We examine whether the emotional shocks associated with terrorist attacks affect local inventors’ productivity. We find that high-fatality attacks make inventors less innovative, and low-fatality attacks make them more innovative. Inventors living in high risk-taking environments have greater increase in productivity following low-fatality attacks, while less decrease in productivity following high-fatality attacks. Further, the effect of terrorist attacks on inventor productivity mainly comes from exploratory innovation which involves more risks. Inventors affected by high-fatality attacks are also more likely to move to places without any significant terrorist attack history, but there is no such effect for low-fatality attacks.
{"title":"Emotions and Inventor Productivity: Evidence from Terrorist Attacks","authors":"Yue Luo, Yangyang Chen, Ji-Chai Lin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3321554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3321554","url":null,"abstract":"We examine whether the emotional shocks associated with terrorist attacks affect local inventors’ productivity. We find that high-fatality attacks make inventors less innovative, and low-fatality attacks make them more innovative. Inventors living in high risk-taking environments have greater increase in productivity following low-fatality attacks, while less decrease in productivity following high-fatality attacks. Further, the effect of terrorist attacks on inventor productivity mainly comes from exploratory innovation which involves more risks. Inventors affected by high-fatality attacks are also more likely to move to places without any significant terrorist attack history, but there is no such effect for low-fatality attacks.","PeriodicalId":302272,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Management of Technological Innovation & R&D in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132422660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
China’s manufacturing and innovation capabilities are directly related. Availability of complementary resources in rapid prototyping, test production, and components and the ability to deploy innovations at scale increasingly lead high-technology firms, including startups, to consider China as a developmental base across sectors from big data to cloud computing, smart grid, renewable energy, and alternative energy vehicles. Entry into global value chains (GVCs) has led to vast transfers of knowledge, creating human resource capabilities that continuously facilitate the upgrading of Chinese firms. China’s most advanced industries were all those characterized by active participation in GVCs. China’s entry into GVCs has differed significantly from the experiences of other emerging economies, arguably affording China greater innovation benefits. This is directly related to China’s institutional environment of “structured uncertainty.” Structured uncertainty shaped the pattern and impact of entry into GVCs, dictating which regions entered GVCs, when, and how, with long-term knowledge transfer effects.
{"title":"Global Supply Chains as Drivers of Innovation in China","authors":"Michael Murphree, Dan Breznitz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3520159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3520159","url":null,"abstract":"China’s manufacturing and innovation capabilities are directly related. Availability of complementary resources in rapid prototyping, test production, and components and the ability to deploy innovations at scale increasingly lead high-technology firms, including startups, to consider China as a developmental base across sectors from big data to cloud computing, smart grid, renewable energy, and alternative energy vehicles. Entry into global value chains (GVCs) has led to vast transfers of knowledge, creating human resource capabilities that continuously facilitate the upgrading of Chinese firms. China’s most advanced industries were all those characterized by active participation in GVCs. China’s entry into GVCs has differed significantly from the experiences of other emerging economies, arguably affording China greater innovation benefits. This is directly related to China’s institutional environment of “structured uncertainty.” Structured uncertainty shaped the pattern and impact of entry into GVCs, dictating which regions entered GVCs, when, and how, with long-term knowledge transfer effects.","PeriodicalId":302272,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Management of Technological Innovation & R&D in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122604461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indeed, the world economy is a complex system that has undergone many different phases in the past century. Particularly, the African economy is undergoing a series of transformations (transitions) that subject the future to considerable uncertainty, complexity and unpredictability. In fact, some transformations are cyclical while others are longer-term and more structural in nature. Yet, these transitions or emergence interact in shaping the future; making extrapolation from the past an increasingly unreliable source for future predictions. Thus unlike the previous revolutions, the fourth industrial revolution is characterized by the emergence of various technologies such as virtual (augmented) realities, nanotechnologies, 3D printing, machine learning, big data, cloud computing, drones, autonomous vehicles, robotics, artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies. Again, in this digitization era, work is constantly reshaped by technological progress, while firms adopt new ways of production and markets expand. In other worlds, digital technology brings opportunity, pave the way to create new jobs and increase productivity. Unfortunately, this paper argued that while the digital revolution has forged ahead, its analog complements (regulated entry and competition, new economy skills access and accountable institutions) have not kept pace in Africa. Consequently, African governments should formulate digital development strategies that are much broader than current ICTs strategies. That is, they should create a policy and institutional environment for technology that fosters the greatest benefits to African people of twenty-first century and beyond.
