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The Reconstruction of Mandible Defects in War Injuries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 战争创伤中下颌骨缺损的重建：系统回顾与元分析》。

IF 0.9

Virginia Libraries

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1177/19433875231198947

Umar Rehman, Melissa Shemie, Mohammad Sohaib Sarwar, Oluwasemilore Adebayo, Peter A Brennan

Study design: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: There has been an increasing trend in maxillofacial injuries associated with combat trauma. Within the maxillofacial complex, the mandible is the most likely structure to be damaged during combat. The structural deficits as a result can be reconstructed with many options. These include vascularised bone grafts (VBGs), non-vascularised bone grafts (NVBGs), alloplastic implants, reconstruction bars and distraction osteogenesis. This study aimed to determine the common modality and efficacy of mandibular reconstruction in combat trauma-related defects.

Methods: A literature search was conducted on Pubmed, Prospero, Dynamed, DARE, EMBASE, COCHRANE and BMJ databases.

Results: A total of six articles met the inclusion criteria identifying 165 patients requiring mandibular reconstruction. Non-vascularised iliac bone graft (n = 137) was the most common method followed by ileac crest bone chips harvest using Dacron urethran osteomesh tray (n = 24) and frontoparietal grafts (n = 4). Meta-analysis of five out of six trials demonstrated an overall success rate of 85% (95% CI 79-90; I² = 59%). A total of 13% (n = 22) of reconstructions failed either completely or partially and 21% (n = 34) of patients suffered postoperative complications.

Conclusions: NVBGs are a practical, cost-effective and favourable method of war zone management of mandibular defects with success rates comparable to those reported in the civilian literature. However, general trauma principles take precedence to rule out life-threatening injuries. Due consideration of patient factors, surgical factors, and available resources are required in the first-line management of combat-related mandibular defects.

研究设计系统综述和 Meta 分析：与战斗创伤相关的颌面部损伤呈上升趋势。在颌面复合体中，下颌骨是最有可能在战斗中受损的结构。因此造成的结构性缺损可以通过多种方法进行重建。其中包括血管化骨移植（VBGs）、非血管化骨移植（NVBGs）、异体植入物、重建棒和牵张成骨。本研究旨在确定下颌骨重建在与创伤相关的缺损中的常见方式和疗效：方法：在 Pubmed、Prospero、Dynamed、DARE、EMBASE、COCHRANE 和 BMJ 数据库中进行文献检索：共有六篇文章符合纳入标准，确定了165名需要下颌骨重建的患者。非血管化髂骨移植（137例）是最常见的方法，其次是使用Dacron尿道骨网盘采集回肠嵴骨片（24例）和前顶骨移植（4例）。对六项试验中的五项进行的 Meta 分析表明，总体成功率为 85% (95% CI 79-90；I2 = 59%)。共有13%（22人）的重建完全或部分失败，21%（34人）的患者出现术后并发症：结论：NVBGs是一种实用、经济、有效的战区下颌骨缺损治疗方法，其成功率与民用文献报道的方法相当。然而，一般的创伤原则应优先考虑排除危及生命的损伤。在一线处理与战斗有关的下颌骨缺损时，需要适当考虑患者因素、手术因素和可用资源。

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引用次数: 0

The Science of the Cover Letter: How to Apply for an Academic Librarian Job 求职信的科学:如何申请学术图书馆员的工作

Virginia Libraries

Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.21061/valib.v67i1.657

Elizabeth Price

While serving on a search committee at my institution, I started thinking about what I wish someone had told me when I was trying to break into the field of academic librarianship. And at the top of the list is how to write a cover letter that will increase your chance of getting hired. This article contains a list of nine tips about how the hiring process works at one public university in Virginia. Readers will learn how to interpret the qualifications list in a job ad, how to link their experiences to those qualifications, and which rules they can ignore (like one-page cover letters). An example cover letter is included.

