Archana Bali, Vladimir A Alexeev, R. White, D. Russell, A. McGuire, G. Kofinas
1 School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA (Corresponding author: abali@alaska.edu). 2 International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA. 3 Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA. 4 Yukon College, Box 10038, Whitehorse, YT, Y1A 7A1, Canada. 5 U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Fair banks, AK, 99775, USA.
{"title":"Long-term patterns of abiotic drivers of mosquito activity within summer ranges of Northern Alaska caribou herds (1979-2009).","authors":"Archana Bali, Vladimir A Alexeev, R. White, D. Russell, A. McGuire, G. Kofinas","doi":"10.7557/2.33.2.2542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.2.2542","url":null,"abstract":"1 School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA (Corresponding author: abali@alaska.edu). 2 International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA. 3 Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA. 4 Yukon College, Box 10038, Whitehorse, YT, Y1A 7A1, Canada. 5 U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Fair banks, AK, 99775, USA.","PeriodicalId":30034,"journal":{"name":"Rangifer","volume":"33 1","pages":"173-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71330948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction "e objective of this brief communication is to review how development of spreadsheet and computer simulation models of Rangifer biology/ecology has in#uenced construction of the CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment (CARMA) energy/protein model, which simulates body weight and condition and reproduction characteristics of a female caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in response to environmental inputs and reproductive history. A full description of input variables, driving algorithms and output variables of the CARMA energy/ protein model is being written for a peer-reviewed publication. "is publication also will be the basis of a manual to assist users as they exercise the model. In this publication we give rationale for algorithms and we justify the hierarchy used to allocate energy and protein resources throughout the model. Also in preparation is a publication that addresses veri$cation of key algorithms and performs a sensitivity analysis of key components of the model. "is review is restricted to models speci$c to Rangifer and published since the early 1970s. It covers the scope of input that in#uenced our modeling process and has import to understanding modeling of caribou biology and ecology in the last 40 years.
{"title":"CARMA's integrative modeling: historical background of modeling caribou and reindeer biology relevant to development of an energy/protein model.","authors":"R. White, C. Daniel, D. Russell","doi":"10.7557/2.33.2.2536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.2.2536","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \"e objective of this brief communication is to review how development of spreadsheet and computer simulation models of Rangifer biology/ecology has in#uenced construction of the CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment (CARMA) energy/protein model, which simulates body weight and condition and reproduction characteristics of a female caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in response to environmental inputs and reproductive history. A full description of input variables, driving algorithms and output variables of the CARMA energy/ protein model is being written for a peer-reviewed publication. \"is publication also will be the basis of a manual to assist users as they exercise the model. In this publication we give rationale for algorithms and we justify the hierarchy used to allocate energy and protein resources throughout the model. Also in preparation is a publication that addresses veri$cation of key algorithms and performs a sensitivity analysis of key components of the model. \"is review is restricted to models speci$c to Rangifer and published since the early 1970s. It covers the scope of input that in#uenced our modeling process and has import to understanding modeling of caribou biology and ecology in the last 40 years.","PeriodicalId":30034,"journal":{"name":"Rangifer","volume":"33 1","pages":"153-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71330848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Gunn, D. Russell, C. Daniel, R. White, G. Kofinas
32 (1), 2012 This journal is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License Editor in Chief: Birgitta Ahman, Technical Editor Eva Wiklund and Graphic Design: Bertil Larsson, www.rangifer.no Introduction One of the most frequent concerns about the future of migratory tundra caribou, Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus or granti, are the impacts of the cumulative e"ects of changing climate and land-use activities across herd’s ranges. Assessing cumulative e"ects is typically a requirement in environmental assessment of industrial developments but policy and technical limitations have hindered development of assessment methods (Duinker & Greig, 2006). Johnson & St.-Laurent (2011) commented on the lack of a methodological framework as one of the reasons for slow progress on cumulative e"ects. #ey suggested a framework based on the scaling from individual to population, the relative frequency, and magnitudes of e"ects and their regulation. We know quite a bit about individual caribou responses to human activities – interruptions to foraging and displacement of individuals at various distances from the disturbance (Aastrup, 2000; Cameron et al., 2005; Boulanger et al., 2012). However, to scale up from the behavioral responses of individual caribou to the population scale (Johnson & St.