Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518650
A. R. Othman, A. A. A. Abd Aziz, K. Pongot, N. Shairi, M. N. Mohd Nor
This paper presents the design of a direct conversion RF receiver and its sensitivity performance analysis for WLAN point to point communication at 5.8 GHz band based on IEEE 802.11a standard. The direct conversion RF receiver has been designed with proper selection of RF sub-components such as low noise amplifier (LNA), RF amplifier, power divider and filter. The selected RF sub-components of the RF receiver have been further analyzed for sensitivity performance in simulation. It is shown that the system noise figure influences RF receiver's sensitivity. It is contributed by the first stage of RF subcomponent which is LNA in the RF front-end system. As results, the 1.31 dB system noise figure has been selected in order to get the best sensitivity for direct conversion RF receiver which is -74 dBm and dynamic range of 47 dB at 54 Mbps. Besides, this direct conversion RF receiver has met sensitivity specification for all data rates based on the IEEE 802.11a standard.
{"title":"Design and sensitivity analysis of direct conversion RF receiver for IEEE 802.11a WLAN system at 5.8 GHz frequency","authors":"A. R. Othman, A. A. A. Abd Aziz, K. Pongot, N. Shairi, M. N. Mohd Nor","doi":"10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518650","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design of a direct conversion RF receiver and its sensitivity performance analysis for WLAN point to point communication at 5.8 GHz band based on IEEE 802.11a standard. The direct conversion RF receiver has been designed with proper selection of RF sub-components such as low noise amplifier (LNA), RF amplifier, power divider and filter. The selected RF sub-components of the RF receiver have been further analyzed for sensitivity performance in simulation. It is shown that the system noise figure influences RF receiver's sensitivity. It is contributed by the first stage of RF subcomponent which is LNA in the RF front-end system. As results, the 1.31 dB system noise figure has been selected in order to get the best sensitivity for direct conversion RF receiver which is -74 dBm and dynamic range of 47 dB at 54 Mbps. Besides, this direct conversion RF receiver has met sensitivity specification for all data rates based on the IEEE 802.11a standard.","PeriodicalId":299947,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124048129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518623
M. Paulraj, S. Yaacob, M. A. Abdul Majid, P. Krishnan
This paper discusses the application of frame energy based Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) moment features for the detection of damages in steel plates. A simple experimental model is devised to suspend the steel plates in a free-free condition. Experimental modal analysis methods are analyzed and protocols are formed to capture vibration signals from the steel plate using accelerometers when subjected to external impulse. Algorithms based on frame energy based DCT moment feature extraction are developed and prominent features are extracted. A Functional Link Neural Network (FLNN) is modeled to classify the condition of the steel plate. The output of the network model is validated using Falhman testing criterion and the results are compared.
{"title":"Application of frame energy based DCT moments for the damage diagnosis in steel plates using FLNN","authors":"M. Paulraj, S. Yaacob, M. A. Abdul Majid, P. Krishnan","doi":"10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518623","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the application of frame energy based Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) moment features for the detection of damages in steel plates. A simple experimental model is devised to suspend the steel plates in a free-free condition. Experimental modal analysis methods are analyzed and protocols are formed to capture vibration signals from the steel plate using accelerometers when subjected to external impulse. Algorithms based on frame energy based DCT moment feature extraction are developed and prominent features are extracted. A Functional Link Neural Network (FLNN) is modeled to classify the condition of the steel plate. The output of the network model is validated using Falhman testing criterion and the results are compared.","PeriodicalId":299947,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125289473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518646
Chinmay Chinara, Nishant Nath, S. Mishra, Sangram Keshari Sahoo, F. A. Ali
Optical Character Recognition has been a challenging field in the advent of digital computers. It is needed where information is to be readable both to humans and machines. The process of OCR is composed of a set of pre and post processing steps that decide the level of accuracy of recognition. This paper deals with one of the pre-processing steps involved in the OCR process i.e. Skew (Slant) Detection and Correction. The proposed algorithm implemented for skew-detection is termed as the COG (Centre of Gravity) method and for that of skew-correction is Sub-Pixel Shifting method. The algorithm has been kept simple and optimized for efficient skew-detection and correction. The performance analysis of the algorithm after testing has been aptly demonstrated.
