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NSW annual immunisation coverage report, 2011. 2011年新南威尔士州年度免疫覆盖率报告。
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12084
Brynley Hull, Aditi Dey, Sue Campbell-Lloyd, Robert I Menzies, Peter B McIntyre

Unlabelled: This annual report, the third in the series, documents trends in immunisation coverage in NSW for children, adolescents and the elderly, to the end of 2011.

Methods: Data from the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register, the NSW School Immunisation Program and the NSW Population Health Survey were used to calculate various measures of population coverage.

Results: During 2011, greater than 90% coverage was maintained for children at 12 and 24 months of age. For children at 5 years of age the improvement seen in 2010 was sustained, with coverage at or near 90%. For adolescents, there was improved coverage for all doses of human papillomavirus vaccine, both doses of hepatitis B vaccine, varicella vaccine and the dose of diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis given to school attendees in Years 7 and 10. Pneumococcal vaccination coverage in the elderly has been steadily rising, although it has remained lower than the influenza coverage estimates.

Conclusion: This report provides trends in immunisation coverage in NSW across the age spectrum. The inclusion of coverage estimates for the pneumococcal conjugate, varicella and meningococcal C vaccines in the official coverage assessments for 'fully immunised' in 2013 is a welcome initiative.

未标记:本年度报告是系列报告中的第三份,记录了截至2011年底新南威尔士州儿童、青少年和老年人免疫接种覆盖率的趋势。方法:使用来自澳大利亚儿童免疫登记、新南威尔士州学校免疫计划和新南威尔士州人口健康调查的数据来计算人口覆盖率的各种措施。结果:2011年12月龄和24月龄儿童的覆盖率保持在90%以上。对于5岁儿童,2010年所见的改善得以持续,覆盖率达到或接近90%。在青少年方面,七年级和十年级学生接种的所有剂量人乳头瘤病毒疫苗、乙型肝炎疫苗、水痘疫苗以及白喉、破伤风和无细胞百日咳疫苗的覆盖率有所提高。老年人的肺炎球菌疫苗接种率一直在稳步上升,尽管仍低于流感疫苗接种率估计数。结论:本报告提供了新南威尔士州跨年龄范围免疫接种覆盖率的趋势。将肺炎球菌结合疫苗、水痘疫苗和C型脑膜炎球菌疫苗的覆盖率估计纳入2013年“完全免疫”的官方覆盖率评估是一项受欢迎的举措。
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引用次数: 9
Factsheet: measles. 字幕新闻:麻疹。
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12112
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引用次数: 2
EpiReview: Measles in NSW, 2002-2011. EpiReview: 2002-2011年新南威尔士州麻疹。
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12085
Alexander Rosewell, Tracie Reinten-Reynolds, Paula J Spokes

Measles has been eliminated in NSW for more than a decade; however outbreaks associated with international travel do occur. This EpiReview describes the epidemiology of measles in NSW from 2002-2011. A total of 281 cases of measles were notified during the period, an average annual notification rate of 0.41 notifications per 100 000 population (range: 0.06-1.25). There were 139 hospitalisations recorded with a measles diagnosis in the 10-year reporting period, corresponding to a rate of 0.20 hospitalisations per 100 000 population. Of the 80 measles virus specimens genotyped, five genotypes were identified: D9 (38%), D8 (24%), D4 (16%), D5 (14%) with H1 identified less frequently (9%). No single genotype was associated with local transmission across successive years. To sustain good measles control, children should be vaccinated against measles on time through routine childhood immunisation, and all young adults who travel internationally should be vaccinated. Clinician awareness remains important in the early identification and control of measles to avoid further transmission during outbreaks and to enable the timely implementation of public health measures.

麻疹在新南威尔士州已经消灭了十多年;然而,与国际旅行有关的疫情确实会发生。这篇EpiReview描述了2002-2011年新南威尔士州麻疹的流行病学。在此期间,共通报了281例麻疹病例,平均每年通报率为每10万人0.41例(范围:0.06-1.25)。在本报告所述的10年期间,有139人因麻疹诊断而住院,相当于每10万人中有0.20人住院。在80份麻疹病毒标本中,鉴定出5种基因型:D9(38%)、D8(24%)、D4(16%)、D5(14%),其中H1基因型较少(9%)。没有单一基因型与连续数年的本地传播相关。为了保持良好的麻疹控制,应通过常规儿童免疫及时为儿童接种麻疹疫苗,并应为所有出国旅行的年轻人接种疫苗。临床医生的认识对于早期发现和控制麻疹,以避免在疫情期间进一步传播和及时实施公共卫生措施仍然很重要。
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引用次数: 7
NSW annual report describing adverse events following immunisation, 2011. 描述免疫接种后不良事件的新南威尔士州年度报告,2011年。
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12081
Deepika Mahajan, Su Reid, Jane Cook, Kristine Macartney, Robert I Menzies

Aim: This report summarises Australian passive surveillance data for adverse events following immunisation in NSW for 2011.

Methods: Analysis of de-identified information on all adverse events following immunisation reported to the Therapeutic Goods Administration.

