Abstract. The satellite-based cloud climate data record CLARA-A2 has been used to analyse regional average time-series and regional maps of trends in the Baltic Sea region, 1982–2015. The investigated cloud parameters were total fractional cloud cover and cloud top height. Cloud observations from the Tartu-Toravere meteorological station were used as reference data for the same period. Fractional cloud cover from CLARA-A2 was in a good agreement with in situ data regarding the maxima and minima years and a downward trend in March over the 1982–2015 period. In June the fractional cloud cover interannual variability was very high and no clear trend was seen. For cloud top heights summer and spring regional averages showed opposite signs of the trend: for June positive and for March negative. Winter and autumn seasons have been left out of analysis due to too large uncertainties in cloud products over latitudes higher than 60 ∘ .
{"title":"Changes in satellite-based cloud parameters in the Baltic Sea region during spring and summer (1982–2015)","authors":"P. Post, M. Aun","doi":"10.5194/asr-17-219-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-219-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The satellite-based cloud climate data record CLARA-A2\u0000has been used to analyse regional average time-series and regional maps of\u0000trends in the Baltic Sea region, 1982–2015. The investigated cloud\u0000parameters were total fractional cloud cover and cloud top height. Cloud\u0000observations from the Tartu-Toravere meteorological station were used as\u0000reference data for the same period. Fractional cloud cover from CLARA-A2 was\u0000in a good agreement with in situ data regarding the maxima and minima years\u0000and a downward trend in March over the 1982–2015 period. In June the\u0000fractional cloud cover interannual variability was very high and no clear\u0000trend was seen. For cloud top heights summer and spring regional averages\u0000showed opposite signs of the trend: for June positive and for March\u0000negative. Winter and autumn seasons have been left out of analysis due to\u0000too large uncertainties in cloud products over latitudes higher than\u000060 ∘ .","PeriodicalId":30081,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Research","volume":"148 1","pages":"219-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77342012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergi Gonzalez, A. Callado, M. J. Fresnadillo Martínez, Benito Elvira
Abstract. Kilometric-resolution Ensemble Prediction Systems (EPSs) will be the new state-of-the-art forecasting tools for short-range prediction in the following decade. Their value will be even greater in Antarctica due to the increasingly demanding weather forecasts for logistic services. During the 2018–2019 austral summer (1 December–31 March), coinciding with the Southern Hemisphere Special Observation Period of the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP), the 2.5 km AEMET- γ SREPS was operationally integrated over the Antarctic Peninsula. In particular, the Antarctic version of γ SREPS comes up with crossing four non-hydrostatic convection-permitting NWP models at 2.5 km with three global NWP driving models as boundary conditions. The γ SREPS forecasting system has been validated in comparison with ECMWF EPS. It is concluded that γ SREPS has an added value to ECMWF EPS due to both its higher resolution and its multi-boundary conditions and multi-NWP model approach. γ SREPS performance has a positive impact on logistic activities at research stations and its design may contribute to polar prediction research.
{"title":"The AEMET-γSREPS over the Antarctic Peninsula and the impact of kilometric-resolution EPS on logistic activities on the continent","authors":"Sergi Gonzalez, A. Callado, M. J. Fresnadillo Martínez, Benito Elvira","doi":"10.5194/asr-17-209-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-209-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Kilometric-resolution Ensemble Prediction Systems (EPSs)\u0000will be the new state-of-the-art forecasting tools for short-range\u0000prediction in the following decade. Their value will be even greater in\u0000Antarctica due to the increasingly demanding weather forecasts for logistic\u0000services. During the 2018–2019 austral summer (1 December–31 March),\u0000coinciding with the Southern Hemisphere Special Observation Period of the\u0000Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP), the 2.5 km AEMET- γ SREPS was\u0000operationally integrated over the Antarctic Peninsula. In particular, the\u0000Antarctic version of γ SREPS comes up with crossing four\u0000non-hydrostatic convection-permitting NWP models at 2.5 km with three global NWP driving models as boundary conditions. The γ SREPS forecasting system has been validated in comparison with ECMWF EPS. It is concluded that γ SREPS has an added value to ECMWF EPS due to both its higher resolution and its multi-boundary conditions and multi-NWP model approach. γ SREPS performance has a positive impact on logistic activities at research stations and its design may contribute to polar prediction research.","PeriodicalId":30081,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"209-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89699140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. P. Amblar-Francés, P. Ramos-Calzado, Jorge Sanchis-Lladó, Alfonso Hernanz-Lázaro, María C. Peral-García, B. Navascués, Marta Domínguez-Alonso, M. Pastor-Saavedra, E. Rodríguez‐Camino
