Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237898
H. R. Khan, F. Zafar, A. R. Qureshi, Q. Wahab
Guidelines and challenges in designing on-chip transformer baluns for radio frequency (RF) front-ends, especially for Power Amplifiers (PAs), are discussed. Multiple symmetric center-tapped transformer baluns are designed in Cadence Virtuoso Layout XL using 0.13μm CMOS technology and EM simulated using Sonnet 13.54. Simulation results of the final design are also verified using the transformer balun equivalent model in Cadence SpectreRF. Results show good correlation between theoretical calculations and simulation data from Sonnet. Also, comparison among our various balun designs is made on the basis of number of turns, coupling co-efficient, self-inductances, winding resistance, quality factor, phase and amplitude imbalance and area. The final design is used in a PA circuit that gives maximum 28dBm output power with an overall efficiency of 55% for an input power of 7dBm at 1.8GHz.
{"title":"Design & EM simulation of on-chip transformer baluns for RF power amplifiers","authors":"H. R. Khan, F. Zafar, A. R. Qureshi, Q. Wahab","doi":"10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237898","url":null,"abstract":"Guidelines and challenges in designing on-chip transformer baluns for radio frequency (RF) front-ends, especially for Power Amplifiers (PAs), are discussed. Multiple symmetric center-tapped transformer baluns are designed in Cadence Virtuoso Layout XL using 0.13μm CMOS technology and EM simulated using Sonnet 13.54. Simulation results of the final design are also verified using the transformer balun equivalent model in Cadence SpectreRF. Results show good correlation between theoretical calculations and simulation data from Sonnet. Also, comparison among our various balun designs is made on the basis of number of turns, coupling co-efficient, self-inductances, winding resistance, quality factor, phase and amplitude imbalance and area. The final design is used in a PA circuit that gives maximum 28dBm output power with an overall efficiency of 55% for an input power of 7dBm at 1.8GHz.","PeriodicalId":300639,"journal":{"name":"2012 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117075153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/APEMC.2012.6238007
G. Asmanis, A. Ašmanis, L. Ribickis
In this paper, the three phase EMI filter, characterized by S-parameters to extract mutual couplings, is first time analyzed to evaluate mutual coupling impact on filter insertion loss. The most important mutual couplings that distort insertion loss of three phase filter are discovered and analyzed.
{"title":"Analysis of high frequency effects in three phase EMI filters","authors":"G. Asmanis, A. Ašmanis, L. Ribickis","doi":"10.1109/APEMC.2012.6238007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEMC.2012.6238007","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the three phase EMI filter, characterized by S-parameters to extract mutual couplings, is first time analyzed to evaluate mutual coupling impact on filter insertion loss. The most important mutual couplings that distort insertion loss of three phase filter are discovered and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":300639,"journal":{"name":"2012 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116091933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237843
Xueying Lu, Yingxuan Chen, Cui Meng
There has been a heated debate on the harmful bioeffects of mobile phone radiation. In this study, we calculate the SAR in human head under electromagnetic radiation with a simplified model of the human head and the mobile phone antenna based on FDTD algorithm. We then analyze the influence of the frequency of mobile phones and the distance between the antenna and the human head. Our conclusion is that higher frequency and longer distance can possibly reduce danger.
{"title":"Calculation of the SAR distribution in human heads from mobile phone radiation based on FDTD algorithm","authors":"Xueying Lu, Yingxuan Chen, Cui Meng","doi":"10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237843","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a heated debate on the harmful bioeffects of mobile phone radiation. In this study, we calculate the SAR in human head under electromagnetic radiation with a simplified model of the human head and the mobile phone antenna based on FDTD algorithm. We then analyze the influence of the frequency of mobile phones and the distance between the antenna and the human head. Our conclusion is that higher frequency and longer distance can possibly reduce danger.","PeriodicalId":300639,"journal":{"name":"2012 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123360957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237951
J. Niihara, A. Ametani, K. Yamamoto
Installations of wind turbine generator systems are noteworthy examples of eco-friendly energy generation. Because larger-scale facilities and increased electrical capacity can be realized by increasing the number of turbines, wind energy can be utilized more efficiently than other clean energy sources. However, the number of lightning strikes has increased with the popularization of wind turbine generator systems because of their heights. The grounding potential increase owing to the flow of lightning current into the ground causes damage to equipment installed in the vicinity or inside the wind turbine system. The grounding potential rise depends on the transient characteristics of the grounding systems. Therefore, it is important to clarify these grounding characteristics. In this paper, the experimental results for the transient grounding characteristics of a wind turbine system with a counterpoise connecting it to another wind turbine grounding system are presented. In addition, to verify the effects of the counterpoise, we used the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method.