随着数字计算机的出现，光学字符识别一直是一个具有挑战性的领域。在信息对人类和机器都可读的情况下需要它。OCR的过程由一系列的预处理和后处理步骤组成，这些步骤决定了识别的准确度。本文讨论了OCR过程中涉及的预处理步骤之一，即斜(斜)检测和校正。本文提出的倾斜检测算法称为重心法(Centre of Gravity)，倾斜校正算法称为亚像素偏移法(Sub-Pixel shifts)。该算法保持了简单和优化，以实现有效的倾斜检测和校正。经过测试，对算法进行了性能分析。
{"title":"A novel approach to skew-detection and correction of English alphabets for OCR","authors":"Chinmay Chinara, Nishant Nath, S. Mishra, Sangram Keshari Sahoo, F. A. Ali","doi":"10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518646","url":null,"abstract":"Optical Character Recognition has been a challenging field in the advent of digital computers. It is needed where information is to be readable both to humans and machines. The process of OCR is composed of a set of pre and post processing steps that decide the level of accuracy of recognition. This paper deals with one of the pre-processing steps involved in the OCR process i.e. Skew (Slant) Detection and Correction. The proposed algorithm implemented for skew-detection is termed as the COG (Centre of Gravity) method and for that of skew-correction is Sub-Pixel Shifting method. The algorithm has been kept simple and optimized for efficient skew-detection and correction. The performance analysis of the algorithm after testing has been aptly demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":299947,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116791553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518622
T. Mohamed, K. A. K. Ishak, H. Ramli, M. S. Meon
This paper presents Active Force Control (AFC) based scheme embedded with neural network and fuzzy logic in scheming the twin rotor multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system (TRMS). This architecture is proposed due to limitations of classic PID lead to difficulty in compensate the disturbances and internal changes appertain by angular momentum and reaction turning between two axes. The proposed architecture is employed in both pitch and yaw control scheme to optimize the responses. The results shown a very significant achievement as the proposed candidate give reasonably good performance and capable of compensating the internal and external disturbances. The integration of Neural Network and fuzzy logic is proven to be a potential hybrid as it provides an advanced optimization in accelerates the performance of TRMS.
{"title":"Intelligent hybrid Active Force Control in identification of a nonlinear MIMO system","authors":"T. Mohamed, K. A. K. Ishak, H. Ramli, M. S. Meon","doi":"10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518622","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents Active Force Control (AFC) based scheme embedded with neural network and fuzzy logic in scheming the twin rotor multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system (TRMS). This architecture is proposed due to limitations of classic PID lead to difficulty in compensate the disturbances and internal changes appertain by angular momentum and reaction turning between two axes. The proposed architecture is employed in both pitch and yaw control scheme to optimize the responses. The results shown a very significant achievement as the proposed candidate give reasonably good performance and capable of compensating the internal and external disturbances. The integration of Neural Network and fuzzy logic is proven to be a potential hybrid as it provides an advanced optimization in accelerates the performance of TRMS.","PeriodicalId":299947,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD)","volume":"1 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120987964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518617
N. D. Md Sin, A. Abdul Aziz, S. Ahmad, M. Musa, M. H. Mamat, M. Rusop
The influence of post heat treatment on ZnO thin films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering was reported. The effect of ZnO thin films post heat treatment were varies from 300°C to 550°C had been investigated. The thin films were examined using two point probe current-voltage (I-V) measurement (Keithley 2400), UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) (JEOL JSM 7600F). The current-voltage (I-V) measurements indicated that the conductivity of post heat treatment temperature of 500°C give the optimum conductivity. All films exhibited high UV absorption (300~380nm) properties and had low absorbance in visible and near infrared (IR) (380~1200nm) region that obtained from UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer measurement. The observed image from FESEM shows an increase of the nanocolumnar size, as the post heat treatment increases.
