Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104526
Shaoqing Du , Luis Menéndez-Arias , Xueping Hu , Peng Zhan
The cell membrane has a pivotal role in cellular activities, such as substance exchange and information transmission. Its dysfunction is closely linked to numerous diseases, positioning it as a vital target for pharmacological interventions. The unique structure of the phospholipids of the membrane, along with its associated proteins, renders it an optimal target for therapeutic interventions designed to combat drug-resistant pathogens. Here, we delve into various advanced mechanisms of action associated with targeted membrane strategies. We also discuss the challenges and future prospects related to these strategies, emphasizing that the integration of various technologies into experimental practices will be a crucial direction for future development.
{"title":"Therapeutic approaches to addressing drug resistance by targeting membranes and associated structures","authors":"Shaoqing Du , Luis Menéndez-Arias , Xueping Hu , Peng Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cell membrane has a pivotal role in cellular activities, such as substance exchange and information transmission. Its dysfunction is closely linked to numerous diseases, positioning it as a vital target for pharmacological interventions. The unique structure of the phospholipids of the membrane, along with its associated proteins, renders it an optimal target for therapeutic interventions designed to combat drug-resistant pathogens. Here, we delve into various advanced mechanisms of action associated with targeted membrane strategies. We also discuss the challenges and future prospects related to these strategies, emphasizing that the integration of various technologies into experimental practices will be a crucial direction for future development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"30 12","pages":"Article 104526"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145436740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104504
William Warren, Myles Osborn, Andy Yates, Saoirse O’Sullivan
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are intracellular transporter proteins that regulate lipid transport, signalling, and homeostasis. In this review, we assess whether upregulation of FABP3 is oncogenic. Cancers where overexpression of FABP3 was shown to be oncogenic included breast, brain, nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gastric, melanomas, and leiomyosarcoma. FABP3 knockdown in brain, oesophageal, and melanoma cell lines reduced proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation in vitro, and attenuated glioma tumour burden in vivo. In tumours and the tumour immune microenvironment, the protumoral mechanisms of FABP3 are associated with hypoxia, ferroptosis, endothelial growth factor receptor resistance, and lipid metabolism. Emerging mechanisms primarily relate to its role as a chaperone of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Overall, FABPs appear to be promising targets for novel cancer treatments.
{"title":"The emerging role of fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) in cancer","authors":"William Warren, Myles Osborn, Andy Yates, Saoirse O’Sullivan","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are intracellular transporter proteins that regulate lipid transport, signalling, and homeostasis. In this review, we assess whether upregulation of FABP3 is oncogenic. Cancers where overexpression of FABP3 was shown to be oncogenic included breast, brain, nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gastric, melanomas, and leiomyosarcoma. FABP3 knockdown in brain, oesophageal, and melanoma cell lines reduced proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation <em>in vitro</em>, and attenuated glioma tumour burden <em>in vivo</em>. In tumours and the tumour immune microenvironment, the protumoral mechanisms of FABP3 are associated with hypoxia, ferroptosis, endothelial growth factor receptor resistance, and lipid metabolism. Emerging mechanisms primarily relate to its role as a chaperone of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Overall, FABPs appear to be promising targets for novel cancer treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"30 11","pages":"Article 104504"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145312055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104507
Edward P.W. Meier, Andreas H. Laustsen
The development of tumor-targeting antibodies has progressed tremendously over the past few decades, yet improving tumor selectivity and efficacy remains a challenge. Among tumor-associated antigens, tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) have emerged as critical immunological targets because of their overexpression in malignant cells. However, the weak immunogenicity and structural homogeneity of carbohydrates pose obstacles for therapeutic antibody development. By designing antibodies to recognize epitopes that span both TACAs and adjacent amino acid residues on tumor glycoprotein surfaces, researchers can achieve higher specificity and functional efficacy while lowering on-target off-tumor related toxicities.