{"title":"Transient grounding characteristics of wind turbine with counterpoise","authors":"J. Niihara, A. Ametani, K. Yamamoto","doi":"10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237951","url":null,"abstract":"Installations of wind turbine generator systems are noteworthy examples of eco-friendly energy generation. Because larger-scale facilities and increased electrical capacity can be realized by increasing the number of turbines, wind energy can be utilized more efficiently than other clean energy sources. However, the number of lightning strikes has increased with the popularization of wind turbine generator systems because of their heights. The grounding potential increase owing to the flow of lightning current into the ground causes damage to equipment installed in the vicinity or inside the wind turbine system. The grounding potential rise depends on the transient characteristics of the grounding systems. Therefore, it is important to clarify these grounding characteristics. In this paper, the experimental results for the transient grounding characteristics of a wind turbine system with a counterpoise connecting it to another wind turbine grounding system are presented. In addition, to verify the effects of the counterpoise, we used the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method.","PeriodicalId":300639,"journal":{"name":"2012 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121614556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237933
B. Wu, Tingting Mo
As the increasing demand of small form factor and low-cost package drives the interconnect density, crosstalk noise due to the parasitic components set the limitation in off-die high speed signaling. This paper presents a barbed transmission line design to eliminate the far-end crosstalk by adding periodical stubs on the original microstrip structures. By purposely increasing the mutual capacitance, the signal discontinuity of microstrip line design is greatly improved for the multi-gigabit/second links in IC packages. The parametric analysis on stub tuning is given with geometric structures. The time-domain noise simulations and frequency domain crosstalk assessment are performed in accompany with the hardware experiments to verify the proposed concept.
{"title":"Barbed transmission lines for crosstalk suppression","authors":"B. Wu, Tingting Mo","doi":"10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237933","url":null,"abstract":"As the increasing demand of small form factor and low-cost package drives the interconnect density, crosstalk noise due to the parasitic components set the limitation in off-die high speed signaling. This paper presents a barbed transmission line design to eliminate the far-end crosstalk by adding periodical stubs on the original microstrip structures. By purposely increasing the mutual capacitance, the signal discontinuity of microstrip line design is greatly improved for the multi-gigabit/second links in IC packages. The parametric analysis on stub tuning is given with geometric structures. The time-domain noise simulations and frequency domain crosstalk assessment are performed in accompany with the hardware experiments to verify the proposed concept.","PeriodicalId":300639,"journal":{"name":"2012 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124211847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237979
Y. Horii
This paper introduces research history of multi-layered composite right/left-handed transmission lines (ML CRLH TLs) and demonstrates two types of super-compact ultra-wideband (UWB) band pass filters configured by LTCC-based ML CRLH TL architecture. UWB response (2.7-10.6 GHz in simulation and 2.4-10.6 GHz in experiment) is realized with extremely small overall dimensions of 1.5 × 1.5 × 0.95 mm3.
{"title":"Development of LTCC-based super-compact multi-layered CRLH transmission lines and broadband applications","authors":"Y. Horii","doi":"10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237979","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces research history of multi-layered composite right/left-handed transmission lines (ML CRLH TLs) and demonstrates two types of super-compact ultra-wideband (UWB) band pass filters configured by LTCC-based ML CRLH TL architecture. UWB response (2.7-10.6 GHz in simulation and 2.4-10.6 GHz in experiment) is realized with extremely small overall dimensions of 1.5 × 1.5 × 0.95 mm3.","PeriodicalId":300639,"journal":{"name":"2012 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":" 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120937272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237906
Lei Liu, Min Li, Ruihai Li, Zhanqing Yu, Zhihong Liu, R. Zeng, Xiangshi Liu
To measure the EM environment parameters of a transmission line in bad weather conditions (such as rain, wind,etc) is difficult for technical staff. In the National Engineering Laboratory for UHV Technology (Kunming), a test line has been completed for EM enviroment tests. An automotive EM environment testing system was installed under the line, and the radio interference (RI), audible noise (AN), resultant electric field (Es) and ion current density (Js) at ground level were measured at all weather conditons with the voltage from ±800kV to ±1000kV over two years. Based on the measurement results, this paper has studied the influence of meteorological parameters on the EM enviroment of the transmisison line.
{"title":"Influence of meteorological parameters on the EM environment of UHVDC transmission line at high altitude","authors":"Lei Liu, Min Li, Ruihai Li, Zhanqing Yu, Zhihong Liu, R. Zeng, Xiangshi Liu","doi":"10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237906","url":null,"abstract":"To measure the EM environment parameters of a transmission line in bad weather conditions (such as rain, wind,etc) is difficult for technical staff. In the National Engineering Laboratory for UHV Technology (Kunming), a test line has been completed for EM enviroment tests. An automotive EM environment testing system was installed under the line, and the radio interference (RI), audible noise (AN), resultant electric field (Es) and ion current density (Js) at ground level were measured at all weather conditons with the voltage from ±800kV to ±1000kV over two years. Based on the measurement results, this paper has studied the influence of meteorological parameters on the EM enviroment of the transmisison line.","PeriodicalId":300639,"journal":{"name":"2012 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123653311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237997
Yin-Cheng Chang, Bing-Yi Wang, S. Hsu, Yen-Tang Chang, Chiu-Kuo Chen, Y. Juang, Hsu-Chen Cheng, D. Chang
The evaluation flow for estimating the EMC behavior of RF ICs is proposed. Conducting the electronic design automation (EDA) tools, the evaluation flow naturally embeds in the conventional RF IC design flow and extracts the resistor, inductor, and capacitor components of the network efficiently. The results of the evaluation flow help the IC designer to generate the integrated circuit emission model (ICEM) composed of internal activity (IA) and power distribution network (PDN). It is useful for the co-design of IC, package, and board regarding the system-level EMC behavior in the very early design phase. The measured impedance of the PDN shows that the proposed flow is able to improve the accuracy of the predicted impedance. Additionally, the measured results of a board carrying an RF IC and being compliant with IEC-61967 show the proposed evaluation flow captures the salient properties of the spectrum emitted by the RF IC.