Abstract. The Pyrenees, located in the transition zone of Atlantic and Mediterranean climates, constitute a paradigmatic example of mountains undergoing rapid changes in environmental conditions, with potential impact on the availability of water resources, mainly for downstream populations. High-resolution probabilistic climate change projections for precipitation and temperature are a crucial element for stakeholders to make well-informed decisions on adaptation to new climate conditions. In this line, we have generated high–resolution climate projections for 21st century by applying two statistical downscaling methods (regression for max and min temperatures, and analogue for precipitation) over the Pyrenees region in the frame of the CLIMPY project over a new high-resolution (5 km × 5 km) observational grid using 24 climate models from CMIP5. The application of statistical downscaling to such a high resolution observational grid instead of station data partially circumvent the problems associated to the non-uniform distribution of observational in situ data. This new high resolution projections database based on statistical algorithms complements the widely used EUROCORDEX data based on dynamical downscaling and allows to identify features that are dependent on the particular downscaling method. In our analysis, we not only focus on maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation changes but also on changes in some relevant extreme indexes, being 1986–2005 the reference period. Although climate models predict a general increase in temperature extremes for the end of the 21st century, the exact spatial distribution of changes in temperature and much more in precipitation remains uncertain as they are strongly model dependent. Besides, for precipitation, the uncertainty associated to models can mask – depending on the zones- the signal of change. However, the large number of downscaled models and the high resolution of the used grid allow us to provide differential information at least at massif level. The impact of the RCP becomes significant for the second half of the 21st century, with changes – differentiated by massifs – of extreme temperatures and analysed associated extreme indexes for RCP8.5 at the end of the century.
{"title":"High resolution climate change projections for the Pyrenees region","authors":"M. P. Amblar-Francés, P. Ramos-Calzado, Jorge Sanchis-Lladó, Alfonso Hernanz-Lázaro, María C. Peral-García, B. Navascués, Marta Domínguez-Alonso, M. Pastor-Saavedra, E. Rodríguez‐Camino","doi":"10.5194/ASR-17-191-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ASR-17-191-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Pyrenees, located in the transition zone of Atlantic and Mediterranean climates, constitute a paradigmatic example of mountains undergoing rapid changes in environmental conditions, with potential impact on the availability of water resources, mainly for downstream populations. High-resolution probabilistic climate change projections for precipitation\u0000and temperature are a crucial element for stakeholders to make well-informed decisions on adaptation to new climate conditions. In this line, we have generated high–resolution climate projections for 21st century by applying two statistical downscaling methods (regression for max and min temperatures, and analogue for precipitation) over the Pyrenees region in the frame of the CLIMPY project over a new high-resolution (5 km × 5 km) observational grid using 24 climate models from CMIP5. The application of statistical downscaling to such a high resolution observational grid instead of station data partially circumvent the problems associated to the non-uniform distribution of observational in situ data. This new high resolution projections database based on statistical algorithms complements the widely used EUROCORDEX data based on dynamical downscaling and allows to identify features that are dependent on the particular downscaling method. In our analysis, we not only focus on maximum and minimum temperatures and\u0000precipitation changes but also on changes in some relevant extreme indexes,\u0000being 1986–2005 the reference period. Although climate models predict a\u0000general increase in temperature extremes for the end of the 21st century,\u0000the exact spatial distribution of changes in temperature and much more in\u0000precipitation remains uncertain as they are strongly model dependent. Besides, for precipitation, the uncertainty associated to models can mask\u0000– depending on the zones- the signal of change. However, the large number\u0000of downscaled models and the high resolution of the used grid allow us to\u0000provide differential information at least at massif level. The impact of the RCP becomes significant for the second half of the 21st century, with\u0000changes – differentiated by massifs – of extreme temperatures and analysed associated extreme indexes for RCP8.5 at the end of the century.","PeriodicalId":30081,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"191-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85724636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. W. Frank, F. Kaspar, J. Keller, Till Adams, Miriam Felkers, B. Fischer, M. Handte, P. Marrón, Hinrich Paulsen, M. Neteler, J. Schiewe, Marvin Schuchert, C. Nickel, R. Wacker, Richard Figura