-Laurent, 2011) requires baseline information on the ‘state’ of the individual and population giving consideration to, for example, climate, population density, and genetic structure. At both the individual and population scale, we also have to consider environmental in$uences, especially weather and climate, which will be additive or compensatory to impacts imposed by human activities. To scale up the individual’s behavioral responses to the population requires being able to estimate the costs to the individual and whether those costs will a"ect its reproduction and survival. Estimating the costs of a behavioral response is not straight forward; as well as the energy costs of movement and interruption in foraging time, there may also be an e"ect on diet (energy protein intake) if a displacement puts the individual in a di"erent habitat. Understanding and integrating those relationships between behavior, habitat selection, energy and protein intake relative to reproduction and surRangifer, 33, Special Issue No. 21, 2013: 161–166 13 Arctic Ungulate Conference Yellowknife, Canada 22-26 August, 2011
主编:Birgitta Ahman，技术编辑Eva Wiklund，平面设计:Bertil Larsson, www.rangifer.no简介关于迁徙的苔原驯鹿(Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus或granti)的未来，最常见的担忧之一是气候变化和土地利用活动对牧群范围的累积影响。评估累积影响通常是工业发展环境评估的一项要求，但政策和技术限制阻碍了评估方法的发展(Duinker & Greig, 2006)。Johnson & st . laurent(2011)评论说，缺乏方法框架是累积效应进展缓慢的原因之一。他们提出了一个基于个体到群体的尺度、影响的相对频率和程度及其调控的框架。我们对驯鹿个体对人类活动的反应有相当多的了解——觅食的中断和个体在远离干扰的不同距离上的迁移(Aastrup, 2000;Cameron et al.， 2005;Boulanger et al.， 2012)。然而，要将单个驯鹿的行为反应扩大到种群规模(Johnson & st . laurent, 2011)，需要考虑到气候、种群密度和遗传结构等因素的个体和种群“状态”的基线信息。在个人和人口规模上，我们还必须考虑环境影响，特别是天气和气候，它们将对人类活动造成的影响起到附加或补偿作用。为了扩大个体对群体的行为反应，需要能够估计个体的成本，以及这些成本是否会影响其繁殖和生存。估计一种行为反应的成本并不是直截了当的;除了迁徙的能量消耗和觅食时间的中断，如果迁徙将个体置于不同的栖息地，也可能对饮食(能量蛋白质摄入)产生影响。生态学报，2013，第21期，第161-166页。2011年8月22-26日，中国科学院学报
{"title":"CARMA’s approach for the collaborative and inter-disciplinary assessment of cumulative effects","authors":"A. Gunn, D. Russell, C. Daniel, R. White, G. Kofinas","doi":"10.7557/2.33.2.2540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.2.2540","url":null,"abstract":"32 (1), 2012 This journal is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License Editor in Chief: Birgitta Ahman, Technical Editor Eva Wiklund and Graphic Design: Bertil Larsson, www.rangifer.no Introduction One of the most frequent concerns about the future of migratory tundra caribou, Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus or granti, are the impacts of the cumulative e\"ects of changing climate and land-use activities across herd’s ranges. Assessing cumulative e\"ects is typically a requirement in environmental assessment of industrial developments but policy and technical limitations have hindered development of assessment methods (Duinker & Greig, 2006). Johnson & St.-Laurent (2011) commented on the lack of a methodological framework as one of the reasons for slow progress on cumulative e\"ects. #ey suggested a framework based on the scaling from individual to population, the relative frequency, and magnitudes of e\"ects and their regulation. We know quite a bit about individual caribou responses to human activities – interruptions to foraging and displacement of individuals at various distances from the disturbance (Aastrup, 2000; Cameron et al., 2005; Boulanger et al., 2012). However, to scale up from the behavioral responses of individual caribou to the population scale (Johnson & St.-Laurent, 2011) requires baseline information on the ‘state’ of the individual and population giving consideration to, for example, climate, population density, and genetic structure. At both the individual and population scale, we also have to consider environmental in$uences, especially weather and climate, which will be additive or compensatory to impacts imposed by human activities. To scale up the individual’s behavioral responses to the population requires being able to estimate the costs to the individual and whether those costs will a\"ect its reproduction and survival. Estimating the costs of a behavioral response is not straight forward; as well as the energy costs of movement and interruption in foraging time, there may also be an e\"ect on diet (energy protein intake) if a displacement puts the individual in a di\"erent habitat. Understanding and integrating those relationships between behavior, habitat selection, energy and protein intake relative to reproduction and surRangifer, 33, Special Issue No. 21, 2013: 161–166 13 Arctic Ungulate Conference Yellowknife, Canada 22-26 August, 2011","PeriodicalId":30034,"journal":{"name":"Rangifer","volume":"33 1","pages":"161-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71330899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Russell, P. Whitfield, Jing Cai, A. Gunn, R. White, K. Poole
1 Yukon College, Box 10038, Whitehorse, YT, Y1A 7A1, Canada (Corresponding author: don.russell@ec.gc.ca). 2 Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, V5A 1S6, Canada. 3 Department of Statistics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, V5A 1S6, Canada. 4 368 Roland Road, Salt Spring Island, BC. V8K 1V1, Canada. 5 Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA. 6 Aurora Wildlife Research, 1918 Shannon Point Road, Nelson B. C., V1L 6K1, Canada.