{"title":"Advances in antibody-based strategies for targeting cancer-associated glycopeptide antigens","authors":"Edward P.W. Meier, Andreas H. Laustsen","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of tumor-targeting antibodies has progressed tremendously over the past few decades, yet improving tumor selectivity and efficacy remains a challenge. Among tumor-associated antigens, tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) have emerged as critical immunological targets because of their overexpression in malignant cells. However, the weak immunogenicity and structural homogeneity of carbohydrates pose obstacles for therapeutic antibody development. By designing antibodies to recognize epitopes that span both TACAs and adjacent amino acid residues on tumor glycoprotein surfaces, researchers can achieve higher specificity and functional efficacy while lowering on-target off-tumor related toxicities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"30 11","pages":"Article 104507"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104500
Elliot Smith, Dharmendra S. Vishwakarma, Shoujun Sun, Adam D. Moorhouse, David A. Tuveson, John E. Moses
Metabolites, including primary and secondary metabolites, the latter often termed ‘natural products’ (NPs), offer a structurally rich source of scaffolds for drug discovery. Although many act through reversible binding, a notable subset exerts potent effects via covalent mechanisms, offering distinct advantages. Advances in click chemistry now enable modular incorporation of electrophilic warheads and bioorthogonal handles onto NP frameworks, facilitating the discovery of new covalent agents and the mapping of their biological activity. In this review, we highlight key classes of ‘click electrophiles’ and their integration into NP scaffolds, examine how click chemistry supports activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) of covalent NPs, and introduce clickable covalent metabolite mimetics (CoMMs) as a unifying framework for advancing inverse covalent drug discovery.
{"title":"Click chemistry for natural product-inspired covalent drug discovery","authors":"Elliot Smith, Dharmendra S. Vishwakarma, Shoujun Sun, Adam D. Moorhouse, David A. Tuveson, John E. Moses","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metabolites, including primary and secondary metabolites, the latter often termed ‘natural products’ (NPs), offer a structurally rich source of scaffolds for drug discovery. Although many act through reversible binding, a notable subset exerts potent effects via covalent mechanisms, offering distinct advantages. Advances in click chemistry now enable modular incorporation of electrophilic warheads and bioorthogonal handles onto NP frameworks, facilitating the discovery of new covalent agents and the mapping of their biological activity. In this review, we highlight key classes of ‘click electrophiles’ and their integration into NP scaffolds, examine how click chemistry supports activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) of covalent NPs, and introduce clickable covalent metabolite mimetics (CoMMs) as a unifying framework for advancing inverse covalent drug discovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"30 11","pages":"Article 104500"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104503
Asmaa Ismail , Adel B. Elmoselhi , Lina Abu Nada , Betul Rahman , Zahi Badran , Elise Verron
Spaceflight exposes the human body to microgravity, isolation, and radiation, which collectively disrupt physiological homeostasis, particularly affecting the immune system. Microgravity significantly impairs both innate and adaptive immune responses by altering immune cell formation, activation, trafficking, and cytokine production. These disturbances manifest as an overall shift toward an immunosuppressive phenotype, increased oxidative stress, and transcriptional reprogramming of immune cells. Pharmacological agents, including natural antioxidants, flavonoids, and bioactive polysaccharides, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immune-restorative effects in microgravity models. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanisms of immune dysfunction in microgravity and explore current potential therapeutic approaches to ensure safe long-duration space missions.