Abstract. Access to high quality weather and climate data is crucial for a wide range of societal and economic issues. It allows optimising industrial processes, supports the identification of potential risks related to climate change or allows the development of corresponding adaptation and mitigation strategies. Although such data is freely available through Germany’s national meteorological service DWD (Deutscher Wetterdienst) since 2017, the application potential in industry and society has certainly not yet been fully unlocked. Major obstacles are the complexity of the raw data, as well as missing tools for their simple integration into existing industrial applications. The goal of the research project FAIR is to simplify the information exchange between the DWD and economical players. In order to reach this goal a requirement analysis with end-users of weather data from three different sectors was conducted. A central requirement regarding the site assessment of wind plants is quick and easy access to historical wind-series at specific sites. Preferably downloadable in formats like CSV or via an API. Event planning partners are interested in a quick access to health relevant weather information at their event location, and the E-mobility sector in temperature data along planned routes. In this paper, we summarize the results of the requirement analysis and present the deduced technical architecture and FAIR services aiming at a user-friendly exchange of weather data.
{"title":"FAIR: a project to realize a user-friendly exchange of open weather data","authors":"C. W. Frank, F. Kaspar, J. Keller, Till Adams, Miriam Felkers, B. Fischer, M. Handte, P. Marrón, Hinrich Paulsen, M. Neteler, J. Schiewe, Marvin Schuchert, C. Nickel, R. Wacker, Richard Figura","doi":"10.5194/ASR-17-183-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ASR-17-183-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Access to high quality weather and climate data is crucial for a wide range of societal and economic issues. It allows optimising industrial processes, supports the identification of potential risks related to climate change or allows the development of corresponding adaptation and mitigation strategies. Although such data is freely available through Germany’s national meteorological service DWD (Deutscher Wetterdienst) since 2017, the application potential in industry and society has certainly not yet been fully unlocked. Major obstacles are the complexity of the raw data, as well as missing tools for their simple integration into existing industrial applications. The goal of the research project FAIR is to simplify the information exchange between the DWD and economical players. In order to reach this goal a requirement analysis with end-users of weather data from three different sectors was conducted. A central requirement regarding the site assessment of wind plants is quick and easy access to historical wind-series at specific sites. Preferably downloadable in formats like CSV or via an API. Event planning partners are interested in a quick access to health relevant weather information at their event location, and the E-mobility sector in temperature data along planned routes. In this paper, we summarize the results of the requirement analysis and present the deduced technical architecture and FAIR services aiming at a user-friendly exchange of weather data.","PeriodicalId":30081,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Research","volume":"92 1","pages":"183-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80363743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-17DOI: 10.11648/J.SR.20200805.13
Dirriba Mengistu
This study was undertaken in Borana zone to evaluate the livestock production and composition using 125 respondents. The sample households were selected randomly from the randomly selected districts and PAs. The result showed that the livelihood diversification is the reality on the ground unlike the pastoralism jargon. The survey data indicated that crop production covers about 22% of annual income of the Agro/pastoralists. The diversification to the drought resistant livestock and dryland crop farming become expanded in the zone. However, the shift from cattle dominance social system to crop and drought resistant livestock should be examined from economics autonomy besides ecological maintenance. Additionally, this research did not provided attention to the optimization of pastoral livelihood diversification to systemize the natural enforced diversification in the pastoral area. Additionally, this conclusion opens the entry for further investigation to prove the wealth dynamics and asset diversification index in the pastoral area. Thus, it calls for further pastoral economy (income) analysis beyond this study, which demands an integrative research and development interventions to balance the livelihood diversification and ecological balance.