{"title":"CARMA’s MERRA-based caribou range climate database","authors":"D. Russell, P. Whitfield, Jing Cai, A. Gunn, R. White, K. Poole","doi":"10.7557/2.33.2.2535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.2.2535","url":null,"abstract":"1 Yukon College, Box 10038, Whitehorse, YT, Y1A 7A1, Canada (Corresponding author: don.russell@ec.gc.ca). 2 Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, V5A 1S6, Canada. 3 Department of Statistics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, V5A 1S6, Canada. 4 368 Roland Road, Salt Spring Island, BC. V8K 1V1, Canada. 5 Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA. 6 Aurora Wildlife Research, 1918 Shannon Point Road, Nelson B. C., V1L 6K1, Canada.","PeriodicalId":30034,"journal":{"name":"Rangifer","volume":"33 1","pages":"145-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71330809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction In the CARMA (CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment) network we account for factors that a"ect reproduction and growth of an individual caribou through an energy/ protein model, which simulates body weight and condition of an individual female caribou (Rangifer tarandus) over time (Russell et al., 2005; Gunn et al., 2013; White et al., 2013). However, modeling mobilization of maternal fat and protein to support fetal growth and lactation is complex because energy and protein transactions occur through intermediary substrates (e.g., fatty acids, glucose, amino acids). In the energy/protein model, however, we do not overtly deal with intermediary substrates; rather, we model the amount of body fat and protein that can be measured in the #eld. CARMA has a large body condition data set for Arctic caribou (Rangifer tarandus) populations that allow us to set limits on seasonal fat and protein mobilization and accretion rates. Within the model we estimate daily energy and protein balances, and if negative, we estimate the amount of fat and protein that needs to be mobilized to satisfy demands. During gestation this exercise controls fetal growth, and during lactation it controls milk production and calf growth. As validation we rely on seasonal changes in body composition of female caribou (R. t. granti) of the Porcupine caribou herd (PCH) (Gerhart et al., 1996) and experimental data derived from caribou and reindeer (R. t. tarandus) fed a known diet and intake during late gestation (Barboza & Parker, 2006; 2008).
