Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700467
Yuki Murakami, K. Murata, Kazutaka Kikuta, M. Niimi, T. Kawanabe, Takamichi Mizuhara, Toshiki Aoki, Kazunori Yamamoto, T. Nagatsuma, Kazuki Kobayashi, K. Fukazawa, P. Pavarangkoon
Disaster mitigation is a significant issue where modern wireless network systems are expected to play a crucial role. It is believed that Visual IoT is one of the key techniques because of its monitoring abilities of urban and rural areas. The outdoor Visual IoT systems generally transfer a large number of footage every day. To detect information from large-size footage datasets, automatic time subtractions between frames are effective. However, to extract even tiny difference between frames, camera shake causes a serious damage. In this study we first survey long-durational footage transmitted from outdoor cameras installed in a city to examine that the stabilization techniques based on feature keypoints are effective to camera shake. Based on this survey we define a matching index to judge if the stabilization is of use or not for every couple of frames. The index is implemented with help of a camera calibration library in OpenCV using AKAZE feature. We then propose a method to stabilize footage continuously obtained by outdoor Visual IoT systems. Using the matching index, we examine one-day footage to find that stabilization is occasionally not applicable in case when the matching index is relatively larger or smaller than 1 (when matching is complete) or the number of matching pairs using AKAZE keypoints are too few. According to the results we set a threshold value of the matching index. We finally perform this technique to footage recorded on a couple of strongly windy days. The efficiency is numerically and visually confirmed on each footage successfully.
{"title":"An Image Stabilization Technique for Long-durational Outdoor Footages Obtained by Visual IoT Systems","authors":"Yuki Murakami, K. Murata, Kazutaka Kikuta, M. Niimi, T. Kawanabe, Takamichi Mizuhara, Toshiki Aoki, Kazunori Yamamoto, T. Nagatsuma, Kazuki Kobayashi, K. Fukazawa, P. Pavarangkoon","doi":"10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700467","url":null,"abstract":"Disaster mitigation is a significant issue where modern wireless network systems are expected to play a crucial role. It is believed that Visual IoT is one of the key techniques because of its monitoring abilities of urban and rural areas. The outdoor Visual IoT systems generally transfer a large number of footage every day. To detect information from large-size footage datasets, automatic time subtractions between frames are effective. However, to extract even tiny difference between frames, camera shake causes a serious damage. In this study we first survey long-durational footage transmitted from outdoor cameras installed in a city to examine that the stabilization techniques based on feature keypoints are effective to camera shake. Based on this survey we define a matching index to judge if the stabilization is of use or not for every couple of frames. The index is implemented with help of a camera calibration library in OpenCV using AKAZE feature. We then propose a method to stabilize footage continuously obtained by outdoor Visual IoT systems. Using the matching index, we examine one-day footage to find that stabilization is occasionally not applicable in case when the matching index is relatively larger or smaller than 1 (when matching is complete) or the number of matching pairs using AKAZE keypoints are too few. According to the results we set a threshold value of the matching index. We finally perform this technique to footage recorded on a couple of strongly windy days. The efficiency is numerically and visually confirmed on each footage successfully.","PeriodicalId":299827,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129667833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700477
Atanas Vlahov, V. Poulkov, A. Mihovska
This paper presents experimental work related to the performance measurement of throughput, delay, and delay jitter as key performance indicators (KPIs) for the realization of high-quality holographic telepresence applications. The communication scenario assumes a wireless Radio Access Network (RAN) based on an Open-RAN architecture. For the experiments an LTE testbed based on an open-source platform is used integrating the open RAN architecture with two types of functional splits and an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) deployed on the top of standard Linux based machines. The KPIs are evaluated both in the downlink and uplink in the cases of the different split scenarios.