在我所在机构的一个搜索委员会任职期间，我开始思考，当我试图进入学术图书馆领域时，我希望有人能告诉我什么。而最重要的是如何写一封求职信，这将增加你被聘用的机会。这篇文章包含了关于弗吉尼亚州一所公立大学招聘过程的9个技巧。读者将学习如何解读招聘广告中的资格列表，如何将自己的经历与这些资格联系起来，以及哪些规则可以忽略(比如一页的求职信)。附上一封求职信示例。

引用次数: 0

Orientation: Laying Out the Welcome Mat (or Not) for New Employees 方向：为新员工布置（或不布置）欢迎垫

Virginia Libraries

Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.21061/valib.v67i1.641

Clenise Platt

A strategic focus and goal for many libraries is to provide welcoming environments for each of their customers. Just as libraries focus strategically on welcoming their customers, it is important that they focus on the goal of providing welcoming environments for each of their employees. One of the first opportunities to “lay out the welcome mat” for staff is with the organization’s orientation. The employee orientation is a one-time event that welcomes new employees and provides a general overview of the organization. The employee onboarding process is a series of events and trainings that allows the new hires to acquire the knowledge, skills, tools and resources to be successful employees in the organization. The orientation is an important part of the overall onboarding process. Research and advisory services firm Brandon Hall Group found that organizations with a strong onboarding process improve new hire retention by 82 percent and new hire productivity by over 70 percent.1 According to Dewar, a scarcity of talent and high turnover are two of the biggest challenges facing organizations today.2 That is why it is important to ensure that organizations design and implement an efficient and effective onboarding process that includes a strong orientation. Thriving and proficient orientation programs are always evolving to accommodate the growth of the organization and the changing times. The way two Virginia libraries redesigned their orientation programs to better serve their new hires and enhance their onboarding process are highlighted in this article. Additionally, strategies to develop a library orientation event that fosters an inclusive environment and supports the mission and work of the library and promotes employee productivity, engagement and satisfaction are presented.

许多图书馆的战略重点和目标是为每位客户提供温馨的环境。正如图书馆的战略重点是欢迎他们的顾客一样，重要的是他们要关注为每一位员工提供温馨的环境。为员工“铺好欢迎垫”的第一个机会是组织的入职培训。员工入职培训是一个一次性的活动，欢迎新员工，并提供组织的总体概况。员工入职过程是一系列的活动和培训，使新员工获得知识、技能、工具和资源，成为组织中成功的员工。入职培训是整个入职过程的重要组成部分。研究和咨询服务公司Brandon Hall Group发现，拥有强大入职流程的组织可以将新员工的保留率提高82%，新员工的工作效率提高70%以上根据杜瓦的说法，人才短缺和高流动率是当今组织面临的两个最大挑战这就是为什么确保组织设计和实施一个高效和有效的入职过程是很重要的，这个过程包括一个强有力的导向。蓬勃发展和熟练的培训项目总是在不断发展，以适应组织的发展和时代的变化。本文重点介绍了弗吉尼亚的两家图书馆如何重新设计他们的入职培训计划，以更好地服务他们的新员工，并加强他们的入职流程。此外，还提出了开发图书馆迎新活动的策略，以促进包容的环境，支持图书馆的使命和工作，提高员工的工作效率、参与度和满意度。

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引用次数: 0

Charting a Course: Volume 66 of Virginia Libraries 绘制路线:弗吉尼亚图书馆第66卷

Virginia Libraries

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.21061/valib.v66i1.649

Julia Feerrar, T.G.F. Berning, Andrea M. Castillo, Emily Correa, Stephen Leist, Bettina Peacemaker, E. Weir

引用次数: 0

From Berkeley to Beloved: Race and Sexuality in the History of Book Censorship in Virginia 从伯克利到宠儿:弗吉尼亚图书审查史上的种族和性别

Virginia Libraries

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.21061/valib.v67i1.651

Keith Weimer

The early 2020s saw a wave of demands for books to be removed from school and public libraries in Virginia and throughout the United States. A disproportionately high percentage of challenges were aimed at books written by LGBTQ+ authors and authors of color. Involvement by public officials was one of the most striking features of the challenges—especially when Republican gubernatorial candidate Glenn Youngkin chose to make “parental control” of children’s education a central feature of his 2021 campaign. However, while these events represent a new and troubling phase in the long history of struggles for control of reading material, race and sexuality have been recurring themes in book censorship throughout Virginia history in periods of backlash to social change. This article surveys episodes in the history of book censorship in Virginia from 1960-present set against the longer arc of Virginia and US history. Books provide exposure to knowledge as well as its representation, ensuring that they will be a focus of cultural and political struggles. Demands to restrict library materials in order to protect children tend to focus on literature giving voice to marginalized communities, and can be followed by demands to restrict adults’ reading material as well.

