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KETERHUBUNGAN GRAF PEMBAGI TAK NOL DARI RING 环的非零因子图的连通性
Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29705
O. Putri, Vika Yugi Kurniawan
Misalkan R adalah suatu ring. Graf pembagi tak nol dari R yang dinotasikan dengan Q(R) merupakan graf sederhana yang himpunan vertex-nya adalah V(Q(R))=R{0,1,-1} dimana dua vertex berbeda x akan y adjacent jika dan hanya jika xy tak nol atau yx tak nol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat dasar graf pembagi tak nol dari ring suatu ring.  Sifat-sifat tersebut kemudian digunakan untuk menyelidiki syarat keterhubungan graf pembagi tak nol dari suatu ring. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur, yaitu dengan menghimpun dan mengkaji ulang berbagai sumber pustaka yang terkait dengan topik penelitian. Berdasarkan penyelidikan yang dilakukan, diperoleh hasil jika himpunan vertex V(Q(R)) mempunyai elemen invertible, maka Q(R) merupakan graf yang terhubung. Kemudian untuk kasus ring Zn diperoleh graf pembagi tak nol dari ring Zn atau Q(Zn) akan menjadi graf terhubung jika dan hanya jika n bukan diantara {1,2,3,6}. Selain itu, suatu graf Q(R) akan menjadi graf terhubung jika R adalah ring tereduksi dengan V(Q(R))>3.
假设 R 是一个环。R 的非零除数图用 Q(R) 表示,是一个顶点集为 V(Q(R))=R{0,1,-1} 的简单图,其中两个不同的顶点 x 相邻,当且仅当 xy 为非零或 yx 为非零。本研究旨在研究环的非零除数图的基本性质。 然后利用这些性质来研究环的非零除数图的连通性条件。本研究采用的方法是文献研究法,即收集和查阅与研究课题相关的各种文献资料。通过研究发现,如果顶点集 V(Q(R)) 有一个可逆元素,那么 Q(R) 是一个连通图。然后,对于环 Zn 的情况,当且仅当 n 不在 {1,2,3,6} 中时,环 Zn 的非零除数图或 Q(Zn) 将是一个连通图。此外,如果 R 是还原环,且 V(Q(R))>3,则图 Q(R) 将是一个连通图。
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引用次数: 0
Kaitan Ruang Vektor Matriks V_n dan C_n V_n 和 C_n 矩阵向量空间之间的关系
Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.15575/kubik.v8i2.30415
Inne Syafrian Putri, Alfina Rifda Anindya, Esih Sukaesih
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Virotherapy, Chemotherapy, and Immunotherapy to Immune System: Mathematical Modelling Approach 病毒疗法、化疗和免疫疗法对免疫系统的影响:数学建模方法
Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29521
Aminatus Sa'adah, Prihantini Prihantini, Bidayatul Masulah
Medical research and therapeutic interventions continue to evolve, and one interesting area of study is the complex interaction among virotherapy, chemotherapy, and the immune system. Each treatment has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to describe how the immune system, tumor cells, and normal cells interact when all three types of therapy are used to treat cancer patients. To determine the effectiveness of various treatments, numerical simulations of eight different treatment strategies were performed. These simulations measured how much the concentration of immune cells, tumor cells, and normal cells decreased as a result of the treatment. Based on the numerical simulations performed, the application of the three types of therapy provided the greatest reduction (99%) in the concentration of tumour cells but also provided a significant reduction (68%) in the concentration of immune cells in the body.
医学研究和治疗干预不断发展,其中一个有趣的研究领域是病毒疗法、化疗和免疫系统之间复杂的相互作用。每种疗法都有各自的优缺点。在这项研究中,我们建立了一个数学模型,以描述在使用这三种疗法治疗癌症患者时,免疫系统、肿瘤细胞和正常细胞是如何相互作用的。为了确定各种疗法的有效性,研究人员对八种不同的治疗策略进行了数值模拟。这些模拟测量了免疫细胞、肿瘤细胞和正常细胞的浓度因治疗而降低的程度。根据所进行的数值模拟,三种疗法的应用使肿瘤细胞的浓度降低幅度最大(99%),但同时也使体内免疫细胞的浓度显著降低(68%)。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of Fuzzy Black-Scholes Real Options Valuation Method on Nickel Smelter Investment Plan 在镍冶炼厂投资计划中实施模糊布莱克-斯科尔斯实物期权估值法
Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29738
Paiz Jalaludin, Alrafiful Rahman, I. G. Andirasdini
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Method In Determining The Composition of Animal Feed In Broiler Chickens With Minimum Cost 采用粒子群优化(PSO)方法以最低成本确定肉鸡饲料成分
Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29631
Taslima Dewi, Ismail Husein
Ayam pedaging merupakan salah satu jenis unggas vertebrata dan daging yang paling populer untuk dikonsumsi masyarakat Indonesia. Pertumbuhan ayam broiler sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas pakan yang diterimanya. Komposisi pakan tentunya harus memenuhi nutrisi yang dibutuhkan ayam broiler dengan harga minimal. Optimasi komposisi pakan dilakukan dengan metode Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Metode Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) merupakan teknik optimasi yang mengikuti perilaku sekelompok makhluk hidup untuk seumur hidup seperti sekelompok burung dan sekelompok ikan dalam mencari makanan. Dalam optimasi pakan dengan metode PSO ditentukan dengan melihat beberapa partikel dan mana partikel yang mempunyai nilai kebugaran terbaik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hasil optimasi komposisi pakan dengan metode PSO. Dari perhitungan menggunakan metode PSO dengan harga dari peternak memberikan selisih harga sebesar Rp. 186 dimana parameter PSO yang digunakan adalah r1 dan r2 sebesar 0,2 dan 0,4 serta nilai c1 dan c2 sebesar 2,1 dan 0,9