{"title":"Immune and inflammatory responses in microgravity: implications and therapeutic approaches","authors":"Asmaa Ismail , Adel B. Elmoselhi , Lina Abu Nada , Betul Rahman , Zahi Badran , Elise Verron","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spaceflight exposes the human body to microgravity, isolation, and radiation, which collectively disrupt physiological homeostasis, particularly affecting the immune system. Microgravity significantly impairs both innate and adaptive immune responses by altering immune cell formation, activation, trafficking, and cytokine production. These disturbances manifest as an overall shift toward an immunosuppressive phenotype, increased oxidative stress, and transcriptional reprogramming of immune cells. Pharmacological agents, including natural antioxidants, flavonoids, and bioactive polysaccharides, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immune-restorative effects in microgravity models. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanisms of immune dysfunction in microgravity and explore current potential therapeutic approaches to ensure safe long-duration space missions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"30 11","pages":"Article 104503"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104521
Sayali Dighe, Sanyog Jain
Pyroptosis is an emerging immunogenic cell death pathway elicited by activated caspase and a perforating gasdermin protein. Distinctively, this mechanism manifests as pore formation, cell ballooning, and the release of intracellular content and calreticulin, thereby potentiating the immune infiltration in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Owing to its immunomodulatory function and tumour regression potential, pyroptosis has been clinically implicated in the treatment of cancer. Cutting-edge nanomedicines have empowered targeted and safer pyroptosis induction, thus diminishing the inherent pitfalls linked with traditional pyroptosis therapy. In this review, we detail the pathways of pyroptosis, therapeutic implications, and advances in nanotechnology-based pyroptosis therapy.
{"title":"Nanotherapeutics-induced pyroptosis for targeted cancer therapy: mechanistic insights and translational prospects","authors":"Sayali Dighe, Sanyog Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyroptosis is an emerging immunogenic cell death pathway elicited by activated caspase and a perforating gasdermin protein. Distinctively, this mechanism manifests as pore formation, cell ballooning, and the release of intracellular content and calreticulin, thereby potentiating the immune infiltration in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Owing to its immunomodulatory function and tumour regression potential, pyroptosis has been clinically implicated in the treatment of cancer. Cutting-edge nanomedicines have empowered targeted and safer pyroptosis induction, thus diminishing the inherent pitfalls linked with traditional pyroptosis therapy. In this review, we detail the pathways of pyroptosis, therapeutic implications, and advances in nanotechnology-based pyroptosis therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"30 12","pages":"Article 104521"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145436677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104525
Frank S. David , R. Edward Benson , Mark Gordon , Daniel S. Mytelka
Drug developers and financial investors have substantial interest in making accurate forecasts of the probability of success (POS) of clinical trials. Current methods developed and used by pharmaceutical companies face challenges in optimizing for accuracy, freedom from bias, and scalability. We describe here an approach based on external expert panels that showed promise across all these dimensions and could be broadly applicable for many stakeholders and scenarios requiring trial-specific POS forecasts.
{"title":"Forecasting clinical trial success using anonymized external expert panels","authors":"Frank S. David , R. Edward Benson , Mark Gordon , Daniel S. Mytelka","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug developers and financial investors have substantial interest in making accurate forecasts of the probability of success (POS) of clinical trials. Current methods developed and used by pharmaceutical companies face challenges in optimizing for accuracy, freedom from bias, and scalability. We describe here an approach based on external expert panels that showed promise across all these dimensions and could be broadly applicable for many stakeholders and scenarios requiring trial-specific POS forecasts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"30 12","pages":"Article 104525"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145436717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104508
Xiangyun Mao , Haoyu Yin , Xiaoyin Bai , Aaron S. Kesselheim , Guanqiao Li
Breakthrough Therapy Designation (BTD) programs aim to expedite the development of promising treatments for serious conditions, yet their clinical implications remain uncertain. In this study, we analyzed US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and China's National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) approvals from 2021 to 2023 and found that 25% and 17%, respectively, had received BTD before approval. These products were more likely to undergo accelerated or conditional approvals based on early-phase evidence, but many offered only limited or insufficient therapeutic value, as assessed by hazard ratio (HR) analyses and independent health technology assessment (HTA) ratings. These findings suggest that, although BTD pathways have the potential to expedite regulatory approval, they do not guarantee substantial clinical benefit, underscoring the need for a more cautious and evidence-based application of these BTD designations.