{"title":"Influence of post heat treatment to the properties of ZnO thin film prepared by RF magnetron sputtering","authors":"N. D. Md Sin, A. Abdul Aziz, S. Ahmad, M. Musa, M. H. Mamat, M. Rusop","doi":"10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518617","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of post heat treatment on ZnO thin films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering was reported. The effect of ZnO thin films post heat treatment were varies from 300°C to 550°C had been investigated. The thin films were examined using two point probe current-voltage (I-V) measurement (Keithley 2400), UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) (JEOL JSM 7600F). The current-voltage (I-V) measurements indicated that the conductivity of post heat treatment temperature of 500°C give the optimum conductivity. All films exhibited high UV absorption (300~380nm) properties and had low absorbance in visible and near infrared (IR) (380~1200nm) region that obtained from UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer measurement. The observed image from FESEM shows an increase of the nanocolumnar size, as the post heat treatment increases.","PeriodicalId":299947,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121301954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518647
H. Hassan, S. F. A. Azis
This paper proposed a simple approach of blood vessels detection and extraction in retinal images using MATLAB software. There are 60 retinal image samples from STARE and DRIVE database. The implementation process begins with changing a colour retinal image to grey-scale image followed with enhancement techniques. These enhancement techniques involving opening by reconstruction and top-hat transform to enhance the performance of conventional blood vessels extraction method. The morphology process performed by opening by reconstruction and top-hat transform technique are significant for the next extraction process. The morphology process is followed by local entropy thresholding and filtering process. The extraction process of proposed method took less than 1 minute to extract the blood vessels with an average accuracy and sensitivity of 0.89 and 0.71.
{"title":"A simple approach of blood vessels detection in retinal images using MATLAB","authors":"H. Hassan, S. F. A. Azis","doi":"10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518647","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposed a simple approach of blood vessels detection and extraction in retinal images using MATLAB software. There are 60 retinal image samples from STARE and DRIVE database. The implementation process begins with changing a colour retinal image to grey-scale image followed with enhancement techniques. These enhancement techniques involving opening by reconstruction and top-hat transform to enhance the performance of conventional blood vessels extraction method. The morphology process performed by opening by reconstruction and top-hat transform technique are significant for the next extraction process. The morphology process is followed by local entropy thresholding and filtering process. The extraction process of proposed method took less than 1 minute to extract the blood vessels with an average accuracy and sensitivity of 0.89 and 0.71.","PeriodicalId":299947,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130240014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518636
A. Ishfaq, T. Naqash, M. A. Hasan, A. Mukhtar, M. A. Ashraf Ch, U. Mujahid, M. Najam-ul-Islam
Over a decade of era our communication security demands are increasing exponentially. Government, semi-government agencies, national and international companies have their first priority on sheltering their wireless communication. Thus engineers have designed more than hundred's of algorithms for making the secure communication, just like Rijndael algorithm (AES) which was approved by US National Institute Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. So security is a never ending battle between the security algorithm designers and attackers. However AES cannot meet the requirements for real time communication. In this paper we have proposed a symmetric encryption algorithm operating at 1024-bits of data, through this scheme we can have lower resource consumption, high speed, low power and cost effective hardware.
{"title":"Efficient implementation of 1024-bit symmetric encryption and decryption algorithm for real time communication systems","authors":"A. Ishfaq, T. Naqash, M. A. Hasan, A. Mukhtar, M. A. Ashraf Ch, U. Mujahid, M. Najam-ul-Islam","doi":"10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518636","url":null,"abstract":"Over a decade of era our communication security demands are increasing exponentially. Government, semi-government agencies, national and international companies have their first priority on sheltering their wireless communication. Thus engineers have designed more than hundred's of algorithms for making the secure communication, just like Rijndael algorithm (AES) which was approved by US National Institute Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. So security is a never ending battle between the security algorithm designers and attackers. However AES cannot meet the requirements for real time communication. In this paper we have proposed a symmetric encryption algorithm operating at 1024-bits of data, through this scheme we can have lower resource consumption, high speed, low power and cost effective hardware.","PeriodicalId":299947,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD)","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133809771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518641
A. Ibrahim, N. Seman
This article is a review paper of the investigation of Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) offered by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in Long Term Evolution Technology (LTE). The performance of MBMS over a Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) is investigated with the different number of users that is varied using the selected simulation parameters. The frequency suitable to be used to implement this service in Single Frequency Network has been investigated with the variation of frequency carriers.