在CARMA(环北极放牧区监测和评估)网络中，我们通过能量/蛋白质模型来考虑影响单个驯鹿繁殖和生长的因素，该模型模拟了单个雌性驯鹿(Rangifer tarandus)随时间的体重和状况(Russell等人，2005;Gunn et al.， 2013;White et al.， 2013)。然而，模拟母体脂肪和蛋白质的动员以支持胎儿生长和哺乳是复杂的，因为能量和蛋白质的交易是通过中间底物(如脂肪酸、葡萄糖、氨基酸)进行的。然而，在能量/蛋白质模型中，我们不公开处理中间底物;相反，我们模拟了可以在现场测量的身体脂肪和蛋白质的数量。CARMA拥有大量北极驯鹿种群的身体状况数据集，使我们能够设定季节性脂肪和蛋白质动员和增加率的限制。在这个模型中，我们估计每天的能量和蛋白质平衡，如果是负数，我们估计需要动员的脂肪和蛋白质的数量来满足需求。在怀孕期间，这种运动控制胎儿生长，在哺乳期间，它控制产奶量和小牛生长。作为验证，我们依靠豪猪驯鹿群(PCH)雌性驯鹿(R. t. granti)身体组成的季节性变化(Gerhart等人，1996年)和从妊娠后期以已知饮食和摄入量喂养的驯鹿(R. t. tarandus)获得的实验数据(Barboza & Parker, 2006年;2008)。
{"title":"Modeling energy and protein reserves in support of gestation and lactation: glucose as a limiting metabolite in caribou and reindeer","authors":"R. White, D. Russell, C. Daniel","doi":"10.7557/2.33.2.2541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.2.2541","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction In the CARMA (CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment) network we account for factors that a\"ect reproduction and growth of an individual caribou through an energy/ protein model, which simulates body weight and condition of an individual female caribou (Rangifer tarandus) over time (Russell et al., 2005; Gunn et al., 2013; White et al., 2013). However, modeling mobilization of maternal fat and protein to support fetal growth and lactation is complex because energy and protein transactions occur through intermediary substrates (e.g., fatty acids, glucose, amino acids). In the energy/protein model, however, we do not overtly deal with intermediary substrates; rather, we model the amount of body fat and protein that can be measured in the #eld. CARMA has a large body condition data set for Arctic caribou (Rangifer tarandus) populations that allow us to set limits on seasonal fat and protein mobilization and accretion rates. Within the model we estimate daily energy and protein balances, and if negative, we estimate the amount of fat and protein that needs to be mobilized to satisfy demands. During gestation this exercise controls fetal growth, and during lactation it controls milk production and calf growth. As validation we rely on seasonal changes in body composition of female caribou (R. t. granti) of the Porcupine caribou herd (PCH) (Gerhart et al., 1996) and experimental data derived from caribou and reindeer (R. t. tarandus) fed a known diet and intake during late gestation (Barboza & Parker, 2006; 2008).","PeriodicalId":30034,"journal":{"name":"Rangifer","volume":"33 1","pages":"167-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71330915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
32 (1), 2012 This journal is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License Editor in Chief: Birgitta Ahman, Technical Editor Eva Wiklund and Graphic Design: Bertil Larsson, www.rangifer.no Introduction Many northern communities depend on caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) as a dietary staple and for their contributions to northern economies and cultures. In Rangifer sp., experimental removal of gastrointestinal helminth parasites has been associated with increased fat reserves and pregnancy rates, and it is generally accepted that the e"ects of these parasites on individuals can in#uence population dynamics and herd sustainability (Albon et al., 2002; Stien et al., 2002).
{"title":"Differences in parasite diversity, prevalence, and intensity assessed through analyses of fecal samples from two West Greenland caribou populations.","authors":"Jillian Steele, C. Cuyler, K. Orsel, S. Kutz","doi":"10.7557/2.33.2.2543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.2.2543","url":null,"abstract":"32 (1), 2012 This journal is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License Editor in Chief: Birgitta Ahman, Technical Editor Eva Wiklund and Graphic Design: Bertil Larsson, www.rangifer.no Introduction Many northern communities depend on caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) as a dietary staple and for their contributions to northern economies and cultures. In Rangifer sp., experimental removal of gastrointestinal helminth parasites has been associated with increased fat reserves and pregnancy rates, and it is generally accepted that the e\"ects of these parasites on individuals can in#uence population dynamics and herd sustainability (Albon et al., 2002; Stien et al., 2002).","PeriodicalId":30034,"journal":{"name":"Rangifer","volume":"33 1","pages":"177-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71330960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During 1999-2008 calf mortality was studied in six reindeer-herding cooperatives in Northern Finland, where 3942 semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) calves were equipped with radio mortality collars. The calves were weighed and earmarked mostly at 2-5 days of age, or at 2-8 weeks of age. Altogether 460 dead radio-collared calves were found from calving in May until winter round-ups in October-January. In northern mountain herding cooperatives, the average mortality of calves varied between 7-12%. On average, 39-54% of calves found dead were attributed to predation. Golden eagles killed 0-3.5% of calves in different years and areas in Ivalo and Kasivarsi cooperatives. Golden eagles were responsible for 33-43% of the cases and 84-93% of all identified predation. Most calves killed by golden eagles were found in July-August and in open areas. Calves killed by golden eagles were significantly (P<0.01) lighter than those not predated. No predation occurred in the Poikajarvi cooperative, but the annual mortality of calves varied between 0-35% in cooperatives near the Russian border. In Oivanki cooperative brown bears killed on average 2% of the radio-collared calves. Most predation (87%) occurred at the end of May and in early June. In the Kallioluoma cooperative, predator-killed calves found comprised 53% and wolf-killed 45%. Predation was 70% of total mortality in the Halla cooperative, and predation by wolf, bear, lynx and wolverine comprised on average 38%, 20%, 9% and 2.3%, respectively. The sex and pelt color did not significantly affect survival of calves. Birth weight of calves killed by bears was significantly (P<0.01) lighter than those not killed, but those calves killed by lynxes were significantly (P<0.05) heavier than that survived. Bears killed calves mainly in May-July, wolves in July-October and lynx in August-December.
