Abstract The article provides characteristics of legal regulation of the conduct of entrepreneurs, including the analysis of a new element of the Slovak law – so-called “disqualification”. It consists in a prohibition (by a court order) to perform functions of a member of the statutory or supervisory body in a company or co-operative, as well as in a prohibition to act as a director of the organisational unit of an enterprise, as a director of an enterprise of a foreign party, or as a procurator. Entrepreneurs are entitled to act on their own name. We distinguish direct and indirect (mediated) acts of entrepreneurs. When acting directly, the entrepreneur acts personally (for individuals) or through the statutory body (for legal entities). Indirect (mediated) acts of entrepreneurs consist in manifestation of the will through a third person, who acts on behalf of the entrepreneur (so-called statutory representation).
{"title":"Legal Regulation of Entrepreneur’s Conduct in Slovakia","authors":"D. Holub, Hana Magurová","doi":"10.1515/STCB-2017-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/STCB-2017-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article provides characteristics of legal regulation of the conduct of entrepreneurs, including the analysis of a new element of the Slovak law – so-called “disqualification”. It consists in a prohibition (by a court order) to perform functions of a member of the statutory or supervisory body in a company or co-operative, as well as in a prohibition to act as a director of the organisational unit of an enterprise, as a director of an enterprise of a foreign party, or as a procurator. Entrepreneurs are entitled to act on their own name. We distinguish direct and indirect (mediated) acts of entrepreneurs. When acting directly, the entrepreneur acts personally (for individuals) or through the statutory body (for legal entities). Indirect (mediated) acts of entrepreneurs consist in manifestation of the will through a third person, who acts on behalf of the entrepreneur (so-called statutory representation).","PeriodicalId":30220,"journal":{"name":"Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia","volume":"10 1","pages":"17 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44111756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The increasing pace of achieving socio-economic growth and convergence into developed structures represents the main desire of most countries. Moreover, membership in monetary unions has quite a significant impact on the economies of participating countries, since integration processes have become undoubtedly the undisputed accelerator of convergence and integration catalyst, reflecting on the development of the world economy. The growing intensity of world trade, the ever-deepening division of labor and specialization, international movement of capital and labor mobility as wells as investments into education, research and development, innovations are among the factors that lead to the creation of increasingly closer ties between economies, deepening their mutual dependence, further reflected in knowledge-based societies. Thus, the close ties between national economies themselves represent a further incentive for more intensive cooperation through the different stages of economic integration. International economic integration is an objective to promote a gradual process of linking and connecting existing economic units, i.e. national economies to the greater interconnected units in the global economy. The aim of our research paper, by using the methods of analysis and comparison, is to closely present the issue of monetary integration, focusing on the impact of monetary integration on countries’ economy, resulting in the issue of benefits and costs of the countries’ entry into the monetary union, associated with initial economic shocks.
{"title":"The Higher Essence of Economic Convergence Regarding Monetary Impacts","authors":"M. Hudec","doi":"10.1515/stcb-2017-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/stcb-2017-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The increasing pace of achieving socio-economic growth and convergence into developed structures represents the main desire of most countries. Moreover, membership in monetary unions has quite a significant impact on the economies of participating countries, since integration processes have become undoubtedly the undisputed accelerator of convergence and integration catalyst, reflecting on the development of the world economy. The growing intensity of world trade, the ever-deepening division of labor and specialization, international movement of capital and labor mobility as wells as investments into education, research and development, innovations are among the factors that lead to the creation of increasingly closer ties between economies, deepening their mutual dependence, further reflected in knowledge-based societies. Thus, the close ties between national economies themselves represent a further incentive for more intensive cooperation through the different stages of economic integration. International economic integration is an objective to promote a gradual process of linking and connecting existing economic units, i.e. national economies to the greater interconnected units in the global economy. The aim of our research paper, by using the methods of analysis and comparison, is to closely present the issue of monetary integration, focusing on the impact of monetary integration on countries’ economy, resulting in the issue of benefits and costs of the countries’ entry into the monetary union, associated with initial economic shocks.","PeriodicalId":30220,"journal":{"name":"Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia","volume":"10 1","pages":"18 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/stcb-2017-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49414871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper focuses on the assessment of the Macedonian business environment based on analysis and comparison of selected global indices and ranks of competitiveness and quality of the business regulation and on the evaluation of the foreign trade relations with the Slovak Republic based on the calculation of the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Index. The Macedonian market has the potential to develop foreign trade activities with Slovak business entities, on the other hand, it is also a problematic territory to a certaint extent, as the current development of Macedonia is marked by the tense internal political situation that has persisted since the elections in April 2014.