{"title":"The investigation of MBMS for delivering multimedia contents in Single Frequency Network","authors":"A. Ibrahim, N. Seman","doi":"10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518641","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a review paper of the investigation of Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) offered by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in Long Term Evolution Technology (LTE). The performance of MBMS over a Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) is investigated with the different number of users that is varied using the selected simulation parameters. The frequency suitable to be used to implement this service in Single Frequency Network has been investigated with the variation of frequency carriers.","PeriodicalId":299947,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134332164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518633
M. F. Abdullah, S. Iqbal, S. Masri
This paper presents a new topology of single phase full-bridge dc-ac inverter. In this topology, a switch is connected at the lower arm of the full-bridge switches to control the output voltage across the full-bridge inverter. The switch at the lower arm of the full-bridge controls the output of full-bridge inverter by increasing or reducing the voltage level at the lower arm of the bridge. This switch of lower arm is controlled by a high frequency SPWM switching signal. While the power switches of full-bridge inverter operate with square wave switching signal at a frequency of 50 Hz. Hence, a sinusoidal shape of output voltage is achieved from the proposed inverter. Both computer simulation and experiment were carried out to verify the performance of proposed topology. From the presented results, it is shown that new topology has nearly sinusoidal output voltage and current waveforms. Thus the output voltage of proposed topology has very less total harmonics distortion.
{"title":"A novel single phase DC-AC inverter","authors":"M. F. Abdullah, S. Iqbal, S. Masri","doi":"10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518633","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new topology of single phase full-bridge dc-ac inverter. In this topology, a switch is connected at the lower arm of the full-bridge switches to control the output voltage across the full-bridge inverter. The switch at the lower arm of the full-bridge controls the output of full-bridge inverter by increasing or reducing the voltage level at the lower arm of the bridge. This switch of lower arm is controlled by a high frequency SPWM switching signal. While the power switches of full-bridge inverter operate with square wave switching signal at a frequency of 50 Hz. Hence, a sinusoidal shape of output voltage is achieved from the proposed inverter. Both computer simulation and experiment were carried out to verify the performance of proposed topology. From the presented results, it is shown that new topology has nearly sinusoidal output voltage and current waveforms. Thus the output voltage of proposed topology has very less total harmonics distortion.","PeriodicalId":299947,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133049644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518648
M. M. Abdullah, N. E. Abdullah, H. Hashim, A. Rahim, C. George, F. A. Igol
In this study, significant information of red flesh watermelon ripeness is determined by using a spectrometer and Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). A few of red flesh watermelons were measured in both non-destructive and destructive method by using a spectrometer to identify the significant ripeness features in various grades. Visible light (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) are used as a radiation light of the spectrometer to emit light to the surface of the sample. Percentage of reflectance with respect to the intensity of radiation light being reflected from the surface of the sample then is measured by MCS600 Carl Zeiss spectrometer and the signal is sent to a computer and displayed by Aspect Plus software. By using SPSS software, further numerical analysis is used to measure the relationship between the percentages of reflectance's to identify the relevant information of watermelon ripeness for each grade. The outcomes have shown that it is successfully identified the relationship between watermelon ripeness and the optical wavelength.
{"title":"Various grades of red flesh watermelon ripeness based on NIR and VIS reflectance measurement","authors":"M. M. Abdullah, N. E. Abdullah, H. Hashim, A. Rahim, C. George, F. A. Igol","doi":"10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCORED.2012.6518648","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, significant information of red flesh watermelon ripeness is determined by using a spectrometer and Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). A few of red flesh watermelons were measured in both non-destructive and destructive method by using a spectrometer to identify the significant ripeness features in various grades. Visible light (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) are used as a radiation light of the spectrometer to emit light to the surface of the sample. Percentage of reflectance with respect to the intensity of radiation light being reflected from the surface of the sample then is measured by MCS600 Carl Zeiss spectrometer and the signal is sent to a computer and displayed by Aspect Plus software. By using SPSS software, further numerical analysis is used to measure the relationship between the percentages of reflectance's to identify the relevant information of watermelon ripeness for each grade. The outcomes have shown that it is successfully identified the relationship between watermelon ripeness and the optical wavelength.","PeriodicalId":299947,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122723332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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