{"title":"Calf mortality of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the Finnish reindeer-herding area","authors":"M. Nieminen, H. Norberg, Veikko Maijala","doi":"10.7557/2.33.2.2531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.2.2531","url":null,"abstract":"During 1999-2008 calf mortality was studied in six reindeer-herding cooperatives in Northern Finland, where 3942 semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) calves were equipped with radio mortality collars. The calves were weighed and earmarked mostly at 2-5 days of age, or at 2-8 weeks of age. Altogether 460 dead radio-collared calves were found from calving in May until winter round-ups in October-January. In northern mountain herding cooperatives, the average mortality of calves varied between 7-12%. On average, 39-54% of calves found dead were attributed to predation. Golden eagles killed 0-3.5% of calves in different years and areas in Ivalo and Kasivarsi cooperatives. Golden eagles were responsible for 33-43% of the cases and 84-93% of all identified predation. Most calves killed by golden eagles were found in July-August and in open areas. Calves killed by golden eagles were significantly (P<0.01) lighter than those not predated. No predation occurred in the Poikajarvi cooperative, but the annual mortality of calves varied between 0-35% in cooperatives near the Russian border. In Oivanki cooperative brown bears killed on average 2% of the radio-collared calves. Most predation (87%) occurred at the end of May and in early June. In the Kallioluoma cooperative, predator-killed calves found comprised 53% and wolf-killed 45%. Predation was 70% of total mortality in the Halla cooperative, and predation by wolf, bear, lynx and wolverine comprised on average 38%, 20%, 9% and 2.3%, respectively. The sex and pelt color did not significantly affect survival of calves. Birth weight of calves killed by bears was significantly (P<0.01) lighter than those not killed, but those calves killed by lynxes were significantly (P<0.05) heavier than that survived. Bears killed calves mainly in May-July, wolves in July-October and lynx in August-December.","PeriodicalId":30034,"journal":{"name":"Rangifer","volume":"35 1","pages":"79-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71330666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) are an important ecological, cultural and economic resource in Yukon, Canada. Three caribou ecotypes occur within Yukon: Grant’s (R. t. granti), northern mountain (R. t. caribou), and boreal (R. t. caribou). Northern mountain caribou are classified as a species of special concern under Canada’s Species at Risk Act, and a national management plan for northern mountain caribou was recently completed. Twenty-six northern mountain caribou herds occur at least partially within Yukon, representing approximately 30,000 – 35,000 animals. Active monitoring of Yukon’s northern mountain caribou began in earnest in the early 1980s. To date, over 200 fall composition surveys have been carried out, over 1000 animals have been fitted with radio-collars, and nearly 40 formal population estimates have been completed. Disease and contaminant monitoring of these caribou has indicated relatively low disease prevalence and contaminant loading. Northern mountain caribou are harvested in Yukon, with an average of 230 caribou harvested per year by licensed hunters (1995 – 2012) and an unknown number by First Nation hunters. Future challenges related to caribou management and conservation in Yukon include increasing levels of industrial development primarily through mineral exploration and development, ensuring harvest of these herds is conducted sustainably given the absence of total harvest information, inter-jurisdictional management of shared herds, existing uncertainty surrounding herd distribution and delineation, and dealing with vehicle-related mortality of caribou for certain herds. Overall, the population status (i.e., trend) of eight herds is known, with two increasing, two decreasing, and four stable.
