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Ancient Lives, New Stories: Current Research on the Ancient Near East - Introduction 古代生活,新故事:古代近东研究现状——引论
0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-20 DOI: 10.14324/111.444.2041-9015.1332
Lucy Sladen
The first edition of the London Postgraduate Conference for the Ancient Near East (LPCANE) took place on 1st and 2nd December 2018 at the British Museum in London. It bore the title Ancient Lives, New Stories: Current Research on the Ancient Near East, which aimed to highlight how new research and new approaches can shed light on hotly debated topics of the past and open new avenues of research. Aimed at graduate students (Master’s and PhD) and early career researchers, the primary objective of this event was to create a forum of discussion for emerging scholars to showcase their research at any stage of progress and to foster exchange between the diverse disciplines working on the Ancient Near East, including Archaeology, Assyriology, Anthropology, Historiography, Conservation and Museum Studies. Near Eastern Archaeology, Assyriology and sister disciplines often tread separate paths in spite of having a common focus of attention. Thus, in this conference we aimed to highlight overlapping ideas and the interaction and complementarity between the knowledge derived from material culture, textual sources and other types of studies, and collaboration among scholars from different disciplines was facilitated and encouraged. The chronological periods under consideration were the Palaeolithic to the Islamic conquest, and the geographical scope, Anatolia to Afghanistan and the Caucasus to the Arabian Peninsula. 
2018年12月1日至2日,第一届伦敦古代近东研究生会议(LPCANE)在伦敦大英博物馆举行。它的标题是“古代生活,新故事:古代近东的当前研究”,旨在强调新研究和新方法如何阐明过去激烈争论的话题,并开辟新的研究途径。针对研究生(硕士和博士)和早期职业研究人员,本次活动的主要目标是为新兴学者创建一个讨论论坛,展示他们在任何阶段的研究进展,并促进古代近东不同学科之间的交流,包括考古学,亚述学,人类学,史学,保护和博物馆研究。近东考古学、亚述学和姊妹学科尽管有共同的关注焦点,但往往走不同的道路。因此,在这次会议上,我们旨在强调思想的重叠,以及来自物质文化、文本来源和其他类型研究的知识之间的互动和互补,并促进和鼓励不同学科学者之间的合作。所考虑的年代是旧石器时代到伊斯兰征服,地理范围是安纳托利亚到阿富汗,高加索到阿拉伯半岛。
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引用次数: 1
Late Holocene lithic points from a Southern Brazilian mound: The Pororó site 巴西南部丘上的晚全新世岩屑点:Pororó站点
0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-19 DOI: 10.14324/111.444.2041-9015.1186
João Carlos Moreno de Sousa,Anderson Marques Garcia
Most lithic industries associated with hunter-gatherergroups in Eastern South America, especially the ones with points present, date tothe Early Holocene, with some minor industries and lithic points typologiespersisting until the Middle Holocene and, more rarely, until the Late Holocene.This is the case for the Garivaldinense lithic industry associated pointstypologies. In this article we present the technological analysis of the pointsidentified at the Pororó site, located in central Rio Grande do Sul State,Brazil. The site is an artificial mound dated to around 2,500 BP. We applied anestablished protocol for analysis of stemmed points considering metric,morphological and technological features that allowed us to classify the artefactsin typologies. We identified two types of points associated to theGarivaldinense lithic industry: the Montenegro and Garivaldinense types. Wehave also identified a new type that has never been described before andproposed to refer to it as the Pororó type. At least one Pay Paso point wasidentified at the site, although this type of point is not yet known at other sitesof this region and chronology. The results indicate persistence of theGarivaldinense Culture from the Early to Late Holocene, as well astechnological innovation during the Late Holocene.