Results: 449 adverse events following immunisation were reported for vaccines administered in 2011; this is slightly higher than in 2010 (n=439) and the second highest number since 2003. The most commonly reported reactions were injection site reaction, fever, allergic reaction and malaise. A large number of injection site reactions were reported following administration of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in adults aged 65 years and over (97.4/100000 doses) and in children aged less than 7 years following administration of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (29.4/100000 doses) and combined diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (acellular) and inactivated poliovirus (quadrivalent)-containing vaccines (47.1/100000 doses). Only 10% of the reported adverse events were categorised as serious. There were two reports of death however both were attributed to causes other than vaccination.

Conclusion: The increased number of reports in 2011 is attributable to the high rates of injection site reactions in children associated with the administration of combined diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (acellular) and inactivated poliovirus (quadrivalent)-containing vaccines and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, as well as in adults following receipt of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.

目的:本报告总结了澳大利亚新南威尔士州2011年免疫接种后不良事件的被动监测数据。方法:分析向药品管理局报告的免疫接种后所有不良事件的去识别信息。结果:2011年报告了449例接种疫苗后免疫不良事件;这一数字略高于2010年(n=439),是2003年以来第二高的数字。最常见的反应是注射部位反应、发热、过敏反应和不适。在65岁及以上的成年人(97.4/100000剂)和7岁以下的儿童(47.1/100000剂)接种了13价肺炎球菌结合疫苗(29.4/100000剂)和白喉、破伤风、百日咳(无细胞)和灭活脊髓灰质炎病毒(四价)联合疫苗(47.1/100000剂)后,报告了大量注射部位反应。报告的不良事件中只有10%被归类为严重。有两份死亡报告,但都归因于接种疫苗以外的原因。结论:2011年报告数量的增加是由于儿童注射部位反应的高发率与接种白喉、破伤风、百日咳(无细胞)和灭活脊髓灰质炎病毒(四价)联合疫苗和13价肺炎球菌结合疫苗有关,以及在接受23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗后的成人注射部位反应。
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引用次数: 5
NSW Annual vaccine-preventable disease report, 2011. 2011年新南威尔士州疫苗可预防疾病年度报告。
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12086
Alexander Rosewell, Paula J Spokes, Robin E Gilmour

Aim: To describe the epidemiology of selected vaccine-preventable diseases in NSW for 2011.

Methods: Data from the NSW Notifiable Conditions Information Management System were analysed by: local health district of residence, age, Aboriginality, vaccination status, and organism, where available. Risk factor and vaccination status data were collected by public health units for case-patients following notification under the NSW Public Health Act 1991*.

Results: Outbreaks of measles and pertussis were reported in 2011, associated with unimmunised groups for measles, and a variety of factors for pertussis. Notification rates for other selected vaccine-preventable diseases remained stable.

Conclusion: Vaccine-preventable diseases are generally well controlled in NSW. However, pertussis remains an important public health issue. To prevent measles high population vaccination coverage, including vaccination in risk groups, is essential.

目的:描述2011年新南威尔士州选定疫苗可预防疾病的流行病学。方法:来自新南威尔士州应通报条件信息管理系统的数据按居住地、年龄、土著、疫苗接种状况和生物体(如有)进行分析。根据1991年新南威尔士州公共卫生法*的通知,公共卫生单位收集了病例患者的风险因素和疫苗接种状况数据。结果:2011年报告了麻疹和百日咳的暴发,与未接种麻疹疫苗的人群和百日咳的各种因素有关。其他选定的疫苗可预防疾病的通报率保持稳定。结论:新南威尔士州疫苗可预防疾病总体上得到了较好的控制。然而,百日咳仍然是一个重要的公共卫生问题。为预防麻疹,高人口疫苗接种覆盖率,包括在危险群体中接种疫苗至关重要。
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引用次数: 6
Communicable Diseases Report, NSW, July and August 2012. 传染病报告,新南威尔士州,2012年7月和8月。
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12114
Enteric infections Outbreaks of suspected foodborne disease Two of the nine complaints received by the NSW Food Authority about suspected foodborne disease in July and August 2012 were thought to be related to consumption of contaminated food. July and August was however a period of high levels of viral gastrointestinal disease in the community and most reports of suspected foodborne gastrointestinal illness in this period were, upon investigation, thought to be cases of viral gastrointestinal disease spread person-to-person.
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引用次数: 0
HealthStats in the bulletin: overweight and obesity are common in rich and poor. 公报中的健康统计:超重和肥胖在富人和穷人中都很常见。
Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12104
A key performance indicator for the NSW health system is the prevalence of ‘overweight or obesity’ in the population. The amalgamation of the two categories of ‘obese’ and ‘overweight’ in this indicator masks differing trends in these individual categories over time. For the entire NSW population, the total category of ‘overweight or obese’ increased by 11.1% between 1997 and 2011. The increase for the ‘obese’ category alone was however 8.5% over this period and ‘overweight’ alone was 2.6%. The above figures compare these trends in the highest socioeconomic status (SES) (least disadvantaged) quintile (Figure 1) and the lowest SES (most disadvantaged) quintile (Figure 2). These figures show that, while the rate of increase of total ‘overweight and obesity’ between 1997 and 2011 is similar in the two groups, the rate of increase for the ‘obese’ category alonewas higher in the low SES group compared to the high SES group over this period. The prevalence of ‘obesity’ alone increased from 7.2% to 12.7% between 1997 and 2011 for the high SES category (a 5.5% increase overall) and from 13.7% to 23.8% over the same period for the low SES group (10.1% overall).
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引用次数: 1
Year in review: health protection in NSW, 2011. 年度回顾:2011 年新南威尔士州的健康保护。
Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB12073
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引用次数: 0
Trends and risk factors for hepatitis A in NSW, 2000-2009: the trouble with travel. 2000-2009年新南威尔士州甲型肝炎的趋势和危险因素:旅行带来的麻烦。
Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB11036
Evan Freeman, Siranda Torvaldsen, Sean Tobin, Glenda Lawrence, C Raina MacIntyre