{"title":"Status of northern mountain caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in Yukon, Canada","authors":"T. Hegel, Kyle R. Russell","doi":"10.7557/2.33.2.2528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.2.2528","url":null,"abstract":"Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) are an important ecological, cultural and economic resource in Yukon, Canada. Three caribou ecotypes occur within Yukon: Grant’s (R. t. granti), northern mountain (R. t. caribou), and boreal (R. t. caribou). Northern mountain caribou are classified as a species of special concern under Canada’s Species at Risk Act, and a national management plan for northern mountain caribou was recently completed. Twenty-six northern mountain caribou herds occur at least partially within Yukon, representing approximately 30,000 – 35,000 animals. Active monitoring of Yukon’s northern mountain caribou began in earnest in the early 1980s. To date, over 200 fall composition surveys have been carried out, over 1000 animals have been fitted with radio-collars, and nearly 40 formal population estimates have been completed. Disease and contaminant monitoring of these caribou has indicated relatively low disease prevalence and contaminant loading. Northern mountain caribou are harvested in Yukon, with an average of 230 caribou harvested per year by licensed hunters (1995 – 2012) and an unknown number by First Nation hunters. Future challenges related to caribou management and conservation in Yukon include increasing levels of industrial development primarily through mineral exploration and development, ensuring harvest of these herds is conducted sustainably given the absence of total harvest information, inter-jurisdictional management of shared herds, existing uncertainty surrounding herd distribution and delineation, and dealing with vehicle-related mortality of caribou for certain herds. Overall, the population status (i.e., trend) of eight herds is known, with two increasing, two decreasing, and four stable.","PeriodicalId":30034,"journal":{"name":"Rangifer","volume":"33 1","pages":"59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71330577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Responding to community concerns, the Gwich’in Renewable Resources Board (GRRB) and the Government of the Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources (ENR) conducted an aerial moose ( Alces alces ) survey in the Inuvik region of the Northwest Territories, Canada to estimate moose density and distribution. The survey was flown in March 2011 and a random stratified sample design was used. Local knowledge was incorporated in to the stratification of survey cells. Moose density in survey blocks ranged from 9.66 moose/100 km2 in the Ikhil Pipeline block to 0 in the Peel River block with a coarse overall moose density 2.24 moose/100 km2. Densities found were low but within expected range for the species in this region of North America based on past surveys. Normal 0 21 false false false SV X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Normal tabell"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
{"title":"Moose (Alces alces) population size and density in the Inuvik Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada.","authors":"Tracy Davison, K. Callaghan","doi":"10.7557/2.33.2.2537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.2.2537","url":null,"abstract":"Responding to community concerns, the Gwich’in Renewable Resources Board (GRRB) and the Government of the Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources (ENR) conducted an aerial moose ( Alces alces ) survey in the Inuvik region of the Northwest Territories, Canada to estimate moose density and distribution. The survey was flown in March 2011 and a random stratified sample design was used. Local knowledge was incorporated in to the stratification of survey cells. Moose density in survey blocks ranged from 9.66 moose/100 km2 in the Ikhil Pipeline block to 0 in the Peel River block with a coarse overall moose density 2.24 moose/100 km2. Densities found were low but within expected range for the species in this region of North America based on past surveys. Normal 0 21 false false false SV X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ \u0000 table.MsoNormalTable \u0000 {mso-style-name:\"Normal tabell\"; \u0000 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \u0000 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \u0000 mso-style-noshow:yes; \u0000 mso-style-priority:99; \u0000 mso-style-parent:\"\"; \u0000 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; \u0000 mso-para-margin-top:0cm; \u0000 mso-para-margin-right:0cm; \u0000 mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; \u0000 mso-para-margin-left:0cm; \u0000 line-height:115%; \u0000 mso-pagination:widow-orphan; \u0000 font-size:11.0pt; \u0000 font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"; \u0000 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; \u0000 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; \u0000 mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}","PeriodicalId":30034,"journal":{"name":"Rangifer","volume":"33 1","pages":"123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71330858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：