{"title":"Evaluation of Selected Aspects of the Business Environment of the Republic of Macedonia and Foreign Trade Relations with the Slovak Republic","authors":"Otília Zorkóciová, Hana Petríková, Lenka Škodová","doi":"10.1515/stcb-2017-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/stcb-2017-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper focuses on the assessment of the Macedonian business environment based on analysis and comparison of selected global indices and ranks of competitiveness and quality of the business regulation and on the evaluation of the foreign trade relations with the Slovak Republic based on the calculation of the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Index. The Macedonian market has the potential to develop foreign trade activities with Slovak business entities, on the other hand, it is also a problematic territory to a certaint extent, as the current development of Macedonia is marked by the tense internal political situation that has persisted since the elections in April 2014.","PeriodicalId":30220,"journal":{"name":"Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia","volume":"10 1","pages":"110 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47687885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The Act No 186/2009 Coll. on financial intermediation and financial advisory and on amendments and supplements to certain laws is reflecting on the topic of liability. It is incorporating provisions about the liability for damage at the pursuit of financial advisory. The attention is being paid to the liability for damage caused to the professional or non-professional client at the pursuit of financial advisory. In accordance with the element of the liability legal relationship, the subjective aspect, the liability for damage caused at the pursuit of financial advisory represents a subjective liability, where fault is necessary. Our proposal de lege ferenda is the introduction of strict liability for damage caused at the pursuit of financial advisory.
{"title":"Liability for Damage Caused at the Pursuit of Financial Advisory","authors":"Andrea Slezáková","doi":"10.1515/stcb-2017-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/stcb-2017-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Act No 186/2009 Coll. on financial intermediation and financial advisory and on amendments and supplements to certain laws is reflecting on the topic of liability. It is incorporating provisions about the liability for damage at the pursuit of financial advisory. The attention is being paid to the liability for damage caused to the professional or non-professional client at the pursuit of financial advisory. In accordance with the element of the liability legal relationship, the subjective aspect, the liability for damage caused at the pursuit of financial advisory represents a subjective liability, where fault is necessary. Our proposal de lege ferenda is the introduction of strict liability for damage caused at the pursuit of financial advisory.","PeriodicalId":30220,"journal":{"name":"Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia","volume":"10 1","pages":"66 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48947885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Economics represents a social science, directly concerning the factors and determinants of commerce, production, distribution, government, management and naturally consumption of goods and services, but unlike the natural sciences, it is unique in the area of hardly finding a broad consensus, whether we talk about rules, methodology, economic processes or basic axioms. Economic cycle would not exist in an economically ideal world where the prices of goods and factors of production are very flexible, people have full information about what is happening in the economy, government and unions do not regulate prices, and so on. Since the real world differs from an economically ideal world, economic cycle presents inevitable reality in every market economy. The aim of our research paper is to analyse essential monetary determinants and the practical aspects of the theory of the business cycle. Moreover, we focus on the instruments of central banks and their impact on the economic cycle, inextricably affecting the socio-economic development and the state of business environment and commerce.