{"title":"Analysis of Open RAN Performance Indicators Related to Holographic Telepresence Communications","authors":"Atanas Vlahov, V. Poulkov, A. Mihovska","doi":"10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700477","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents experimental work related to the performance measurement of throughput, delay, and delay jitter as key performance indicators (KPIs) for the realization of high-quality holographic telepresence applications. The communication scenario assumes a wireless Radio Access Network (RAN) based on an Open-RAN architecture. For the experiments an LTE testbed based on an open-source platform is used integrating the open RAN architecture with two types of functional splits and an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) deployed on the top of standard Linux based machines. The KPIs are evaluated both in the downlink and uplink in the cases of the different split scenarios.","PeriodicalId":299827,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129675448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700444
M. Ouchi, T. Kimura, Yusuke Chinda
Extreme coverage extension is one of its requirements and use cases in beyond 5G and 6G era. HAPS (high-altitude platform station) has drawn attention because of its characteristics to stay at a fixed location of an altitude of about 20 km, typically forming a coverage area with a cell radius of more than 50 km on the ground and having much lower latency than LEO with a one-way propagation time of about 0.1 ms. This paper treats a HAPS backhaul system using the millimeter wave band (38 GHz band) with base station on-board. In this target system, huge number of antenna array elements for beamforming is needed to compensate free space loss in 38 GHz band, and full digital beamforming is desired to connect multiple ground stations for feeder and service links and at the same time. Since digital beamforming needs analog circuit for each antenna array element, it leads to high power consumption. Phase coherency calibration is needed for every array antenna element to achieve good beamforming performance, and real-time calibration to directly measure in-band characteristics in 38 GHz band is desired in a circumstance of very low temperature and very low atmospheric pressure at stratosphere. It is technically challenging because of huge number of array antenna element. For these technical issues, we propose power reduction by low resolution ADC/DAC with dithering by utilizing beamforming gain and real-time phase coherency calibration to directly measure in-band characteristics in 38 GHz band without interrupting to transmit main signal by superimposing known spread spectrum signal with low power level. Computer simulation shows that when the target of phase error is $sigma$ = 1 degree (i.e., SNR = 35 dB) or less with 5 bits of DAC input, calibration for 2 polarization (vertical and horizontal) and 1024 antenna elements can be done every 4 seconds.
{"title":"Study on Full Digital Beamforming for HAPS Backhaul System with Base Station On-board Using 38 GHz Band Frequency","authors":"M. Ouchi, T. Kimura, Yusuke Chinda","doi":"10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700444","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme coverage extension is one of its requirements and use cases in beyond 5G and 6G era. HAPS (high-altitude platform station) has drawn attention because of its characteristics to stay at a fixed location of an altitude of about 20 km, typically forming a coverage area with a cell radius of more than 50 km on the ground and having much lower latency than LEO with a one-way propagation time of about 0.1 ms. This paper treats a HAPS backhaul system using the millimeter wave band (38 GHz band) with base station on-board. In this target system, huge number of antenna array elements for beamforming is needed to compensate free space loss in 38 GHz band, and full digital beamforming is desired to connect multiple ground stations for feeder and service links and at the same time. Since digital beamforming needs analog circuit for each antenna array element, it leads to high power consumption. Phase coherency calibration is needed for every array antenna element to achieve good beamforming performance, and real-time calibration to directly measure in-band characteristics in 38 GHz band is desired in a circumstance of very low temperature and very low atmospheric pressure at stratosphere. It is technically challenging because of huge number of array antenna element. For these technical issues, we propose power reduction by low resolution ADC/DAC with dithering by utilizing beamforming gain and real-time phase coherency calibration to directly measure in-band characteristics in 38 GHz band without interrupting to transmit main signal by superimposing known spread spectrum signal with low power level. Computer simulation shows that when the target of phase error is $sigma$ = 1 degree (i.e., SNR = 35 dB) or less with 5 bits of DAC input, calibration for 2 polarization (vertical and horizontal) and 1024 antenna elements can be done every 4 seconds.","PeriodicalId":299827,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130161139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700476
Yuki Murakami, K. Murata, R. Yamazaki, Kazutaka Kikuta, Yoshihide Kagatani, Toshiki Aoki, Takamichi Mizuhara, Kazunori Yamamoto, T. Kawanabe, T. Nagatsuma, J. Tokairin, M. Niimi, Kazuki Kobayashi, K. Fukazawa
One of the objectives of Visual IoT is to realize safe and secure society via remote video transmission. Low-cost cameras play an important role since we need to distribute many cameras in the society. To achieve wide coverage of monitoring with single IP network camera, remote PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) function is one of the preferable solutions that is installed in IP network camera at high location such as at the top of mountains. In this paper we propose techniques of PTZ remote control of low-cost IP cameras for Visual IoT systems over mobile networks. At first, one of the regulations of PTZ remote-control, ONVIF (Open Network Video Interface Forum) Profile S, is introduced for remote operations over IP networks. We then design and implement remote ONVIF commands in our Visual IoT system. Finally the system performances are examined in both laboratory environment and outdoor fields. The remote PTZ operations is practically successful while issues are discussed to achieve area monitoring with a high precision using low-cost IP network cameras.
