Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29705
O. Putri, Vika Yugi Kurniawan
Misalkan R adalah suatu ring. Graf pembagi tak nol dari R yang dinotasikan dengan Q(R) merupakan graf sederhana yang himpunan vertex-nya adalah V(Q(R))=R{0,1,-1} dimana dua vertex berbeda x akan y adjacent jika dan hanya jika xy tak nol atau yx tak nol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat dasar graf pembagi tak nol dari ring suatu ring. Sifat-sifat tersebut kemudian digunakan untuk menyelidiki syarat keterhubungan graf pembagi tak nol dari suatu ring. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur, yaitu dengan menghimpun dan mengkaji ulang berbagai sumber pustaka yang terkait dengan topik penelitian. Berdasarkan penyelidikan yang dilakukan, diperoleh hasil jika himpunan vertex V(Q(R)) mempunyai elemen invertible, maka Q(R) merupakan graf yang terhubung. Kemudian untuk kasus ring Zn diperoleh graf pembagi tak nol dari ring Zn atau Q(Zn) akan menjadi graf terhubung jika dan hanya jika n bukan diantara {1,2,3,6}. Selain itu, suatu graf Q(R) akan menjadi graf terhubung jika R adalah ring tereduksi dengan V(Q(R))>3.
假设 R 是一个环。R 的非零除数图用 Q(R) 表示，是一个顶点集为 V(Q(R))=R{0,1,-1} 的简单图，其中两个不同的顶点 x 相邻，当且仅当 xy 为非零或 yx 为非零。本研究旨在研究环的非零除数图的基本性质。 然后利用这些性质来研究环的非零除数图的连通性条件。本研究采用的方法是文献研究法，即收集和查阅与研究课题相关的各种文献资料。通过研究发现，如果顶点集 V(Q(R)) 有一个可逆元素，那么 Q(R) 是一个连通图。然后，对于环 Zn 的情况，当且仅当 n 不在 {1,2,3,6} 中时，环 Zn 的非零除数图或 Q(Zn) 将是一个连通图。此外，如果 R 是还原环，且 V(Q(R))>3，则图 Q(R) 将是一个连通图。
{"title":"KETERHUBUNGAN GRAF PEMBAGI TAK NOL DARI RING","authors":"O. Putri, Vika Yugi Kurniawan","doi":"10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29705","url":null,"abstract":"Misalkan R adalah suatu ring. Graf pembagi tak nol dari R yang dinotasikan dengan Q(R) merupakan graf sederhana yang himpunan vertex-nya adalah V(Q(R))=R{0,1,-1} dimana dua vertex berbeda x akan y adjacent jika dan hanya jika xy tak nol atau yx tak nol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat dasar graf pembagi tak nol dari ring suatu ring. Sifat-sifat tersebut kemudian digunakan untuk menyelidiki syarat keterhubungan graf pembagi tak nol dari suatu ring. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur, yaitu dengan menghimpun dan mengkaji ulang berbagai sumber pustaka yang terkait dengan topik penelitian. Berdasarkan penyelidikan yang dilakukan, diperoleh hasil jika himpunan vertex V(Q(R)) mempunyai elemen invertible, maka Q(R) merupakan graf yang terhubung. Kemudian untuk kasus ring Zn diperoleh graf pembagi tak nol dari ring Zn atau Q(Zn) akan menjadi graf terhubung jika dan hanya jika n bukan diantara {1,2,3,6}. Selain itu, suatu graf Q(R) akan menjadi graf terhubung jika R adalah ring tereduksi dengan V(Q(R))>3.","PeriodicalId":300313,"journal":{"name":"Kubik: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmiah Matematika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139210176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medical research and therapeutic interventions continue to evolve, and one interesting area of study is the complex interaction among virotherapy, chemotherapy, and the immune system. Each treatment has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to describe how the immune system, tumor cells, and normal cells interact when all three types of therapy are used to treat cancer patients. To determine the effectiveness of various treatments, numerical simulations of eight different treatment strategies were performed. These simulations measured how much the concentration of immune cells, tumor cells, and normal cells decreased as a result of the treatment. Based on the numerical simulations performed, the application of the three types of therapy provided the greatest reduction (99%) in the concentration of tumour cells but also provided a significant reduction (68%) in the concentration of immune cells in the body.