{"title":"Therapeutic value and regulatory characteristics of breakthrough therapy drugs in the USA and China (2021–2023): a retrospective cohort study","authors":"Xiangyun Mao , Haoyu Yin , Xiaoyin Bai , Aaron S. Kesselheim , Guanqiao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breakthrough Therapy Designation (BTD) programs aim to expedite the development of promising treatments for serious conditions, yet their clinical implications remain uncertain. In this study, we analyzed US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and China's National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) approvals from 2021 to 2023 and found that 25% and 17%, respectively, had received BTD before approval. These products were more likely to undergo accelerated or conditional approvals based on early-phase evidence, but many offered only limited or insufficient therapeutic value, as assessed by hazard ratio (HR) analyses and independent health technology assessment (HTA) ratings. These findings suggest that, although BTD pathways have the potential to expedite regulatory approval, they do not guarantee substantial clinical benefit, underscoring the need for a more cautious and evidence-based application of these BTD designations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"30 11","pages":"Article 104508"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145370079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infectious diseases of bacterial origin currently account for the greatest number of human deaths worldwide, serving as a major hurdle for the growth of many developing nations including the Indian subcontinent. However, identification of potential therapeutic drug targets in infectious pathogens, to facilitate species-selective and target-specific inhibition for the development of effective therapeutic regimens, involves several challenges ranging from the identification and validation of a suitable drug target to overcoming drug toxicity and antimicrobial resistance. This short review is a compilation of a decade of research on the potential antibacterial drug target inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) and its therapeutic implications for microbial infections.
{"title":"IMPDH as a potential antibacterial drug target for microbial infections: A review on a decade of targeted therapy and its implications","authors":"Haritha Dilip , Shalini , Vijay Thiruvenkatam , Sivapriya Kirubakaran","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infectious diseases of bacterial origin currently account for the greatest number of human deaths worldwide, serving as a major hurdle for the growth of many developing nations including the Indian subcontinent. However, identification of potential therapeutic drug targets in infectious pathogens, to facilitate species-selective and target-specific inhibition for the development of effective therapeutic regimens, involves several challenges ranging from the identification and validation of a suitable drug target to overcoming drug toxicity and antimicrobial resistance. This short review is a compilation of a decade of research on the potential antibacterial drug target inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) and its therapeutic implications for microbial infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"30 11","pages":"Article 104505"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104524
Lisa Blank , Giulia Pander , Eric Mühlberg , Walter Mier , Philipp Uhl
Nanobodies (Nbs) are genetically engineered single domain antibodies derived from heavy chain-only antibodies (HcAbs) found in camelid species. These monomeric antibody fragments are smaller and have lower molecular weight compared with conventional antibodies, while retaining full antigen-binding specificity, endowing them with unique structural and functional properties. As in vitro diagnostics, they can aid pathogen detection and biomarker identification. In vivo, their rapid clearance and deep tissue penetration enable radio-imaging with short half-life radionuclides, reducing patient exposure. Therapeutically, Nbs are being explored for cancer, neurodegenerative, and infectious diseases. However, their short serum half-life is challenging, prompting strategies to extend circulation time without compromising their benefits. Despite these hurdles, the high specificity, low immunogenicity, and versatility of Nbs position them as promising tools across diverse applications.
{"title":"Exploiting the unique properties of nanobodies: enhancing therapeutics, drug delivery, and targeted diagnostics","authors":"Lisa Blank , Giulia Pander , Eric Mühlberg , Walter Mier , Philipp Uhl","doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanobodies (Nbs) are genetically engineered single domain antibodies derived from heavy chain-only antibodies (HcAbs) found in camelid species. These monomeric antibody fragments are smaller and have lower molecular weight compared with conventional antibodies, while retaining full antigen-binding specificity, endowing them with unique structural and functional properties. As <em>in vitro</em> diagnostics, they can aid pathogen detection and biomarker identification. <em>In vivo</em>, their rapid clearance and deep tissue penetration enable radio-imaging with short half-life radionuclides, reducing patient exposure. Therapeutically, Nbs are being explored for cancer, neurodegenerative, and infectious diseases. However, their short serum half-life is challenging, prompting strategies to extend circulation time without compromising their benefits. Despite these hurdles, the high specificity, low immunogenicity, and versatility of Nbs position them as promising tools across diverse applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":301,"journal":{"name":"Drug Discovery Today","volume":"30 12","pages":"Article 104524"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145436663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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