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Attitudes Towards Filial Responsibility in 11 European Countries 11 个欧洲国家对孝道责任的态度
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.23979/fypr.132000
Juha Kääriäinen, M. Danielsbacka, A. Tanskanen
This study examines how attitudes towards filial responsibility (AFR) have changed in 11 European countries between 2001 and 2017, based on data from the International Social Survey Programme. These countries include various types of welfare states and family traditions. The study also analyses the change in AFR according to the respondents’ gender and age. The findings indicate that in 2017, individuals reported lower filial responsibility than in 2001, with the exception of Great Britain, where the AFR increased. The most substantial decreases in AFR were observed in Hungary, France, Denmark, and Finland. This negative shift is visible in both genders and all age groups, particularly late middle-aged women. However, despite the varying intensity of AFR change, it was challenging to identify clear patterns in the variations between countries. These results highlight potential negative effects on political proposals for long-term care for older adults supported by younger generations.
本研究以国际社会调查计划的数据为基础,探讨了 2001 年至 2017 年间 11 个欧洲国家对孝道(AFR)的态度发生了怎样的变化。这些国家包括各种类型的福利国家和家庭传统。研究还根据受访者的性别和年龄分析了AFR的变化。研究结果表明,2017 年,个人报告的孝道责任低于 2001 年,只有英国例外,其 AFR 有所上升。AFR下降幅度最大的国家是匈牙利、法国、丹麦和芬兰。这一消极变化在男女和各年龄组都很明显,尤其是中年妇女。然而,尽管非洲裔美国人的变化强度各不相同,要在各国之间的变化中找出清晰的模式却很困难。这些结果凸显了年轻一代支持的老年人长期护理政治建议可能产生的负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Swedish Generations and Gender Survey 2021 2021 年瑞典代际和性别调查
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.23979/fypr.137453
G. Neyer, Gunnar Andersson, Johan Dahlberg
The Swedish Generations and Gender Survey 2021 (GGS2021) was the second GGS that Sweden carried out. It was a web-based survey with a paper-based option. Like the first GGS in Sweden (GGS2012) it was linked to register data that cover key dimensions of respondents’ life courses. The Swedish GGS2021 contains two new modules implemented to further research on the link between subjective perceptions and fertility. Both modules will be part of the second wave of the international GGS standard questionnaire. In this contribution, we first describe our motivation to carry out the SwedishGGS2021. We then present our two new modules and sketch their theoretical underpinnings. This is followed by a summary of the data collection process and an assessment of data quality. We conclude with some reflections on the implementation of new modules in future international GGSs and on our experience with register-linked surveys.
瑞典 2021 年世代和性别调查(GGS2021)是瑞典开展的第二次世代和性别调查。它是一项基于网络的调查,并提供纸质调查选项。与瑞典第一次代际和性别调查(GGS2012)一样,它与涵盖受访者生活历程关键维度的登记数据相联系。瑞典 2021 年全球生育率调查包含两个新模块,旨在进一步研究主观认知与生育率之间的联系。这两个模块将成为国际 GGS 标准问卷第二波的一部分。在本文中,我们首先介绍了开展瑞典 GGS2021 的动机。然后,我们将介绍我们的两个新模块,并概述其理论基础。随后,我们总结了数据收集过程并对数据质量进行了评估。最后,我们对在未来的国际 GGS 中实施新模块以及我们在与登记册挂钩的调查方面的经验进行了一些思考。
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引用次数: 1
Seasonality of Birth Weight in Singleton Full-term Births in Finland 芬兰单胎足月新生儿出生体重的季节性变化
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.23979/fypr.136379
Hilde Orderud, Niko Eskelinen, Matti Lindberg
Seasonal birth weight has been identified across different climate zones. Finland has wide seasonal and regional variation in climate within the country. We explore the potential seasonality of birth weight in singleton full-term births in Finland, and its variations across time and within the country. We apply descriptive time-series graphs, linear regression across regions, and linear regression with mother fixed effects using Finnish register data consisting of more than 1,800,000 infants born from 1987 to 2021. The descriptive findings indicate a decline in birth weight from 1987 to 2021. A monthly seasonal trend with peaks in spring and autumn and troughs in summer and winter is observed. The pattern gets less distinct with time and shows within-country variations. The seasonal pattern is also present when applying mother fixed effects. We suggest that the seasonal variation is more related to variations in climate than stable characteristics at the family level.