{"title":"The Effect of Virotherapy, Chemotherapy, and Immunotherapy to Immune System: Mathematical Modelling Approach","authors":"Aminatus Sa'adah, Prihantini Prihantini, Bidayatul Masulah","doi":"10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29521","url":null,"abstract":"Medical research and therapeutic interventions continue to evolve, and one interesting area of study is the complex interaction among virotherapy, chemotherapy, and the immune system. Each treatment has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to describe how the immune system, tumor cells, and normal cells interact when all three types of therapy are used to treat cancer patients. To determine the effectiveness of various treatments, numerical simulations of eight different treatment strategies were performed. These simulations measured how much the concentration of immune cells, tumor cells, and normal cells decreased as a result of the treatment. Based on the numerical simulations performed, the application of the three types of therapy provided the greatest reduction (99%) in the concentration of tumour cells but also provided a significant reduction (68%) in the concentration of immune cells in the body.","PeriodicalId":300313,"journal":{"name":"Kubik: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmiah Matematika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139234931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29738
Paiz Jalaludin, Alrafiful Rahman, I. G. Andirasdini
{"title":"Implementation of Fuzzy Black-Scholes Real Options Valuation Method on Nickel Smelter Investment Plan","authors":"Paiz Jalaludin, Alrafiful Rahman, I. G. Andirasdini","doi":"10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29738","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":300313,"journal":{"name":"Kubik: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmiah Matematika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139233417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29631
Taslima Dewi, Ismail Husein
Ayam pedaging merupakan salah satu jenis unggas vertebrata dan daging yang paling populer untuk dikonsumsi masyarakat Indonesia. Pertumbuhan ayam broiler sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas pakan yang diterimanya. Komposisi pakan tentunya harus memenuhi nutrisi yang dibutuhkan ayam broiler dengan harga minimal. Optimasi komposisi pakan dilakukan dengan metode Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Metode Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) merupakan teknik optimasi yang mengikuti perilaku sekelompok makhluk hidup untuk seumur hidup seperti sekelompok burung dan sekelompok ikan dalam mencari makanan. Dalam optimasi pakan dengan metode PSO ditentukan dengan melihat beberapa partikel dan mana partikel yang mempunyai nilai kebugaran terbaik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hasil optimasi komposisi pakan dengan metode PSO. Dari perhitungan menggunakan metode PSO dengan harga dari peternak memberikan selisih harga sebesar Rp. 186 dimana parameter PSO yang digunakan adalah r1 dan r2 sebesar 0,2 dan 0,4 serta nilai c1 dan c2 sebesar 2,1 dan 0,9
{"title":"Implementation of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Method In Determining The Composition of Animal Feed In Broiler Chickens With Minimum Cost","authors":"Taslima Dewi, Ismail Husein","doi":"10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29631","url":null,"abstract":"Ayam pedaging merupakan salah satu jenis unggas vertebrata dan daging yang paling populer untuk dikonsumsi masyarakat Indonesia. Pertumbuhan ayam broiler sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas pakan yang diterimanya. Komposisi pakan tentunya harus memenuhi nutrisi yang dibutuhkan ayam broiler dengan harga minimal. Optimasi komposisi pakan dilakukan dengan metode Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Metode Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) merupakan teknik optimasi yang mengikuti perilaku sekelompok makhluk hidup untuk seumur hidup seperti sekelompok burung dan sekelompok ikan dalam mencari makanan. Dalam optimasi pakan dengan metode PSO ditentukan dengan melihat beberapa partikel dan mana partikel yang mempunyai nilai kebugaran terbaik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hasil optimasi komposisi pakan dengan metode PSO. Dari perhitungan menggunakan metode PSO dengan harga dari peternak memberikan selisih harga sebesar Rp. 186 dimana parameter PSO yang digunakan adalah r1 dan r2 sebesar 0,2 dan 0,4 serta nilai c1 dan c2 sebesar 2,1 dan 0,9","PeriodicalId":300313,"journal":{"name":"Kubik: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmiah Matematika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimasi Penugasan Mekanik Menggunakan Metode Hungarian pada Dealer AUTO 2000 di Kota Padang","authors":"Rara Sandhy Winanda, Fanessa Elrika Defitri, Rahmawati Rahmawati","doi":"10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":300313,"journal":{"name":"Kubik: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmiah Matematika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29290
Nyemas Yupika Sari, Evi Noviani, Fransiskus Fran
{"title":"Pelabelan Fibonacci Prima Ke-k Pada Graf H dan Graf Ulat H_n","authors":"Nyemas Yupika Sari, Evi Noviani, Fransiskus Fran","doi":"10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29290","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":300313,"journal":{"name":"Kubik: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmiah Matematika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139322997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29213
Rina Robiah, M. Kiftiah., Meliana Pasaribu
{"title":"Penentuan Solusi Optimal Pemrograman Kuadratik Menggunakan Metode Beale (Studi Kasus: Produksi Padi Kalimantan Barat)","authors":"Rina Robiah, M. Kiftiah., Meliana Pasaribu","doi":"10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":300313,"journal":{"name":"Kubik: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmiah Matematika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.15575/kubik.v8i2.25517
Ade Novia Rahma, Velyn Wulanda, Rahmawati Rahmawati, C. C. Marzuki
The matrix RSLPFLcircfr is a particular form of the circular matrix RSLPFLcircfr . This study aims to determine the general form of the inverse matrix RSLPFLcircfr to the power of positive integers. This research begins by determining the general form of the power of the matrix RSLPFLcircfr which is then proven by using mathematical induction. Next, predicting the determinant of the power of the matrix RSLPFLcircfr which is then continued by proving the form generalization of the determinant of the power of the matrix RSLPFLcircfr by direct proof using cofactor expansion. Furthermore, by determining the cofactor matrix of the power of the matrix RSLPFLcircfr we will obtain the inverse of the matrix to the power of the matrix RSLPFLcircfr using the adjoin method.