{"title":"The evaluation flow for EMC behavior of RF ICs","authors":"Yin-Cheng Chang, Bing-Yi Wang, S. Hsu, Yen-Tang Chang, Chiu-Kuo Chen, Y. Juang, Hsu-Chen Cheng, D. Chang","doi":"10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237997","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation flow for estimating the EMC behavior of RF ICs is proposed. Conducting the electronic design automation (EDA) tools, the evaluation flow naturally embeds in the conventional RF IC design flow and extracts the resistor, inductor, and capacitor components of the network efficiently. The results of the evaluation flow help the IC designer to generate the integrated circuit emission model (ICEM) composed of internal activity (IA) and power distribution network (PDN). It is useful for the co-design of IC, package, and board regarding the system-level EMC behavior in the very early design phase. The measured impedance of the PDN shows that the proposed flow is able to improve the accuracy of the predicted impedance. Additionally, the measured results of a board carrying an RF IC and being compliant with IEC-61967 show the proposed evaluation flow captures the salient properties of the spectrum emitted by the RF IC.","PeriodicalId":300639,"journal":{"name":"2012 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130890415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237803
E. Amador, C. Lemoine, Philippe Besnier
In this article, we propose an alternative approach for measuring the susceptibility level of an equipment under test in a reverberation chamber. Instead of using a statistical estimation of the maximum, our estimation is based on an estimation of the probability of failure of the equipment under test. We show through Monte Carlo simulations that the probability of failure of an equipment under test allows to predict with a good accuracy its susceptibility level. An experimental validation with a simple equipment under test shows that the susceptibility levels measured in a reverberation chamber are consistent with measurements performed in a GTEM cell.
{"title":"A probabilistic approach to susceptibility measurement in a reverberation chamber","authors":"E. Amador, C. Lemoine, Philippe Besnier","doi":"10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237803","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we propose an alternative approach for measuring the susceptibility level of an equipment under test in a reverberation chamber. Instead of using a statistical estimation of the maximum, our estimation is based on an estimation of the probability of failure of the equipment under test. We show through Monte Carlo simulations that the probability of failure of an equipment under test allows to predict with a good accuracy its susceptibility level. An experimental validation with a simple equipment under test shows that the susceptibility levels measured in a reverberation chamber are consistent with measurements performed in a GTEM cell.","PeriodicalId":300639,"journal":{"name":"2012 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130506540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/APEMC.2012.6238022
W. Hoefer
This paper retraces fifty years of research in electromagnetic fields and computational electromagnetics from an autobiographical perspective. It begins with early work on microwave ferrites at the RWTH Aachen and the University of Grenoble during the 1960s that laid the foundations for subsequent work on planar and quasi-planar circuits during the 1970s at the University of Ottawa. The 1980s and 1990s saw the emergence of computing in electromagnetics as a new pillar of microwave and millimetre-wave engineering, while the first decade of the 2nd millennium brought a new kind of man-made metamaterials with exciting new properties and potential for novel devices. Research activities conducted during these years at the Universities of Ottawa and Victoria in Canada, and finally at the IHPC in Singapore, will form the subject of this review.
{"title":"A history of time domain electromagnetics - a voyage back in time","authors":"W. Hoefer","doi":"10.1109/APEMC.2012.6238022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEMC.2012.6238022","url":null,"abstract":"This paper retraces fifty years of research in electromagnetic fields and computational electromagnetics from an autobiographical perspective. It begins with early work on microwave ferrites at the RWTH Aachen and the University of Grenoble during the 1960s that laid the foundations for subsequent work on planar and quasi-planar circuits during the 1970s at the University of Ottawa. The 1980s and 1990s saw the emergence of computing in electromagnetics as a new pillar of microwave and millimetre-wave engineering, while the first decade of the 2nd millennium brought a new kind of man-made metamaterials with exciting new properties and potential for novel devices. Research activities conducted during these years at the Universities of Ottawa and Victoria in Canada, and finally at the IHPC in Singapore, will form the subject of this review.","PeriodicalId":300639,"journal":{"name":"2012 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129609228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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