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引用次数: 0

Upgraded and Grounded: Alexandria Library’s Experience in the ALA Pilot Program, Resilient Communities 升级和扎根:亚历山大图书馆在ALA试点项目中的经验，弹性社区

Virginia Libraries

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.21061/valib.v66i1.648

Megan L. Zimmerman

引用次数: 0

The State of Online and Remote Work of Academic Librarians in Virginia 弗吉尼亚州学术图书馆员在线和远程工作的现状

Virginia Libraries

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.21061/valib.v67i1.660

Christine E. Woods

This study aimed to determine the number of hours and percentage of time spent working remotely and online by academic librarians in Virginia and the perceived advantages and disadvantages of this type of work. Returning to work following the COVID-19 pandemic has sometimes been flexible, with some librarians continuing to work remotely part-time. Due to technological advances, librarians are working more in an online environment allowing them to get their work done no matter where they are located. In September and October 2022, 672 invitations to participate in the quantitative study were sent to publicly available email addresses at 75 Virginia colleges and universities, including two-year, four-year, public, private, profit, and not-for-profit. A total of 146 responses were collected, with 67% of librarians reporting that they work remotely each week. The average number of days working remotely per week was 1.9. The advantages of working at library locations were related to in-person interactions with library faculty and staff, school faculty, and students. More advantages were reported for working remotely. The highest reported advantages were saving time and money on transportation and being more environmentally friendly. Transportation issues, such as gas money, traffic, parking, and time driving, were reported as disadvantages to working at library locations by 23% of participants, the highest percentage of responses to any of the advantages or other disadvantages. Lack of connections with library faculty and staff was the highest reported disadvantage of working remotely. Although focused on academic librarians in Virginia, this study reflects the continuance of online and remote work nationwide.

这项研究旨在确定弗吉尼亚州学术图书馆员远程和在线工作的小时数和时间百分比，以及这种工作的优势和劣势。COVID-19大流行后重返工作岗位有时是灵活的，一些图书馆员继续远程兼职工作。由于技术的进步，图书馆员越来越多地在网络环境中工作，这使得他们无论身在何处都能完成工作。在2022年9月和10月，672份参与定量研究的邀请被发送到75所弗吉尼亚学院和大学的公开电子邮件地址，包括两年制，四年制，公立，私立，营利性和非营利。总共收集了146份回复，67%的图书馆员表示他们每周都远程工作。每周远程工作的平均天数为1.9天。在图书馆工作的好处与图书馆教职员工、学校教职员工和学生的面对面互动有关。据报道，远程工作的优势更多。报告中最大的好处是节省了交通上的时间和金钱，而且更环保。交通问题，如油钱、交通、停车和开车时间，被23%的参与者认为是在图书馆工作的缺点，这是所有优点或其他缺点中比例最高的。与图书馆教职员工缺乏联系是远程工作最大的缺点。尽管这项研究关注的是弗吉尼亚州的学术图书馆员，但它反映了全国范围内在线和远程工作的持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Experiencing Teranga: A Library Fellowship in Dakar, Senegal, West Africa 体验特兰加:西非塞内加尔达喀尔图书馆奖学金

Virginia Libraries

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21061/valib.v66i1.635

Olivia Hasan

引用次数: 0

Libby App Curation for the Virginia Librarian 维吉尼亚图书馆Libby App策展

Virginia Libraries

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21061/valib.v66i1.642

J. Minor

引用次数: 0

Recovery and Revival: A Letter to VLA’s Membership 复苏与复兴:致VLA会员的信

Virginia Libraries

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21061/valib.v66i1.645

K. Vaughan

引用次数: 0

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