大多数与南美东部狩猎采集者相关的石器工业,特别是那些有石器点的,可以追溯到全新世早期,一些较小的工业和石器点类型学一直持续到全新世中期,更罕见的是,直到全新世晚期。这是加里瓦尔丁ense石晶工业相关的点型学的情况。在这篇文章中,我们提出了技术分析的点确定在Pororó网站,位于南里奥格兰德州中部,巴西。该遗址是一个人工丘,其历史可以追溯到2500年前。我们应用了一个既定的方案来分析茎点,考虑到度量、形态学和技术特征,使我们能够将人工制品分类为类型学。我们确定了与Garivaldinense石业相关的两种类型的点:Montenegro和Garivaldinense类型。我们还发现了一种以前从未被描述过的新类型,并建议将其称为Pororó类型。在该遗址至少发现了一个佩帕索点,尽管这种类型的点尚未在该地区和年代的其他遗址中发现。研究结果表明,加里瓦尔迪纳斯文化在全新世早期至晚期持续存在,并在全新世晚期出现了技术创新。
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引用次数: 1
Form, Content, and Space: Methodological Challenges in the Study of Medieval and Early Modern European Graffiti 形式、内容和空间:中世纪和早期现代欧洲涂鸦研究中的方法论挑战
0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.14324/111.444.2041-9015.1283
M. Trentin
Scholars of variousdisciplines have focused their attention on European Medieval and Early Modern graffitiduring the last decade, thus confirming and reinforcing the value of thispeculiar written evidence. Their contributions demonstrate that graffiti canoffer valuable information to different fields of study (e.g. shipbuilding,palaeography, history, social culture, and visual culture) through a glimpseinto past daily life. Due to their nature, graffiti present a completely freegraphic expression, which may appear in either textual or pictorial forms, orboth. This characteristic makes their study rather challenging due to the twodifferent mechanisms of communication they employ. In the case of textualgraffiti, the content is transmitted through linguistic codification, whilepictorial graffiti require a decoding process that is more complex andarticulated. The first challenge, though, is to find a way to record andcompare both evidence on the same graphic and verbal levels.  Furthermore, as for any other epigraphicevidence, the graffiti analysis must take into account the writing surfaces andthe context, two elements that are fundamental for the final interpretation ofthis source. This paper will address these methodological issues concerning thepreliminary phase of graffiti documentation and classification/cataloguing. Thestarting point has been the recent debate and application of FAIR dataprinciples in the field of Humanities, which aim to create quality data, easilyexchanged in a digital environment, fostering knowledge in the field. Sincethis approach has not yet been applied to graffiti studies, the paper aims tostimulate a dialogue on innovative and objective methodological approacheswithin the researchers’ community.
在过去的十年里,各个学科的学者都把注意力集中在欧洲中世纪和早期现代的涂鸦上,从而确认和加强了这种独特的书面证据的价值。他们的贡献表明,涂鸦可以通过对过去日常生活的一瞥,为不同的研究领域(如造船、古生物学、历史、社会文化和视觉文化)提供有价值的信息。由于其性质,涂鸦呈现出一种完全自由的表达方式,可能以文字形式出现,也可能以图画形式出现,或者两者兼而有之。由于他们采用的两种不同的交流机制,这一特点使他们的研究颇具挑战性。在文本涂鸦的情况下,内容是通过语言编纂来传播的,而史诗涂鸦则需要一个更复杂、更清晰的解码过程。然而,第一个挑战是找到一种方法,在相同的图像和语言水平上记录和比较这两种证据。此外,对于任何其他铭文证据,涂鸦分析必须考虑到书写表面和上下文,这两个因素是对这一来源的最终解释的基础。本文将解决这些关于涂鸦文档和分类/编目的初步阶段的方法学问题。起点是最近在人文领域对FAIR数据原则的辩论和应用,其目的是创建高质量的数据,易于在数字环境中交换,促进该领域的知识。由于这种方法尚未应用于涂鸦研究,本文旨在激发研究人员社区内关于创新和客观的方法方法的对话。
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引用次数: 2
Walking through Jordan. Essays in Honour of Burton MacDonald 穿过约旦。博顿·麦克唐纳纪念文集
0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-04-30 DOI: 10.14324/111.2041-9015.002
Xosé L. Hermoso-Buxán
Closing Comment We would like to thank the respondents to our paper for their contributions to the unfolding debate over Brexit and its relationship to archaeology and heritage. These essays reflect in diverse ways the complex intersection of the scholarly, the political and the personal that has perhaps always been with us, and increasingly commented upon, but which Brexit has brought to a moment of crisis from which we can only hope a positive outcome is still salvageable. Since writing the initial paper for this Forum in July of 2017, events have moved forward in several ways, although ironically in terms of the actual process of exiting the EU remarkably little has happened. More and more evidence is certainly emerging of the social and economic problems that this process, should it reach conclusion, will cause, whether in UK generally, in the rest of Europe (particularly in Ireland; e.g. House of Lords 2016; The UK in a Changing Europe 2017), or in our particular sector (Schlanger 2017). More disturbingly, perhaps, the tone of debate represented in some media outlets has darkened even further and universities in particular have come under attack as bastions of ‘remainerism’. Just prior to writing this piece, the Conservative politician Chris Heaton-Harris MP was in the news for seeking information about the teaching of Brexit-related issues in all UK universities (BBC 2017a). Whatever the motivation behind this, the front cover of the Daily Mail on October 26th (headline, ‘Our Remainer Universities’) followed up on this story, and made it clear that for some on the pro-Leave right-wing, universities are now a major target for political attack. This can be seen as part of a wider trend, pre-dating the referendum and becoming widespread across the western world (and certainly in the US), of right-wing populists painting universities – and, by extension, academic and scientific knowledge – as simultaneously liberal/left-biased and elitist (cf. Runciman 2016). Meanwhile, these same populist movements appear to be, literally, on the march, from Charlottesville in August (BBC UCL Institute of Archaeology, GB Corresponding author: Andrew Gardner (andrew.gardner@ucl.ac.uk) FORUM
结束语我们要感谢我们论文的受访者对英国脱欧及其与考古和遗产关系的辩论所做的贡献。这些文章以不同的方式反映了学术、政治和个人的复杂交叉点,这些交叉点可能一直伴随着我们,并受到越来越多的评论,但英国脱欧已经将其带到了一个危机时刻,我们只能希望一个积极的结果仍然可以挽救。自2017年7月为论坛撰写第一篇论文以来,事件在几个方面取得了进展,尽管具有讽刺意味的是,就退出欧盟的实际过程而言,几乎没有发生什么。越来越多的证据表明,如果这一过程结束,无论是在英国,还是在欧洲其他地区(特别是在爱尔兰;例如,2016年上议院;2017年变化中的欧洲中的英国),还是在我们的特定部门(Schlanger 2017),都会引发社会和经济问题。也许更令人不安的是,一些媒体上的辩论基调变得更加黑暗,尤其是大学受到了“残余主义”堡垒的攻击。就在撰写这篇文章之前,保守党政治家克里斯·希顿·哈里斯议员因寻求有关英国所有大学脱欧相关问题教学的信息而上了新闻(BBC 2017a)。无论背后的动机是什么,《每日邮报》10月26日的封面(标题为“我们的留欧派大学”)都对这篇报道进行了跟进,并明确表示,对于一些支持脱欧的右翼人士来说,大学现在是政治攻击的主要目标。这可以被视为一种更广泛趋势的一部分,这种趋势早于公投,并在西方世界(当然也在美国)广泛传播,右翼民粹主义者将大学——以及学术和科学知识——描绘成自由主义/左翼偏见和精英主义者(参见Runciman 2016)。与此同时,这些民粹主义运动似乎正在8月从夏洛茨维尔发起的游行中(英国广播公司伦敦大学学院考古研究所,英国通讯作者:Andrew Gardner(andrew.gardner@ucl.ac.uk)论坛
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引用次数: 1
Seeing Race in Biblical Egypt: Edwin Longsden Long’s Anno Domini (1883) and A. H. Sayce’s The Races of the Old Testament (1891) 从圣经中的埃及看种族:埃德温·朗斯登·朗的《纪元》(1883)和a·h·赛斯的《旧约中的种族》(1891)
0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-04-30 DOI: 10.14324/111.444.2041-9015.1128
D. Challis
To download this paper, please click  here. This paper discusses the impact of ideas about the historical and racial origins of the Holy Family that are captured in the painting  Anno Domini or the Flight into Egypt  (1883/4) by Edwin Longsden Long.  Anno Domini  fits into a wider 19 th -century popular visual and literary narrative around Egypt and its ancient and biblical past. This general narrative, and its racial constructions, has been explored within reception theory and art history, but often overlooked in histories of archaeology and Egyptology. This paper unpacks how  Anno Domini  fits into a well-known orientalist way of seeing Egypt but also reflects ideas about race that were prevalent in archaeology and other newly established scientific disciplines at the time. The construction of the Virgin Mary and Christ child as White Europeans in  Anno Domini  both reflects and had an impact on constructions of race in Britain and on ancient (and modern) peoples in the Holy Land and Egypt in the late nineteenth century. These constructions fed the growing use of scientific terminology to give such racist imagery authority, as found in A. H. Sayce's ‘Sunday school book’  The Races of the Old Testament  (1891). Sayce’s popular book used photographs taken by the archaeologist Flinders Petrie in 1887 of different 'racial types' from Egyptian monuments.  Anno Domini  vividly illustrates the preoccupation with race and identity found in archaeological interpretations of and motivations for recording material culture from ancient Egypt. This paper illustrates how art, archaeology, orientalism and racial theory fused and fed each other.