不同气候带的出生体重具有季节性。芬兰国内气候的季节性和地区性差异很大。我们探讨了芬兰单胎足月新生儿出生体重的潜在季节性及其在不同时期和国内的变化。我们利用芬兰 1987 年至 2021 年期间出生的 180 多万名婴儿的登记数据,采用了描述性时间序列图、跨地区线性回归和带有母亲固定效应的线性回归。描述性研究结果表明,从1987年到2021年,出生体重一直在下降。每月都有季节性趋势,春季和秋季为高峰,夏季和冬季为低谷。随着时间的推移,这种模式变得越来越不明显,并显示出国家内部的差异。当应用母亲固定效应时,季节性模式也会出现。我们认为,季节性变化更多地与气候的变化有关,而不是与家庭层面的稳定特征有关。
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引用次数: 0
Residential mobility and suicide in Belgium 比利时的居住流动性与自杀
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.23979/fypr.130971
J. Damiens
Using Belgian administrative datasets (National Register, Census, and death certificates) on individuals aged 20–64 (N=7,246,740 individuals and 4,109 suicides), the study examined the association between mobility and suicide in the context of union transitions and different life stages. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we found that, in general, moving was associated with an increased risk of suicide than immobility, except for moves in the context of union transitions. Additionally, results highlighted that union dissolutions were associated with a higher risk of suicide – regardless of residential mobility. Moreover, mobility (compared to immobility) for individuals who were in stable situations (single or partnered) or who were in their mid-adulthood was associated with higher risks of suicide. Finally, middle-aged adults (aged 40–54) presented higher suicide risks in all cases of residential mobility, including if accompanied by union transitions.
这项研究利用比利时 20-64 岁人口的行政数据集(国家登记、人口普查和死亡证明)(N=7246740 人,4109 例自杀),研究了在婚姻过渡和不同人生阶段中人口流动与自杀之间的关系。通过使用 Cox 比例危险模型,我们发现,一般来说,除了在结合过渡背景下的迁移外,迁移与自杀风险的增加相关。此外,研究结果还显示,无论居住地是否流动,婚姻解体都会导致更高的自杀风险。此外,处于稳定状态(单身或有伴侣)或处于中年的人的流动性(与不流动性相比)与较高的自杀风险相关。最后,中年人(40-54 岁)在所有居住地流动的情况下,包括伴随着婚姻过渡的情况下,自杀风险都较高。
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引用次数: 0
Estonian Generations and Gender Survey 2020: 2020 年爱沙尼亚代际和性别调查:
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.23979/fypr.141918
A. Puur, L. Sakkeus, Liili Abuladze, M. Gortfelder, M. Klesment, Leen Rahnu, Tiina Tambaum
In Estonia, the Generations and Gender Survey 2020 (GGS-II) is the third large-scale demographic survey that collects data on family and fertility dynamics. As the country participates in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, the GGS-II opted for a shorter age range of the sample (18–59). The questionnaire in the GGS-II in Estonia follows the GGS-II wave 1 baseline questionnaire. The questionnaire also includes the Global Uncertainties’ module developed by the Nordic countries, a battery of questions on the perceived impact of COVID-19, and several country-specific items. The GGS-II in Estonia was implemented using only computer-assisted web interviewing (CAWI). In this article, we present a concise overview of the sampling and data collection process, analyse representativeness and response rates, and briefly assess the data quality. We conclude that despite low response rates, the GGS-II provides a good basis for the analysis of fertility and family dynamics.
在爱沙尼亚,2020 年世代和性别调查(GGS-II)是收集家庭和生育动态数据的第三次大规模人口调查。由于爱沙尼亚参加了欧洲健康、老龄和退休调查,GGS-II 选择了较短的样本年龄范围(18-59 岁)。爱沙尼亚的 GGS-II 调查表沿用了 GGS-II 第一波基线调查表。问卷还包括北欧国家开发的 "全球不确定性 "模块、关于 COVID-19 影响的一系列问题,以及几个国家特有的项目。爱沙尼亚的 GGS-II 仅使用计算机辅助网络访谈 (CAWI) 来实施。在本文中,我们简要概述了抽样和数据收集过程,分析了代表性和回复率,并简要评估了数据质量。我们的结论是,尽管回复率较低,但 GGS-II 为分析生育率和家庭动态提供了良好的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Association Between Gendered Workplaces and the Length of Childcare Leave 性别化工作场所与育儿假时间长短之间的关系
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.23979/fypr.131786
E. Österbacka, Tapio Räsänen
Previous research indicates that mothers base the length of their childcare leave on individual opportunity costs. While workplace dynamics and peer influences may affect the duration of the leave, empirical evidence remains inconclusive. This study investigates the association between childcare leave length and workplace characteristics, as well as peer influences in the Finnish institutional context. In Finland, mothers can extend their earnings-related childcare leave with a flat-rate home care allowance until their child turns three years old. At the same time, they are entitled to subsidised day care, allowing them to choose the length of their childcare leave. Our results show that, in the gender-segregated Finnish labour market, the length of childcare leave among mothers varies based on employment sector, number of employees, peers’ leave length, and the share of women in the workplace.