{"title":"Emerging African Economies: Digital Structures, Disruptive Responses and Demographic Implications","authors":"G. Nwaobi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3462646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3462646","url":null,"abstract":"Indeed, the world economy is a complex system that has undergone many different phases in the past century. Particularly, the African economy is undergoing a series of transformations (transitions) that subject the future to considerable uncertainty, complexity and unpredictability. In fact, some transformations are cyclical while others are longer-term and more structural in nature. Yet, these transitions or emergence interact in shaping the future; making extrapolation from the past an increasingly unreliable source for future predictions. Thus unlike the previous revolutions, the fourth industrial revolution is characterized by the emergence of various technologies such as virtual (augmented) realities, nanotechnologies, 3D printing, machine learning, big data, cloud computing, drones, autonomous vehicles, robotics, artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies. Again, in this digitization era, work is constantly reshaped by technological progress, while firms adopt new ways of production and markets expand. In other worlds, digital technology brings opportunity, pave the way to create new jobs and increase productivity. Unfortunately, this paper argued that while the digital revolution has forged ahead, its analog complements (regulated entry and competition, new economy skills access and accountable institutions) have not kept pace in Africa. Consequently, African governments should formulate digital development strategies that are much broader than current ICTs strategies. That is, they should create a policy and institutional environment for technology that fosters the greatest benefits to African people of twenty-first century and beyond.","PeriodicalId":302272,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Management of Technological Innovation & R&D in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123776502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of CRM on innovative capabilities where the comparative study has been conducted between the services and manufacturing industries in Pakistan. For this purpose, the factors affecting CRM include information sharing, customer involvement, long-term partnership, joint problem solving, and technology based CRM while for measuring the innovative capabilities, product innovation, process innovation, and service innovation has been used. The data collected from 60 employees working in different service and manufacturing firms in Karachi. The results show that there is a significant impact on customer involvement, joint problem solving and technology based CRM on innovation capabilities of firms. It is suggested to refrain from customer involvement because it is observed that involving the customers negatively influences the innovation capabilities of manufacturing industry and thus, it has been recommended for companies to abstain from drawing in customers. The research also suggests adding supplier integration to form more effective innovations programs.
{"title":"The Impact of CRM on Innovation Capabilities: A Study on Industries of Pakistan","authors":"F. Ahmed, D. Siddiqui","doi":"10.18034/AJTP.V5I3.1129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18034/AJTP.V5I3.1129","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of CRM on innovative capabilities where the comparative study has been conducted between the services and manufacturing industries in Pakistan. For this purpose, the factors affecting CRM include information sharing, customer involvement, long-term partnership, joint problem solving, and technology based CRM while for measuring the innovative capabilities, product innovation, process innovation, and service innovation has been used. The data collected from 60 employees working in different service and manufacturing firms in Karachi. The results show that there is a significant impact on customer involvement, joint problem solving and technology based CRM on innovation capabilities of firms. It is suggested to refrain from customer involvement because it is observed that involving the customers negatively influences the innovation capabilities of manufacturing industry and thus, it has been recommended for companies to abstain from drawing in customers. The research also suggests adding supplier integration to form more effective innovations programs. ","PeriodicalId":302272,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Management of Technological Innovation & R&D in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115749703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the relationship between the data economy and economic development and examines the benefits and challenges for emerging economies. In particular, it examines the market concentration and offers some reasoning for why we should expect that the data economy may end up increasing, not decreasing, the gaps between developed and underdeveloped economies. The paper makes use of the concepts of digital commoditisation (Arbache, 2018) and digital divide (OECD, 2000) to help frame and examine the potential benefits and to identify the challenges that emerging economies may face as a consequence of that commoditisation. The paper proposes some possible way forward for policy-makers to overcome the current technology development asymmetries to reap the benefits and opportunities of the data economy.
{"title":"Sharing the Benefits of the Data Economy for Economic Development","authors":"J. Arbache, Leandro M. S. de Sousa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3699076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3699076","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the relationship between the data economy and economic development and examines the benefits and challenges for emerging economies. In particular, it examines the market concentration and offers some reasoning for why we should expect that the data economy may end up increasing, not decreasing, the gaps between developed and underdeveloped economies. The paper makes use of the concepts of digital commoditisation (Arbache, 2018) and digital divide (OECD, 2000) to help frame and examine the potential benefits and to identify the challenges that emerging economies may face as a consequence of that commoditisation. The paper proposes some possible way forward for policy-makers to overcome the current technology development asymmetries to reap the benefits and opportunities of the data economy.","PeriodicalId":302272,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Management of Technological Innovation & R&D in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121974829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uneven economic stability causes a part of the population with limited economic conditions to become poorer because of the high needs of life that must be met. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the nation's economic base which can be an alternative choice to lift the country's economy from adversity. This study only uses four variables, namely the independent education variable (X1), training (X2), capital (X3) and technology (X4), and the dependent variable on economic resilience in society (Y). The population used in the study is the entrepreneurs (owners or managers) of SMEs that are spread in South Labuhanbatu Regency, amounting to 50 respondents. The sample selected uses purposive sampling to obtain primary data in this study, namely questionnaires and multiple regression analysis. Based on the results of the study, some conclusions can be drawn to answer the formulation of the problem namely education does not affect the economic resilience of the community. Training affects the economic resilience of the community. Capital does not necessarily affect the economic resilience of the community. Finally, technology is the most dominant variable affecting the economic resilience of the community.