{"title":"Techniques in Pan-Tilt-Zoom Operations of IP Network Camera for Visual IoT","authors":"Yuki Murakami, K. Murata, R. Yamazaki, Kazutaka Kikuta, Yoshihide Kagatani, Toshiki Aoki, Takamichi Mizuhara, Kazunori Yamamoto, T. Kawanabe, T. Nagatsuma, J. Tokairin, M. Niimi, Kazuki Kobayashi, K. Fukazawa","doi":"10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700476","url":null,"abstract":"One of the objectives of Visual IoT is to realize safe and secure society via remote video transmission. Low-cost cameras play an important role since we need to distribute many cameras in the society. To achieve wide coverage of monitoring with single IP network camera, remote PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) function is one of the preferable solutions that is installed in IP network camera at high location such as at the top of mountains. In this paper we propose techniques of PTZ remote control of low-cost IP cameras for Visual IoT systems over mobile networks. At first, one of the regulations of PTZ remote-control, ONVIF (Open Network Video Interface Forum) Profile S, is introduced for remote operations over IP networks. We then design and implement remote ONVIF commands in our Visual IoT system. Finally the system performances are examined in both laboratory environment and outdoor fields. The remote PTZ operations is practically successful while issues are discussed to achieve area monitoring with a high precision using low-cost IP network cameras.","PeriodicalId":299827,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116204057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700453
Fuga Tanaka, Hirofumi Suganuma, F. Maehara
This paper proposes a resource allocation method that considers the desired user traffic volume as well as the channel conditions for a hybrid multiple access scheme employing both non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and orthogonal multiple access (OMA). In the proposed approach, using both NOMA and OMA in the same bandwidth, a resource pattern combined with different user requirements is introduced to effectively meet the demand of diversified wireless services for beyond 5G. Further, the actual throughput of each combination is calculated, and the combination that effectively achieves the highest throughput is determined as the best resource pattern. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated in comparison with NOMA alone, OMA alone, and the conventional hybrid scheme that does not consider user requests under diversified user traffic for enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) through computer simulations.
{"title":"Hybrid Multiple Access Scheme Using NOMA and OMA Simultaneously Considering User Request","authors":"Fuga Tanaka, Hirofumi Suganuma, F. Maehara","doi":"10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700453","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a resource allocation method that considers the desired user traffic volume as well as the channel conditions for a hybrid multiple access scheme employing both non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and orthogonal multiple access (OMA). In the proposed approach, using both NOMA and OMA in the same bandwidth, a resource pattern combined with different user requirements is introduced to effectively meet the demand of diversified wireless services for beyond 5G. Further, the actual throughput of each combination is calculated, and the combination that effectively achieves the highest throughput is determined as the best resource pattern. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated in comparison with NOMA alone, OMA alone, and the conventional hybrid scheme that does not consider user requests under diversified user traffic for enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) through computer simulations.","PeriodicalId":299827,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114985580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700435
Yoshito Watanabe, So Hasegawa, M. Hasegawa, Y. Shoji
This paper proposes a novel framework for transaction record management using distributed ledger technology over the “piggy-back network”, which is an opportunistic network composed of mid-range control plane and short-range data plane with heterogeneous wireless standards. In the network, mobile nodes such as service robots perform sensing by, e.g., recording video and try to disseminate the large-volume sensing data contents to other nodes via the data plane by a store-carryforward (SCF) principle. To manage the transaction records that represent event histories in the network, we employ a distributed ledger, where our previously proposed Proof-of-Forwarding (PoF) technique is used for block generation; a block is generated at the timing of completing data exchange. We design the ledger to have a directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure to work in an opportunistic network. By synchronizing the ledgers between nodes over the control plane, every node can grasp the differences of the databases owned by individual nodes, and this knowledge is utilized to determine if the node-to-node data exchange via the data plane is necessary. The computer simulations show that, compared to a conventional blockchain, the proposed DAG-based ledger can achieve a lower delay for disseminating transaction records across all nodes. In contrast, large delays are caused in a conventional blockchain system due to its single-branch structure.