{"title":"Inverse Matrix RSLPFLcircfr (0,1/b,0) of Order 3×3 to the Power of Positive Integer Using Adjoin Method","authors":"Ade Novia Rahma, Velyn Wulanda, Rahmawati Rahmawati, C. C. Marzuki","doi":"10.15575/kubik.v8i2.25517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15575/kubik.v8i2.25517","url":null,"abstract":"The matrix RSLPFLcircfr is a particular form of the circular matrix RSLPFLcircfr . This study aims to determine the general form of the inverse matrix RSLPFLcircfr to the power of positive integers. This research begins by determining the general form of the power of the matrix RSLPFLcircfr which is then proven by using mathematical induction. Next, predicting the determinant of the power of the matrix RSLPFLcircfr which is then continued by proving the form generalization of the determinant of the power of the matrix RSLPFLcircfr by direct proof using cofactor expansion. Furthermore, by determining the cofactor matrix of the power of the matrix RSLPFLcircfr we will obtain the inverse of the matrix to the power of the matrix RSLPFLcircfr using the adjoin method.","PeriodicalId":300313,"journal":{"name":"Kubik: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmiah Matematika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.15575/kubik.v8i1.24809
Andri Azmul Fauzi, Dara Puspita Anggraeni, Lalu Muhammad Ridwan
In this paper, we conduct research by compiling an abridged life table using the graduation method based on real data obtained at Gegelang Village, West Lombok. The graduation methods used in this study included quadratic spline and Heligman-Pollard. Based on the results, a special case of A was chosen as a method used to make a rough life table before graduation. After the graduation process, it was found that the Heligman-Pollard method was the most suitable. This is based on the chart produced using this method, which is monotonous in nature and does not fluctuate like other graduation methods. In addition, the life expectancy obtained at 65.72 years is close to West Lombok's life expectancy based on 2015.
在本文中，我们根据在西龙目岛格格朗村获得的真实数据，采用分级法编制了简略生命表，从而开展研究。本研究中使用的分级方法包括二次样条曲线法和 Heligman-Pollard 法。根据研究结果，选择了 A 的特殊情况作为分级前制作粗略生命表的方法。分级过程结束后，发现 Heligman-Pollard 方法最为合适。这是因为使用这种方法制作的图表具有单调性，不会像其他分级方法那样出现波动。此外，65.72 岁的预期寿命与西龙目岛 2015 年的预期寿命接近。
{"title":"Quadratic Spline and Heligman-Pollard Methods in The Preparation of Life Tables in Gegelang Village West Lombok","authors":"Andri Azmul Fauzi, Dara Puspita Anggraeni, Lalu Muhammad Ridwan","doi":"10.15575/kubik.v8i1.24809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15575/kubik.v8i1.24809","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we conduct research by compiling an abridged life table using the graduation method based on real data obtained at Gegelang Village, West Lombok. The graduation methods used in this study included quadratic spline and Heligman-Pollard. Based on the results, a special case of A was chosen as a method used to make a rough life table before graduation. After the graduation process, it was found that the Heligman-Pollard method was the most suitable. This is based on the chart produced using this method, which is monotonous in nature and does not fluctuate like other graduation methods. In addition, the life expectancy obtained at 65.72 years is close to West Lombok's life expectancy based on 2015.","PeriodicalId":300313,"journal":{"name":"Kubik: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmiah Matematika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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