以往的研究表明,母亲根据个人的机会成本来决定育儿假的长短。虽然工作场所的动态变化和同伴的影响可能会影响育儿假的持续时间,但实证证据仍然没有定论。本研究以芬兰的制度为背景,调查了育儿假时间长短与工作场所特征以及同伴影响之间的关联。在芬兰,母亲可以享受与收入相关的育儿假,在孩子三岁之前享受统一的家庭护理津贴。同时,她们还有权享受日托补贴,从而可以选择育儿假的长短。我们的研究结果表明,在按性别划分的芬兰劳动力市场上,母亲们的育儿假长短因就业部门、雇员人数、同龄人的假期长短以及女性在工作场所中所占的比例而有所不同。
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引用次数: 0
first Generations and Gender Survey in Finland 芬兰首次代际和性别调查
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.23979/fypr.142715
A. Hägglund, Tiia Sorsa, Venla Berg, A. Rotkirch
The first Generations and Gender Survey in Finland was collected in 2021/2022 as a web-based survey. In addition to the standard GGS-questionnaire, the Finnish survey included two new modules: the Miller Instrument, which captures childbearing motivations, and Global uncertainties, which enquires about perceptions of future threats. To further advance research on family dynamics, data from GGS Finland is linked to administrative records. This allows researchers to explore employment and family trajectories until 2026. Analyses of core socio-demographic characteristics and well-established fertility indicators reveal that the sample, by and large, represents the target population.
芬兰首次代际和性别调查于 2021/2022 年进行,是一项基于网络的调查。除了标准的代际和性别调查问卷外,芬兰的调查还包括两个新模块:米勒工具(Miller Instrument)和全球不确定性(Global uncertainties),前者用于了解生育动机,后者用于询问对未来威胁的看法。为了进一步推动对家庭动态的研究,芬兰全球性别调查的数据与行政记录相链接。这样,研究人员就可以探索直到 2026 年的就业和家庭轨迹。对核心社会人口特征和既定生育指标的分析表明,样本总体上代表了目标人群。
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引用次数: 0
Change in Marriage Behaviour in North-Central Namibia 1925–2009 1925-2009 年纳米比亚中北部婚姻行为的变化
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.23979/fypr.131375
V. Notkola, H. Siiskonen, R. Shemeikka
Namibia is the only country in Africa for which historical data is available to describe the change in marriage behavior since the 1920s. The aim of this article is to describe and to understand how the age at first marriage changed and how it was related to cohabitation since the 1920s in Namibia. The description of changes is based on parish register material and the family reconstitution method. The mean age at first marriage was over 20 for both sexes as early as the 1920s. In 1945–49, the mean age at first marriage started to increase, reaching about 29 for men and 24 for women at the end of the 1950s. The explanation for the increase was labor migration. The new cohabitation model was introduced from the end of the 1970s to the 1980s. Features of this model were cohabitation before marriage, late marriage age, a low married proportion of the population and high proportion of premarital births.
纳米比亚是非洲唯一一个有历史数据来描述自 20 世纪 20 年代以来婚姻行为变化的国家。本文旨在描述和了解纳米比亚自 20 世纪 20 年代以来初婚年龄的变化情况及其与同居的关系。对变化的描述是基于教区登记材料和家庭重组方法。早在 20 世纪 20 年代,男女的平均初婚年龄都超过了 20 岁。1945-49 年间,平均初婚年龄开始上升,到 20 世纪 50 年代末,男性平均初婚年龄约为 29 岁,女性平均初婚年龄约为 24 岁。造成这一增长的原因是劳动力迁移。从 20 世纪 70 年代末到 80 年代,引入了新的同居模式。这种模式的特点是婚前同居、结婚年龄晚、已婚人口比例低和婚前生育比例高。
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引用次数: 0
Counting on parents or others? 依靠父母还是他人?
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.23979/fypr.131297
Alyona (Alena) Artamonova, Tiia Sorsa, Venla Berg, A. Hägglund, A. Rotkirch
This study explores the associations between receiving social support from network members other than individuals’ parents and fertility intentions in Finland. It additionally examines whether support from others can compensate for the lack of parental support or complement their support. Using logistic regression models applied to Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) data on individuals aged 18–45 years enriched with administrative registers, we found that Finns who received instrumental support from others were more likely to intend to have a child. Support from others did not compensate for, nor complement, a lack of parental support or parental geographic remoteness. However, among men with at least one parent deceased or unknown, those receiving emotional support from others were more likely to intend to have a child within three years (and as likely as individuals with both parents alive) than those not receiving this support, suggesting a compensatory mechanism.