{"title":"Economic Strength Analysis Based on Family in Labuhanbatu Selatan District","authors":"Ade Parlaungan Nasution","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3412353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3412353","url":null,"abstract":"Uneven economic stability causes a part of the population with limited economic conditions to become poorer because of the high needs of life that must be met. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the nation's economic base which can be an alternative choice to lift the country's economy from adversity. This study only uses four variables, namely the independent education variable (X1), training (X2), capital (X3) and technology (X4), and the dependent variable on economic resilience in society (Y). The population used in the study is the entrepreneurs (owners or managers) of SMEs that are spread in South Labuhanbatu Regency, amounting to 50 respondents. The sample selected uses purposive sampling to obtain primary data in this study, namely questionnaires and multiple regression analysis. Based on the results of the study, some conclusions can be drawn to answer the formulation of the problem namely education does not affect the economic resilience of the community. Training affects the economic resilience of the community. Capital does not necessarily affect the economic resilience of the community. Finally, technology is the most dominant variable affecting the economic resilience of the community.","PeriodicalId":302272,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Management of Technological Innovation & R&D in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117068260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-27DOI: 10.34218/jom.6.1.2019.011
T. Padmaja
White and Brown consumer durables have similar features and are commoditized in Indian market. In this scenario, one of the key strategies being adopted by major consumer durable companies is introducing innovative features to their durable’s goods brand. However, innovation comes with a price, as consumers might not be familiar with new innovative features and may hesitate to the buy the durables with arcane features. This is where study of innovator adaption becomes essential. In this study, the propensity of consumers for buying durables with new and innovative features is determined for Tiruvarur district. Based on the analysis, innovator index for Tiruvarur district is derived. The higher the index, the higher is the probability that consumers will buy new and innovative durables. Such an index helps in brand marketing and position new products. It helps consumer durable companies to test new and innovative features in consumer durables by launching such products in areas of high innovator index. The study also derives the probability distribution of components of Innovator Index - Awareness, Interest, Desire and Capability. This helps the durable goods companies to structure their product and marketing mix based on the probability values of the components of Innovator Index.
{"title":"Innovator Index for Durable Goods in Tiruvarur District","authors":"T. Padmaja","doi":"10.34218/jom.6.1.2019.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34218/jom.6.1.2019.011","url":null,"abstract":"White and Brown consumer durables have similar features and are commoditized in Indian market. In this scenario, one of the key strategies being adopted by major consumer durable companies is introducing innovative features to their durable’s goods brand. However, innovation comes with a price, as consumers might not be familiar with new innovative features and may hesitate to the buy the durables with arcane features. This is where study of innovator adaption becomes essential. In this study, the propensity of consumers for buying durables with new and innovative features is determined for Tiruvarur district. Based on the analysis, innovator index for Tiruvarur district is derived. The higher the index, the higher is the probability that consumers will buy new and innovative durables. Such an index helps in brand marketing and position new products. It helps consumer durable companies to test new and innovative features in consumer durables by launching such products in areas of high innovator index. The study also derives the probability distribution of components of Innovator Index - Awareness, Interest, Desire and Capability. This helps the durable goods companies to structure their product and marketing mix based on the probability values of the components of Innovator Index.","PeriodicalId":302272,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Management of Technological Innovation & R&D in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"55 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120920303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since 1986, Canada’s Competition Act has had an “efficiencies defence” for mergers that seeks to promote economic efficiency at the expense of competition, instead of through competition. This paper questions whether that policy makes sense. We review a large body of literature and case studies demonstrating that competition spurs innovation and efficiency of enormous magnitude. However, these significant beneficial effects of competition are often overlooked because the dynamic process through which they occur is less susceptible to ex ante prediction or quantification. The perverse result, we argue, is that the Competition Act has a bias towards authorizing anticompetitive mergers in the name of economic efficiency even though such mergers are more likely to reduce efficiency overall.