Aim: To analyse trends in hepatitis A notifications and information on exposure to risk factors, in particular international travel, collected through routine surveillance in NSW.

Methods: Hepatitis A notification data for the period 2000-2009 were extracted from the Notifiable Diseases Database and analysed by age group, gender, area of residence and exposure risk factors, including travel, food eaten and contact with other possible infectious cases.

Results: The notification rate for hepatitis A in NSW fell from 3.0 cases per 100000 population in 2000 to 1.4 cases per 100000 population in 2009. Notification rates were highest among people aged 20-24 years and residents of metropolitan Sydney. Travel to a country where hepatitis A is endemic was a risk exposure identified in 43% of cases.

Conclusion: International travel to highly endemic countries continues to be the most common risk factor for hepatitis A infection notified in NSW despite recommendations that travellers be vaccinated prior to travel to these areas.

目的:分析通过新南威尔士州常规监测收集的甲型肝炎报告和暴露于危险因素的信息的趋势,特别是国际旅行。方法:从法定传染病数据库中提取2000-2009年甲型肝炎通报数据,按年龄、性别、居住地区和暴露风险因素(包括旅行、食用的食物和与其他可能的感染病例的接触)进行分析。结果:新南威尔士州甲型肝炎通报率从2000年的每10万人3.0例下降到2009年的每10万人1.4例。在20-24岁的人群和悉尼市区的居民中,通报率最高。在43%的病例中,前往甲型肝炎流行的国家旅行是一种风险暴露。结论:在新南威尔士州,前往高流行国家的国际旅行仍然是甲型肝炎感染最常见的危险因素,尽管建议旅行者在前往这些地区之前接种疫苗。
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引用次数: 6
Typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, January-June 2011. 2011年1月至6月新南威尔士州西悉尼地方卫生区的伤寒和副伤寒。
Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1071/NB11041
Sarah J Blackstock, Vicky K Sheppeard, Jen M Paterson, Anna P Ralph

We undertook a study of enteric fever, caused by Salmonella enterica enterica subtypes Typhi and Paratyphi A, presenting in residents of the Western Sydney Local Health District for the period January-June 2011. Twelve cases of S. Typhi and eight of S. Paratyphi A were notified. Patients were predominantly young adults (median age 26 years, 70% female) who had been visiting friends and relatives in India, Samoa, Bangladesh or Sri Lanka. No cases were associated with travel for less than 3 weeks; 17 (85%) required hospitalisation. None received pre-travel vaccination; reasons cited for this included pregnancy, expense, being too busy, or considering the disease too mild to warrant vaccination. Three S. Typhi isolates acquired at large social gatherings in Samoa had the same phage [corrected] type and susceptibility profiles; these results were communicated to Samoan public health personnel. There are opportunities to strengthen enteric fever prevention, including pre-travel health advice and S. Typhi vaccination for people visiting endemic areas for 3 or more weeks, especially those in the vulnerable 'visiting friends and relative' category.

我们对2011年1月至6月期间西悉尼地方卫生区的居民中由伤寒和副伤寒沙门氏菌亚型引起的肠热病进行了研究。报告了12例伤寒沙门氏菌和8例甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌。患者主要是年轻人(中位年龄26岁,70%为女性),他们曾在印度、萨摩亚、孟加拉国或斯里兰卡拜访亲友。没有病例与旅行时间少于3周有关;17例(85%)需要住院治疗。没有人在旅行前接种疫苗;原因包括怀孕、费用、太忙或认为疾病太轻微而不值得接种疫苗。在萨摩亚大型社交聚会中获得的三株伤寒沙门氏菌分离株具有相同的噬菌体[修正的]类型和易感性特征;这些结果已传达给萨摩亚公共卫生人员。有机会加强肠道热预防,包括旅行前卫生咨询和对前往流行地区3周或更长时间的人接种伤寒沙门氏菌疫苗,特别是那些易受伤害的“探亲访友”类别的人。
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引用次数: 10
期刊
NSW Public Health Bulletin
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