{"title":"The Conquest of Cattle Dominancy Statuesque in Pastoral Area: A Case of Borana Pastoral in Southern Ethiopia, Ethiopia","authors":"Dirriba Mengistu","doi":"10.11648/J.SR.20200805.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.SR.20200805.13","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken in Borana zone to evaluate the livestock production and composition using 125 respondents. The sample households were selected randomly from the randomly selected districts and PAs. The result showed that the livelihood diversification is the reality on the ground unlike the pastoralism jargon. The survey data indicated that crop production covers about 22% of annual income of the Agro/pastoralists. The diversification to the drought resistant livestock and dryland crop farming become expanded in the zone. However, the shift from cattle dominance social system to crop and drought resistant livestock should be examined from economics autonomy besides ecological maintenance. Additionally, this research did not provided attention to the optimization of pastoral livelihood diversification to systemize the natural enforced diversification in the pastoral area. Additionally, this conclusion opens the entry for further investigation to prove the wealth dynamics and asset diversification index in the pastoral area. Thus, it calls for further pastoral economy (income) analysis beyond this study, which demands an integrative research and development interventions to balance the livelihood diversification and ecological balance.","PeriodicalId":30081,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78473211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-15DOI: 10.11648/J.SR.20200805.11
H. Mohammed, F. Ahmed, A. N. Adedeji
The decade attacks of Boko Haram insurgent has left many people displaced and destroyed many lives and properties in the Northeast Nigeria. However, little attention is paid to the degree at which this conflict has affected influential business activities especially cattle supply. The study examined the effect of Boko Haram insurgency on cattle marketers in Kasuwan Shanu, Maiduguri, Borno State. A structured questionnaire was designed to gather primary data from selected cattle marketers. Descriptive statistics and business budget model were used for data analysis. Furthermore, percentage change of employment generated by cattle marketing dropped by 100% from 2009-2014. The result showed that, before insurgency 81% of the cattle traders earned above N80,000.00 as income per month, while about 57% earned less than N80,000 during insurgency per month in study area. The result revealed that cattle supply is drastically reduced by almost 96% during insurgency. More so, the net profit per head of cattle during the insurgency was about ₦29,500, dropped from ₦51,200 before the insurgency. As the condition is currently perceived to be enabling and conducive in the state, there is need for concerted effort to be made by all the stakeholders in revamping the cattle business to return and spin-off the economy of the state.
{"title":"Effect of Insurgency on Cattle Markets in Northeast Nigeria: Appraisal of Kasuwan Shanu Cattle Market, Maiduguri, Borno State","authors":"H. Mohammed, F. Ahmed, A. N. Adedeji","doi":"10.11648/J.SR.20200805.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.SR.20200805.11","url":null,"abstract":"The decade attacks of Boko Haram insurgent has left many people displaced and destroyed many lives and properties in the Northeast Nigeria. However, little attention is paid to the degree at which this conflict has affected influential business activities especially cattle supply. The study examined the effect of Boko Haram insurgency on cattle marketers in Kasuwan Shanu, Maiduguri, Borno State. A structured questionnaire was designed to gather primary data from selected cattle marketers. Descriptive statistics and business budget model were used for data analysis. Furthermore, percentage change of employment generated by cattle marketing dropped by 100% from 2009-2014. The result showed that, before insurgency 81% of the cattle traders earned above N80,000.00 as income per month, while about 57% earned less than N80,000 during insurgency per month in study area. The result revealed that cattle supply is drastically reduced by almost 96% during insurgency. More so, the net profit per head of cattle during the insurgency was about ₦29,500, dropped from ₦51,200 before the insurgency. As the condition is currently perceived to be enabling and conducive in the state, there is need for concerted effort to be made by all the stakeholders in revamping the cattle business to return and spin-off the economy of the state.","PeriodicalId":30081,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85351799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-15DOI: 10.11648/J.SR.20200805.12
G. Abebe
This studies focusing on investigating the source of inequality in urban part of Ethiopia. The study are more of descriptive and econometric analysis was employed as general method of analysis by using the raw data collected from central Stastical authority based on the regression decomposition methodology of fields. The empirical result tells that the variables like age, sex, household size, gender and marital status have negative relation with expenditure/income and this variable is the highest contributor for variation in income/expenditure among the urban society in Ethiopia while the remaining variables like age square, value, numbers of household head with primary education, numbers of household head with secondary education, and numbers of household head with tertiary education are positively related with expenditure/income or positively affect expenditure in the household head and this variable is highest contributor for reducing the deviation among the urban society interms of income/expenditure. The employment, the occupation and the race are also having a great contribution for the inequality of income in urban part of our country. The government should employ poor oriented policy in order to curb income inequality especially the government should invest urban infrastructural development (road, private and condominium housing construction) which have a great contribution to reduce inequality among the household head in urban Ethiopia.