请按此下载本文。本文讨论了在埃德温·朗斯登·朗的画作《Anno Domini》或《逃往埃及》(1883/4)中所捕捉到的关于神圣家族的历史和种族起源的思想的影响。《纪元》符合19世纪更广泛的关于埃及及其古代和圣经历史的视觉和文学叙事。这种一般的叙述及其种族结构,已经在接受理论和艺术史中进行了探索,但在考古学和埃及学的历史中经常被忽视。这篇论文揭示了Anno Domini是如何符合著名的东方主义者看待埃及的方式的,但也反映了当时在考古学和其他新建立的科学学科中流行的种族观念。在《纪元》中,圣母玛利亚和圣婴被塑造成白种欧洲人,这既反映了英国的种族观念,也影响了19世纪晚期圣地和埃及的古代(和现代)民族。这些结构助长了科学术语的使用,赋予这种种族主义意象权威,就像在A. H. Sayce的主日学书《旧约的种族》(1891)中发现的那样。赛斯的这本畅销书使用了考古学家弗林德斯·皮特里(Flinders Petrie)于1887年从埃及纪念碑上拍摄的不同“种族类型”的照片。《Anno Domini》生动地说明了在对古埃及物质文化的考古解释和记录动机中发现的对种族和身份的关注。本文阐述了艺术、考古学、东方主义和种族理论是如何相互融合和滋养的。
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引用次数: 0
Microhistory and Archaeology: Some Comments and Contributions 微观历史与考古学:一些评论和贡献
0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-04-30 DOI: 10.14324/111.2041-9015.001
Artur Ribeiro
To download this paper, please click  here . Archaeology has always kept an inconsistent relationship with history. For decades, archaeology has either largely rejected what history could offer, such as among certain processual archaeologists, or it has cherry-picked certain elements of historical methods. The closest that archaeologists have ever come to establishing a complete historical method to be applied in archaeology was through the adoption of the idea of the  Annales  School of history. Part of what made the  Annales  School so attractive to archaeologists of all backgrounds was that it tackled the past in a way that was very practical and useful for archaeology: it engaged with the past in the form of  total histories , which could then be segmented in three separate durations and could be studied in an interdisciplinary manner. Additionally, the way the  Annales  School envisaged the past allowed for the study of the past in a very scientific way (e.g. quantitative, statistical), but also allowed the qualitative study of mentalities of the past people under analysis. However, one of the greatest problems of the  Annales  School is that it suppressed the human agent. Whether they were hidden behind structural economic forces or long-term symbolic structures, the individual remained always buried under the large-scale — history, according to  annalistes , could not be the result of individual action. This, in turn, is what eventually led to the demise of the  Annales  School, in favour of the Italian microhistory. Does this mean that the  Annales School of History must be complete scraped? No, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate that archaeology can in fact have a fruitful historical paradigm based on some ideas of the  Annales  School, and at the same time, some ideas of Italian microhistory. This would require understanding microhistory as the reconstruction of the life of agents, small-scale case-studies that serve as exemplars of large-scale phenomena.