肉鸡是印度尼西亚最受欢迎的脊椎动物家禽和肉类之一。肉鸡的生长在很大程度上受到饲料质量的影响。饲料成分必须以最低的价格满足肉鸡所需的营养成分。饲料成分的优化采用了粒子群优化(PSO)方法。粒子群优化(PSO)方法是一种优化技术,它遵循一群生物一生的行为,如一群鸟和一群鱼寻找食物。在使用 PSO 方法进行饲料优化时,它是通过观察多个粒子以及哪个粒子具有最佳适应度值来确定的。本研究旨在了解用 PSO 方法优化饲料成分的结果。使用 PSO 方法与饲养者的价格计算得出的价格差异为 186 印尼盾,其中使用的 PSO 参数为 r1 和 r2 分别为 0.2 和 0.4,c1 和 c2 的值分别为 2.1 和 0.9。
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引用次数: 0
Optimasi Penugasan Mekanik Menggunakan Metode Hungarian pada Dealer AUTO 2000 di Kota Padang 巴东市 AUTO 2000 经销商使用匈牙利法优化技工分配
Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29196
Rara Sandhy Winanda, Fanessa Elrika Defitri, Rahmawati Rahmawati
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引用次数: 0
Pelabelan Fibonacci Prima Ke-k Pada Graf H dan Graf Ulat H_n 图形 H 和毛竹图 H_n 的第 k 个质数斐波那契标记
Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29290
Nyemas Yupika Sari, Evi Noviani, Fransiskus Fran
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引用次数: 0
Penentuan Solusi Optimal Pemrograman Kuadratik Menggunakan Metode Beale (Studi Kasus: Produksi Padi Kalimantan Barat) 使用 Beale 方法确定二次编程最优解(案例研究:西加里曼丹水稻生产)
Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.15575/kubik.v8i2.29213
Rina Robiah, M. Kiftiah., Meliana Pasaribu
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引用次数: 0
Inverse Matrix RSLPFLcircfr (0,1/b,0) of Order 3×3 to the Power of Positive Integer Using Adjoin Method 使用邻接法计算 3×3 阶正整数幂的逆矩阵 RSLPFLcircfr (0,1/b,0)
Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.15575/kubik.v8i2.25517
Ade Novia Rahma, Velyn Wulanda, Rahmawati Rahmawati, C. C. Marzuki
The matrix RSLPFLcircfr  is a particular form of the circular matrix RSLPFLcircfr . This study aims to determine the general form of the inverse matrix RSLPFLcircfr  to the power of positive integers. This research begins by determining the general form of the power of the matrix RSLPFLcircfr  which is then proven by using mathematical induction. Next, predicting the determinant of the power of the matrix RSLPFLcircfr which is then continued by proving the form generalization of the determinant of the power of the matrix RSLPFLcircfr by direct proof using cofactor expansion. Furthermore, by determining the cofactor matrix of the power of the matrix RSLPFLcircfr  we will obtain the inverse of the matrix to the power of the matrix RSLPFLcircfr  using the adjoin method.
矩阵 RSLPFLcircfr 是圆矩阵 RSLPFLcircfr 的一种特殊形式。本研究旨在确定正整数幂的逆矩阵 RSLPFLcircfr 的一般形式。本研究首先确定矩阵 RSLPFLcircfr 的幂的一般形式,然后用数学归纳法证明。接着,预测矩阵 RSLPFLcircfr 的幂的行列式,然后继续利用辅因式展开直接证明矩阵 RSLPFLcircfr 的幂的行列式的形式概化。此外,通过确定矩阵 RSLPFLcircfr 的幂的协因矩阵,我们将利用邻接法得到矩阵 RSLPFLcircfr 的幂的逆矩阵。
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引用次数: 0
Quadratic Spline and Heligman-Pollard Methods in The Preparation of Life Tables in Gegelang Village West Lombok 西龙目岛 Gegelang 村生命表编制中的二次样条曲线法和 Heligman-Pollard 法
Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.15575/kubik.v8i1.24809
Andri Azmul Fauzi, Dara Puspita Anggraeni, Lalu Muhammad Ridwan
In this paper, we conduct research by compiling an abridged life table using the graduation method based on real data obtained at Gegelang Village, West Lombok. The graduation methods used in this study included quadratic spline and Heligman-Pollard. Based on the results, a special case of A was chosen as a method used to make a rough life table before graduation. After the graduation process, it was found that the Heligman-Pollard method was the most suitable. This is based on the chart produced using this method, which is monotonous in nature and does not fluctuate like other graduation methods. In addition, the life expectancy obtained at 65.72 years is close to West Lombok's life expectancy based on 2015.
在本文中,我们根据在西龙目岛格格朗村获得的真实数据,采用分级法编制了简略生命表,从而开展研究。本研究中使用的分级方法包括二次样条曲线法和 Heligman-Pollard 法。根据研究结果,选择了 A 的特殊情况作为分级前制作粗略生命表的方法。分级过程结束后,发现 Heligman-Pollard 方法最为合适。这是因为使用这种方法制作的图表具有单调性,不会像其他分级方法那样出现波动。此外,65.72 岁的预期寿命与西龙目岛 2015 年的预期寿命接近。
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Kubik: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmiah Matematika
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