{"title":"Factors Influencing Income Inequality in Urban Ethiopia (Cross-sectional Analysis)","authors":"G. Abebe","doi":"10.11648/J.SR.20200805.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.SR.20200805.12","url":null,"abstract":"This studies focusing on investigating the source of inequality in urban part of Ethiopia. The study are more of descriptive and econometric analysis was employed as general method of analysis by using the raw data collected from central Stastical authority based on the regression decomposition methodology of fields. The empirical result tells that the variables like age, sex, household size, gender and marital status have negative relation with expenditure/income and this variable is the highest contributor for variation in income/expenditure among the urban society in Ethiopia while the remaining variables like age square, value, numbers of household head with primary education, numbers of household head with secondary education, and numbers of household head with tertiary education are positively related with expenditure/income or positively affect expenditure in the household head and this variable is highest contributor for reducing the deviation among the urban society interms of income/expenditure. The employment, the occupation and the race are also having a great contribution for the inequality of income in urban part of our country. The government should employ poor oriented policy in order to curb income inequality especially the government should invest urban infrastructural development (road, private and condominium housing construction) which have a great contribution to reduce inequality among the household head in urban Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":30081,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90610811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-28DOI: 10.11648/j.sr.20200804.12
Md. Tareq Hasan
Bangladesh is a developing country where mobile network operators had been started from 1993 through AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service) and later on CDMA (Code-Division Multiple Access) technology was introduced and mobile banking facilities were started clearly under a guideline of the central bank of Bangladesh on ‘Mobile Financial Services for Banks’ in September 2011. Though m-banking is a newer service in the country meanwhile it has got very popularity within a short time due to inadequate traditional banking facilities. In this study, mobile banking of Bangladesh has been emphasized on some transactional usages and with a new concept. There are many villages in Bangladesh where no financial institution exists physically for financial transactions yet. Through this study, the researcher also found that many villages are very far away from the bank area. But people who have no bank accounts are now habituated with mobile banking facilities and happy with the services. Since some financial institutions are allowing their subscribers (mobile banking account holders) to use ATM facilities for cash withdrawal, so the m-banking is being popular in the village, semi-urban, urban, and city areas. The subscribers are being accustomed to mobile banking services and the users are also increasing tremendously with time.
{"title":"M-Banking: The Transaction Revolution in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Tareq Hasan","doi":"10.11648/j.sr.20200804.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20200804.12","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh is a developing country where mobile network operators had been started from 1993 through AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service) and later on CDMA (Code-Division Multiple Access) technology was introduced and mobile banking facilities were started clearly under a guideline of the central bank of Bangladesh on ‘Mobile Financial Services for Banks’ in September 2011. Though m-banking is a newer service in the country meanwhile it has got very popularity within a short time due to inadequate traditional banking facilities. In this study, mobile banking of Bangladesh has been emphasized on some transactional usages and with a new concept. There are many villages in Bangladesh where no financial institution exists physically for financial transactions yet. Through this study, the researcher also found that many villages are very far away from the bank area. But people who have no bank accounts are now habituated with mobile banking facilities and happy with the services. Since some financial institutions are allowing their subscribers (mobile banking account holders) to use ATM facilities for cash withdrawal, so the m-banking is being popular in the village, semi-urban, urban, and city areas. The subscribers are being accustomed to mobile banking services and the users are also increasing tremendously with time.","PeriodicalId":30081,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Research","volume":"65 1","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90156245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Lükő, P. Torma, T. Krámer, T. Weidinger, Ž. Večenaj, B. Grisogono
Abstract. Wind-induced waves play a key role in air–sea momentum and heat exchange. Fetch-limited shallow lakes differ significantly from open ocean circumstances since the wave field is characterized by young and growing waves that (i) are steeper and can collapse by white-capping at lower wind speeds, and (ii) travel with lower phase velocity. Consequently, momentum (and heat) flux estimation methods arising from oceanographic observations cannot be directly applied; however, few attempts have been made to describe air–water turbulent exchange in case of large, but still fetch-limited shallow lakes. Within a Croatian-Hungarian measurement campaign, turbulent flux measurements were performed in Lake Balaton. Momentum and heat fluxes were measured with eddy-covariance technique at an offshore station, while waves were simultaneously recorded with underwater acoustic surface tracking. Momentum fluxes were also recorded at two further stations closer to the shore. In this study, we analyze the measured wind stress and surface waves to reveal surface drag in case of highly fetch-limited conditions. We compare our results with relevant model formulations that attempt to estimate momentum flux using different wave state parameterizations (i.e. wave age and wave slope modified Charnock formulations) and show that derived drag and roughness length parameterizations differ significantly from oceanographic formulas.
