise Maher, Caroline Turnour, Jessica Stewart
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引用次数: 0
期刊
NSW Public Health Bulletin
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