{"title":"Piggy-back Network to Enable Beyond 5G Society Supported by Autonomous Mobilities: Transaction Record Management with DAG-based Distributed Ledger","authors":"Yoshito Watanabe, So Hasegawa, M. Hasegawa, Y. Shoji","doi":"10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700435","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel framework for transaction record management using distributed ledger technology over the “piggy-back network”, which is an opportunistic network composed of mid-range control plane and short-range data plane with heterogeneous wireless standards. In the network, mobile nodes such as service robots perform sensing by, e.g., recording video and try to disseminate the large-volume sensing data contents to other nodes via the data plane by a store-carryforward (SCF) principle. To manage the transaction records that represent event histories in the network, we employ a distributed ledger, where our previously proposed Proof-of-Forwarding (PoF) technique is used for block generation; a block is generated at the timing of completing data exchange. We design the ledger to have a directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure to work in an opportunistic network. By synchronizing the ledgers between nodes over the control plane, every node can grasp the differences of the databases owned by individual nodes, and this knowledge is utilized to determine if the node-to-node data exchange via the data plane is necessary. The computer simulations show that, compared to a conventional blockchain, the proposed DAG-based ledger can achieve a lower delay for disseminating transaction records across all nodes. In contrast, large delays are caused in a conventional blockchain system due to its single-branch structure.","PeriodicalId":299827,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131771897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700407
M. Meles, Akash Rajasekaran, K. Ruttik, R. Virrankoski, R. Jäntti
This paper focus on drone self-localization based on received signals from stationary base stations with known locations without having access to global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals. In the considered method, the drone first estimates the angle of arrival (AoA) based on the downlink signal strength measurements by rotating non-isotropic antenna. Once AoA is estimated from several base stations, the drone can be localized on a 2D plane by using the least squares method. This method was selected due to its simplicity and thus ease of implementation in low cost drones. To better understand the achievable performance of the studied AoA estimation method, we performed several measurements using a prototype system to characterize the antenna rotation and AoA estimation errors. The error models were then plugged into simulator to analyze the achievable performance in typical macro cellular setting. Our measurement results indicate, that the AoA could be estimated with 6.02° accuracy in case of a hovering drone. Our simulation results indicate, that in typical macro cellular setup with line-of-sight propagation, the median localization error was less than 45 m for a hovering drone.
{"title":"Measurement based performance evaluation of drone self-localization using AoA of cellular signals","authors":"M. Meles, Akash Rajasekaran, K. Ruttik, R. Virrankoski, R. Jäntti","doi":"10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700407","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focus on drone self-localization based on received signals from stationary base stations with known locations without having access to global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals. In the considered method, the drone first estimates the angle of arrival (AoA) based on the downlink signal strength measurements by rotating non-isotropic antenna. Once AoA is estimated from several base stations, the drone can be localized on a 2D plane by using the least squares method. This method was selected due to its simplicity and thus ease of implementation in low cost drones. To better understand the achievable performance of the studied AoA estimation method, we performed several measurements using a prototype system to characterize the antenna rotation and AoA estimation errors. The error models were then plugged into simulator to analyze the achievable performance in typical macro cellular setting. Our measurement results indicate, that the AoA could be estimated with 6.02° accuracy in case of a hovering drone. Our simulation results indicate, that in typical macro cellular setup with line-of-sight propagation, the median localization error was less than 45 m for a hovering drone.","PeriodicalId":299827,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121855887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700415
Azril Haniz, T. Matsumura, F. Kojima
Advanced spectrum sharing technology for future 5G and Beyond 5G (B5G) networks have the potential to achieve higher spectrum utilization efficiency by utilizing knowledge of the carrier frequency and angle-of-arrival (AOA) of the signals emitted from multiple base stations. In this paper, an algorithm to perform wideband spectrum sensing along the frequency and angular domains simultaneously utilizing sub-Nyquist analog-to-digital converters (ADC) is proposed. The proposed algorithm is developed based on the conventional multi-coset sampling (MCS) algorithm in order to support AOA estimation, and is expressed as a typical compressive sensing problem. Spectrum sensing performance is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation, and results show that it can successfully sense the wideband two-dimensional spectrum without the need for high-rate ADCs.