{"title":"Open Your Eyes Alice and Start Following the Economic Cycle Instead of the White Rabbit: Influential Behaviour of the Economic Cycle","authors":"M. Hudec, Alena Donovalová","doi":"10.1515/stcb-2016-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/stcb-2016-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Economics represents a social science, directly concerning the factors and determinants of commerce, production, distribution, government, management and naturally consumption of goods and services, but unlike the natural sciences, it is unique in the area of hardly finding a broad consensus, whether we talk about rules, methodology, economic processes or basic axioms. Economic cycle would not exist in an economically ideal world where the prices of goods and factors of production are very flexible, people have full information about what is happening in the economy, government and unions do not regulate prices, and so on. Since the real world differs from an economically ideal world, economic cycle presents inevitable reality in every market economy. The aim of our research paper is to analyse essential monetary determinants and the practical aspects of the theory of the business cycle. Moreover, we focus on the instruments of central banks and their impact on the economic cycle, inextricably affecting the socio-economic development and the state of business environment and commerce.","PeriodicalId":30220,"journal":{"name":"Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia","volume":"9 1","pages":"302 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67311302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The Sub-Saharan Africa belongs to the most underdeveloped regions in the world economy. This region consists of forty nine countries but it’s world GDP share is only a small percentage. There are some very resource rich countries in this region. One of them is Angola. This former Portuguese colony has one of the largest inventories of oil among all African countries. Angola recorded one of the highest growth of GDP between 2004-2008 from all countries in the world economy and nowadays is the third biggest economy in Sub-Saharan Africa after Nigeria and South Africa. The essential problem of Angola is the one-way oriented economy on oil and general on natural resources. Angola will be forced to change their one-way oriented economy to be more diversified and competitive in the future.
{"title":"Angola - an Oil Dependant Country in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"B. Baumgartner","doi":"10.1515/stcb-2016-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/stcb-2016-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Sub-Saharan Africa belongs to the most underdeveloped regions in the world economy. This region consists of forty nine countries but it’s world GDP share is only a small percentage. There are some very resource rich countries in this region. One of them is Angola. This former Portuguese colony has one of the largest inventories of oil among all African countries. Angola recorded one of the highest growth of GDP between 2004-2008 from all countries in the world economy and nowadays is the third biggest economy in Sub-Saharan Africa after Nigeria and South Africa. The essential problem of Angola is the one-way oriented economy on oil and general on natural resources. Angola will be forced to change their one-way oriented economy to be more diversified and competitive in the future.","PeriodicalId":30220,"journal":{"name":"Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia","volume":"9 1","pages":"233 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67311291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article focuses on the issues of the perspectives of foreign trade relations between Slovakia and Ukraine affected by the current changes of EU trade policy towards Ukraine and other global changes underway in the global economy, which are very demanding in terms of the ongoing conflict situation in eastern Ukraine. The authors examine the development of foreign trade relations between the Slovak Republic and Ukraine, and based on the globalization processes taking place in Ukraine and analysing the foreign trade, the SWOT analysis of prospects for foreign trade relations of Slovakia and Ukraine influenced by the given facts will be performed.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Current Foreign Trade Relations between Slovakia and Ukraine Affected by the Global Changes in the World Economy","authors":"E. Kašťáková, Dáša Bebiaková","doi":"10.1515/stcb-2016-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/stcb-2016-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article focuses on the issues of the perspectives of foreign trade relations between Slovakia and Ukraine affected by the current changes of EU trade policy towards Ukraine and other global changes underway in the global economy, which are very demanding in terms of the ongoing conflict situation in eastern Ukraine. The authors examine the development of foreign trade relations between the Slovak Republic and Ukraine, and based on the globalization processes taking place in Ukraine and analysing the foreign trade, the SWOT analysis of prospects for foreign trade relations of Slovakia and Ukraine influenced by the given facts will be performed.","PeriodicalId":30220,"journal":{"name":"Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia","volume":"9 1","pages":"143 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67311091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract To success on international markets, individual economies are trying to take measures to increase their efficiency, flexibility and competitiveness. There is a liberalization of tariff and non-tariff barriers mainly due to trade based on regional integration. Among such agreements belong also the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between the EU and the USA, which represent the largest economies in the world. The paper analyses developed scientific studies that assess the economic impact, advantages and disadvantages of closer economic cooperation. However, it reflects not only the economic but also foreign policy importance of this partnership. In the case of signing the TTIP, it would become the most important bilateral trade agreement ever, both in terms of international trade as well as in terms of the impact on international trade as a whole.