{"title":"Observation of wave-driven air–water turbulent momentum exchange in a large but fetch-limited shallow lake","authors":"G. Lükő, P. Torma, T. Krámer, T. Weidinger, Ž. Večenaj, B. Grisogono","doi":"10.5194/asr-17-175-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-175-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Wind-induced waves play a key role in air–sea momentum and heat exchange. Fetch-limited shallow lakes differ significantly from open ocean circumstances since the wave field is characterized by young and growing waves that (i) are steeper and can collapse by white-capping at lower wind speeds, and (ii) travel with lower phase velocity. Consequently, momentum (and heat) flux estimation methods arising from oceanographic observations cannot be directly applied; however, few attempts have been made to describe air–water turbulent exchange in case of large, but still fetch-limited shallow lakes. Within a Croatian-Hungarian measurement campaign, turbulent flux measurements were performed in Lake Balaton.\u0000Momentum and heat fluxes were measured with eddy-covariance technique at an\u0000offshore station, while waves were simultaneously recorded with underwater\u0000acoustic surface tracking. Momentum fluxes were also recorded at two further stations closer to the shore. In this study, we analyze the measured wind stress and surface waves to reveal surface drag in case of highly fetch-limited conditions. We compare our results with relevant model\u0000formulations that attempt to estimate momentum flux using different wave\u0000state parameterizations (i.e. wave age and wave slope modified Charnock\u0000formulations) and show that derived drag and roughness length parameterizations differ significantly from oceanographic formulas.","PeriodicalId":30081,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"175-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75727924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Barry, D. Böttcher, K. Pfeilsticker, Anna Herman-Czezuch, N. Kimiaie, S. Meilinger, C. Schirrmeister, H. Deneke, Jonas Witthuhn, Felix Gödde
Abstract. The temperature of photovoltaic modules is modelled as a dynamic function of ambient temperature, shortwave and longwave irradiance and wind speed, in order to allow for a more accurate characterisation of their efficiency. A simple dynamic thermal model is developed by extending an existing parametric steady-state model using an exponential smoothing kernel to include the effect of the heat capacity of the system. The four parameters of the model are fitted to measured data from three photovoltaic systems in the Allgau region in Germany using non-linear optimisation. The dynamic model reduces the root-mean-square error between measured and modelled module temperature to 1.58 K on average, compared to 3.03 K for the steady-state model, whereas the maximum instantaneous error is reduced from 20.02 to 6.58 K.
{"title":"Dynamic model of photovoltaic module temperature as a function of atmospheric conditions","authors":"J. Barry, D. Böttcher, K. Pfeilsticker, Anna Herman-Czezuch, N. Kimiaie, S. Meilinger, C. Schirrmeister, H. Deneke, Jonas Witthuhn, Felix Gödde","doi":"10.5194/asr-17-165-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-165-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The temperature of photovoltaic modules is modelled as a dynamic function of ambient temperature, shortwave and longwave irradiance and wind speed, in order to allow for a more accurate characterisation of their efficiency. A simple dynamic thermal model is developed by extending an existing parametric steady-state model using an exponential smoothing kernel to include the effect of the heat capacity of the system. The four parameters of the model are fitted to measured data from three photovoltaic systems in the Allgau region in Germany using non-linear optimisation. The dynamic model reduces the root-mean-square error between measured and modelled module temperature to 1.58 K on average, compared to 3.03 K for the steady-state model, whereas the maximum instantaneous error is reduced from 20.02 to 6.58 K.","PeriodicalId":30081,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Research","volume":"72 1","pages":"165-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83953783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：