{"title":"Joint Spectrum Sensing of Wideband Frequency and Angular Spectrum based on Sub-Nyquist Sampling","authors":"Azril Haniz, T. Matsumura, F. Kojima","doi":"10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700415","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced spectrum sharing technology for future 5G and Beyond 5G (B5G) networks have the potential to achieve higher spectrum utilization efficiency by utilizing knowledge of the carrier frequency and angle-of-arrival (AOA) of the signals emitted from multiple base stations. In this paper, an algorithm to perform wideband spectrum sensing along the frequency and angular domains simultaneously utilizing sub-Nyquist analog-to-digital converters (ADC) is proposed. The proposed algorithm is developed based on the conventional multi-coset sampling (MCS) algorithm in order to support AOA estimation, and is expressed as a typical compressive sensing problem. Spectrum sensing performance is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation, and results show that it can successfully sense the wideband two-dimensional spectrum without the need for high-rate ADCs.","PeriodicalId":299827,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125233585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700429
Ryohei Hazu, Y. Kozawa, H. Habuchi
In the illumination-light communications using the intensity modulation/direct detection method, transmitted data cannot be correctly decoded in the area where adjacent illumination-light interferes. To solve this problem, the illumination-light communications using the Visual Secret Sharing (VSS) scheme have been proposed to utilize the overlapped signal in the area where the illumination-light overlaps. In this paper, for RGB parallel transmission illumination-light communications, a system that utilizes the VSS scheme and adjacent light interference is proposed. In the proposed system, R, G, and B emissions by VSS signal are controlled by Modified Pseudo Orthogonal M-sequence (MPOM) to maintain the illumination function of RGB-LEDs. The pixel error rate of the proposed system is evaluated by computer simulation. Consequently, it is found that data can be received even in the interference areas. It has also been shown to maintain uniformity of illumination-light.
{"title":"Visual Secret Sharing Based RGB Parallel Transmission System","authors":"Ryohei Hazu, Y. Kozawa, H. Habuchi","doi":"10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700429","url":null,"abstract":"In the illumination-light communications using the intensity modulation/direct detection method, transmitted data cannot be correctly decoded in the area where adjacent illumination-light interferes. To solve this problem, the illumination-light communications using the Visual Secret Sharing (VSS) scheme have been proposed to utilize the overlapped signal in the area where the illumination-light overlaps. In this paper, for RGB parallel transmission illumination-light communications, a system that utilizes the VSS scheme and adjacent light interference is proposed. In the proposed system, R, G, and B emissions by VSS signal are controlled by Modified Pseudo Orthogonal M-sequence (MPOM) to maintain the illumination function of RGB-LEDs. The pixel error rate of the proposed system is evaluated by computer simulation. Consequently, it is found that data can be received even in the interference areas. It has also been shown to maintain uniformity of illumination-light.","PeriodicalId":299827,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126166888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700412
David E. Teves, Alberto S. Banacia
LoRa modulation is gaining more attention recently in the field of IoT. The implementation of this modulation allows robust packet transmission while inducing safe levels of interference towards other technologies utilizing the ISM band. Smart cities and many urban applications can highly benefit from these capabilities. In not too distant future, innovations through this communication protocol will continue to grow until a congested LoRa-based network is realized. A potential case where this congestion could arise is when two large LoRa-based network exists nearby each other. Since they share an unlicensed band, they both may potentially introduce interference towards each other and cause performance degradation. The behavior of this type of degradation may not yet be thoroughly understood and methods of alleviating its effects still remain a question. In this paper, a simulation through industrial-grade NS3 was conducted to analyze the performance of two adjacent dense LoRa-network. Results show that the two dense networks reduce the expected performance of the networks. Additionally, low-spread factors are recommended for dense applications rather than high-spread factors.
{"title":"Adjacent LoRa-based Network Analysis for Dense Application","authors":"David E. Teves, Alberto S. Banacia","doi":"10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wpmc52694.2021.9700412","url":null,"abstract":"LoRa modulation is gaining more attention recently in the field of IoT. The implementation of this modulation allows robust packet transmission while inducing safe levels of interference towards other technologies utilizing the ISM band. Smart cities and many urban applications can highly benefit from these capabilities. In not too distant future, innovations through this communication protocol will continue to grow until a congested LoRa-based network is realized. A potential case where this congestion could arise is when two large LoRa-based network exists nearby each other. Since they share an unlicensed band, they both may potentially introduce interference towards each other and cause performance degradation. The behavior of this type of degradation may not yet be thoroughly understood and methods of alleviating its effects still remain a question. In this paper, a simulation through industrial-grade NS3 was conducted to analyze the performance of two adjacent dense LoRa-network. Results show that the two dense networks reduce the expected performance of the networks. Additionally, low-spread factors are recommended for dense applications rather than high-spread factors.","PeriodicalId":299827,"journal":{"name":"2021 24th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117057219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：