{"title":"Prospects for the EU-US Trade Relations in the Light of the TTIP","authors":"Viera Ružeková","doi":"10.1515/stcb-2016-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/stcb-2016-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To success on international markets, individual economies are trying to take measures to increase their efficiency, flexibility and competitiveness. There is a liberalization of tariff and non-tariff barriers mainly due to trade based on regional integration. Among such agreements belong also the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between the EU and the USA, which represent the largest economies in the world. The paper analyses developed scientific studies that assess the economic impact, advantages and disadvantages of closer economic cooperation. However, it reflects not only the economic but also foreign policy importance of this partnership. In the case of signing the TTIP, it would become the most important bilateral trade agreement ever, both in terms of international trade as well as in terms of the impact on international trade as a whole.","PeriodicalId":30220,"journal":{"name":"Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia","volume":"9 1","pages":"211 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67311166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lujza Jurkovičová, N. Kubiniy, Tamila Kosovilka, V. Marhitich
Abstract The article is devoted to identifying the characteristics and principles of goal setting as part of the strategic management of the economic system. The article determines principles and characteristic features of goal setting as an activity. The authors propose the relationship between the individual and the principles of qualitative characteristics of goal-setting, which allows the process of management and decision-making to enhance the effectiveness of goal-setting characteristics through the activation of specific principles.
{"title":"The Signs and Priniciples of Goal Setting as a Specific Kind of Activity","authors":"Lujza Jurkovičová, N. Kubiniy, Tamila Kosovilka, V. Marhitich","doi":"10.1515/stcb-2016-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/stcb-2016-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article is devoted to identifying the characteristics and principles of goal setting as part of the strategic management of the economic system. The article determines principles and characteristic features of goal setting as an activity. The authors propose the relationship between the individual and the principles of qualitative characteristics of goal-setting, which allows the process of management and decision-making to enhance the effectiveness of goal-setting characteristics through the activation of specific principles.","PeriodicalId":30220,"journal":{"name":"Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia","volume":"11 8 1","pages":"420 - 428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67311487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The Member States of the European Free Trade Association are the considerable opportunity for export, especially for countries of the European Union. The European Economic Area unites the Member States of European Union and Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland (the three EFTA countries) into an Internal Market. The paper deals with comparison the basic data of EFTA Member States such as geography, infrastructure, GDP. Due to Logistics Performance Index, it is possible to compare the level of logistics and transportation conditions in selected countries. The export costs and delivery time from a one Member State of European Union to capital cities of EFTA Member States are identified by using online calculator of chosen integrators.
{"title":"Export into EFTA and transportation costs","authors":"Lucia Khúlová","doi":"10.1515/stcb-2016-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/stcb-2016-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Member States of the European Free Trade Association are the considerable opportunity for export, especially for countries of the European Union. The European Economic Area unites the Member States of European Union and Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland (the three EFTA countries) into an Internal Market. The paper deals with comparison the basic data of EFTA Member States such as geography, infrastructure, GDP. Due to Logistics Performance Index, it is possible to compare the level of logistics and transportation conditions in selected countries. The export costs and delivery time from a one Member State of European Union to capital cities of EFTA Member States are identified by using online calculator of chosen integrators.","PeriodicalId":30220,"journal":{"name":"Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia","volume":"9 1","pages":"313 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/stcb-2016-0030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67311553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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