本研究探讨了芬兰人从父母以外的网络成员那里获得社会支持与生育意愿之间的关系。此外,研究还探讨了来自他人的支持能否弥补父母支持的不足或补充父母支持的不足。我们使用逻辑回归模型,将 18-45 岁个人的世代与性别调查(GGS)数据与行政登记数据相结合,发现获得他人工具性支持的芬兰人更有可能打算要一个孩子。他人的支持既不能弥补也不能补充父母支持的缺乏或父母地理位置的偏远。然而,在父母至少有一方去世或下落不明的男性中,与没有得到他人情感支持的人相比,得到他人情感支持的人更有可能在三年内要一个孩子(与父母都健在的人一样),这表明存在一种补偿机制。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative genomics, microsynteny, ancestral state reconstruction and selection pressure analysis across distinctive genomes and sub-genomes of Brassicaceae for analysis of evolutionary history of VQ gene family. 对十字花科植物的不同基因组和亚基因组进行比较基因组学、微合成、祖先状态重建和选择压力分析,以分析 VQ 基因家族的进化历史。
IF 3.4 Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01347-z
Arpana Katiyar, R Geeta, Sandip Das, Yashwanti Mudgil

Any unfavorable condition that affects the metabolism, growth, or development of plants is considered plant stress. The molecular response of plants towards abiotic stresses involves signaling to cellular components, repressing transcription factors, and subsequently induced metabolic changes. Most valine-glutamine (VQ) motif-containing genes in plants encode regulatory proteins that interact with transcription factors and modulate their activity as transcription regulators. Several VQ proteins regulate plant development and stress responses. In spite of the functional importance of VQs, there is relatively little information about their evolutionary history in Brassicaceae or beyond. Brassicaceae is characterized by paleoploidy, mesopolyploidy, and neopolyploidy, offering a resource for studying evolution and diversification. In current study we performed phylogeny of the VQ gene family along with comparative genomics, microsynteny and evolutionary rates analysis across seven species of Brassicaceae. Our findings revealed the following; (1) a large segmental duplication in the shared common ancestor of the family Brassicaceae, resulted in paralogies of VQ1-VQ10, VQ15-VQ24, VQ16-VQ23, VQ17-VQ25, VQ18-VQ26, VQ22-VQ27; (2) chromosomal mapping revealed diverse distributions of the gene family; (3) duplicated segments undergo varying degrees of retention and loss; and (4) Out of the 12 paralogous members, most of the genes are under purifying selection. However, VQ23 in Brassicaceae stands out as it is under positive selection, indicating the need for further investigation. Overall, our results clearly establish that the ancestral VQ1/VQ10, VQ15/VQ24, VQ16/VQ23, VQ17/VQ25, VQ18/VQ26, VQ22/VQ27 genes duplicated in shared common ancestor of Brassicaceae.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01347-z.

任何影响植物新陈代谢、生长或发育的不利条件都被视为植物胁迫。植物对非生物胁迫的分子反应包括向细胞成分发出信号、抑制转录因子以及随后诱导新陈代谢的变化。植物中大多数含缬氨酸-谷氨酰胺(VQ)基序的基因编码调控蛋白,这些蛋白与转录因子相互作用,并调节转录因子作为转录调控因子的活性。一些 VQ 蛋白调节植物的发育和胁迫反应。尽管 VQs 在功能上非常重要,但有关其在十字花科或其他植物中的进化历史的信息却相对较少。十字花科植物具有古倍性、中倍性和新倍性的特点,为研究进化和多样化提供了资源。在本研究中,我们对芸香科 7 个物种的 VQ 基因家族进行了系统进化以及比较基因组学、微合成和进化速率分析。我们的研究结果表明:(1)在芸苔科植物的共同祖先中有一个大的片段重复,导致了 VQ1-VQ10、VQ15-VQ24、VQ16-VQ23、VQ17-VQ25、VQ18-VQ26、VQ22-VQ27 的旁系;(2) 染色体图谱显示了该基因家族的不同分布;(3) 重复片段有不同程度的保留和丢失;(4) 在 12 个旁系成员中,大多数基因处于纯化选择之下。然而,十字花科植物中的 VQ23 因处于正选择状态而脱颖而出,这表明有必要对其进行进一步研究。总之,我们的研究结果清楚地证实,芸苔科植物的祖先 VQ1/VQ10、VQ15/VQ24、VQ16/VQ23、VQ17/VQ25、VQ18/VQ26、VQ22/VQ27 基因在芸苔科植物的共同祖先中重复:在线版本包含补充材料,可查阅 10.1007/s12298-023-01347-z。
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引用次数: 0
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Finnish Yearbook of Population Research
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