{"title":"Canada’s (In)efficiency Defence: Why Section 96 May Do More Harm Than Good for Economic Efficiency and Innovation","authors":"Matthew Chiasson, P. A. Johnson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3293790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3293790","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1986, Canada’s Competition Act has had an “efficiencies defence” for mergers that seeks to promote economic efficiency at the expense of competition, instead of through competition. This paper questions whether that policy makes sense. We review a large body of literature and case studies demonstrating that competition spurs innovation and efficiency of enormous magnitude. However, these significant beneficial effects of competition are often overlooked because the dynamic process through which they occur is less susceptible to ex ante prediction or quantification. The perverse result, we argue, is that the Competition Act has a bias towards authorizing anticompetitive mergers in the name of economic efficiency even though such mergers are more likely to reduce efficiency overall.","PeriodicalId":302272,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Management of Technological Innovation & R&D in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"87 1-3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132042324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endogenous demand composition across sectors due to nonhomothetic demand (Engel’s Law) affects i) sectoral compositions in employment and in value-added, ii) variations in innovation rates and in productivity change across sectors, iii) intersectoral patterns of trade across countries, and iv) migration of industries from rich to poor countries. This paper offers a unifying perspective on how economic growth and globalization affect the patterns of structural change, innovation and trade across countries and across sectors in the presence of Engel’s Law. To this end, we develop a two-country model of directed technological change with a continuum of sectors under nonhomothetic preferences, which is rich enough to capture all these effects as well as their interactions. Among the main messages is that globalization amplifies, instead of reducing, the power of endogenous domestic demand composition differences as a driver of structural change.
{"title":"Engel's Law in the Global Economy: Demand-Induced Patterns of Structural Change, Innovation and Trade","authors":"Kiminori Matsuyama","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3126940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3126940","url":null,"abstract":"Endogenous demand composition across sectors due to nonhomothetic demand (Engel’s Law) affects i) sectoral compositions in employment and in value-added, ii) variations in innovation rates and in productivity change across sectors, iii) intersectoral patterns of trade across countries, and iv) migration of industries from rich to poor countries. This paper offers a unifying perspective on how economic growth and globalization affect the patterns of structural change, innovation and trade across countries and across sectors in the presence of Engel’s Law. To this end, we develop a two-country model of directed technological change with a continuum of sectors under nonhomothetic preferences, which is rich enough to capture all these effects as well as their interactions. Among the main messages is that globalization amplifies, instead of reducing, the power of endogenous domestic demand composition differences as a driver of structural change.","PeriodicalId":302272,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Management of Technological Innovation & R&D in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125208136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relationship between innovation and inequality is analysed on a panel of 148 countries for a 50 year span, from 1963-2012. A non linear relationship is found that links innovation to inequality, and which appears to be rather different whether variables representing either input or output of innovative effort are considered. In both cases in fact there appears to be a threshold that once is overcame reverses the relationship. In particular, in the case of innovative inputs a positive relationship with inequality reverses once the threshold is crossed, while the opposite holds for innovative outputs, for which the relationship is initially negative to become positive as, for instance, the number of patents increases over a certain threshold. It is nally possible to exploit these di erent patterns, to provide a truly innovation-based analysis of the patterns of skill premium for US, France, Germany and Great Britain. In all these case, the ratio of R&D to Patents shows a robust negative relationship with the skill premium. In particular, when the ratio of R&D to Patents is low (implying a relatively high overall level of appropriability) increasing patterns of the skill premium result. The opposite happens when the ratio is high (implying a relatively low appropriability level), determining a decrease in the skill premium.
{"title":"Innovation, Inequality and the Skill Premium","authors":"Riccardo Leoncini","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3019960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3019960","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between innovation and inequality is analysed on a panel of 148 countries for a 50 year span, from 1963-2012. A non linear relationship is found that links innovation to inequality, and which appears to be rather different whether variables representing either input or output of innovative effort are considered. In both cases in fact there appears to be a threshold that once is overcame reverses the relationship. In particular, in the case of innovative inputs a positive relationship with inequality reverses once the threshold is crossed, while the opposite holds for innovative outputs, for which the relationship is initially negative to become positive as, for instance, the number of patents increases over a certain threshold. It is nally possible to exploit these di erent patterns, to provide a truly innovation-based analysis of the patterns of skill premium for US, France, Germany and Great Britain. In all these case, the ratio of R&D to Patents shows a robust negative relationship with the skill premium. In particular, when the ratio of R&D to Patents is low (implying a relatively high overall level of appropriability) increasing patterns of the skill premium result. The opposite happens when the ratio is high (implying a relatively low appropriability level), determining a decrease in the skill premium.","PeriodicalId":302272,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Management of Technological Innovation & R&D in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129950126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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