请按此下载本文。考古学与历史的关系一直不一致。几十年来,考古学要么在很大程度上拒绝历史学所能提供的东西,比如在某些过程考古学家中,要么精选了历史方法的某些元素。考古学家们最接近于建立一套完整的历史方法来应用于考古学,是通过采用历史年鉴学派的思想。编年史学派对各种背景的考古学家如此有吸引力的部分原因是,它以一种对考古学非常实用和有用的方式处理过去:它以整体历史的形式参与过去,然后可以分成三个不同的时间段,以跨学科的方式进行研究。此外,年鉴学派设想过去的方式允许以非常科学的方式研究过去(例如定量,统计),但也允许在分析中对过去的人的心态进行定性研究。然而,年历学派最大的问题之一是它压抑了人的主体。无论是隐藏在结构性经济力量背后,还是长期的符号结构背后,个人始终被埋在大规模之下——根据编年史家的说法,历史不可能是个人行动的结果。反过来,这也最终导致了年鉴学派的消亡,意大利微观史学取而代之。这是否意味着《年鉴》历史学院必须完全报废?不,这篇文章的目的是证明考古学实际上可以有一个富有成效的历史范式,它基于年鉴学派的一些观点,同时也基于意大利微观历史的一些观点。这就需要把微观历史理解为主体生命的重建,作为大规模现象范例的小规模个案研究。
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引用次数: 3
Review of Decolonisation, heritage and the field, London 26–27 January 2018 非殖民化、遗产和实地审查,2018年1月26日至27日,伦敦
0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-04-30 DOI: 10.14324/111.2041-9015.003
A. Gardner, Rodney Harrison
Closing Comment We would like to thank the respondents to our paper for their contributions to the unfolding debate over Brexit and its relationship to archaeology and heritage. These essays reflect in diverse ways the complex intersection of the scholarly, the political and the personal that has perhaps always been with us, and increasingly commented upon, but which Brexit has b ought to a moment of crisis from which we can only hope a positive outcome is still salvageable. Since writing the initial paper for this Forum in July of 2017, events have moved forward in several ways, although ironically in terms of the actual process of exiting the EU remarkably little has happened. More and more evidence is certainly emerging of the social and economic problems that this process, should it reach conclusion, will cause, whether in UK generally, in the rest of Europe (particularly in Ireland; e.g. House of Lords 2016; The UK in a Changing Europe 2017), or in our particular sector (Schlanger 2017). More disturbingly, perhaps, the tone of debate represented in some media outlets has darkened even further and universities in particular have come under attack as bastions of ‘remainerism’. Just prior to writing this piece, the Conservative politician Chris Heaton-Harris MP was in the news for seeking information about the teaching of Brexit-related issues in all UK universities (BBC 2017a). Whatever the motivation behind this, the front cover of the Daily Mail on October 26th (headline, ‘Our Remainer Universities’) followed up on this story, and made it clear that for some on the pro-Leave right-wing, universities are now a major target for political attack. This can be seen as part of a wider trend, pre-dating the referendum and becoming widespread across the western world (and certainly in the US), of right-wing populists painting universities – and, by extension, academic and scientific knowledge – as simultaneously liberal/left-biased and elitist (cf. Runciman 2016). Meanwhile, these same populist movements appear to be, literally, on the march, from Charlottesville in August (BBC UCL Institute of Archaeology, GB Corresponding author: Andrew Gardner (andrew.gardner@ucl.ac.uk) FORUM
结束语我们要感谢我们论文的受访者对英国脱欧及其与考古和遗产关系的辩论所做的贡献。这些文章以不同的方式反映了学术、政治和个人的复杂交叉点,这些交叉点可能一直伴随着我们,并受到越来越多的评论,但英国脱欧应该是一个危机时刻,我们只能希望一个积极的结果仍然可以挽救。自2017年7月为论坛撰写第一篇论文以来,事件在几个方面取得了进展,尽管具有讽刺意味的是,就退出欧盟的实际过程而言,几乎没有发生什么。越来越多的证据表明,如果这一过程结束,无论是在英国,还是在欧洲其他地区(特别是在爱尔兰;例如,2016年上议院;2017年变化中的欧洲中的英国),还是在我们的特定部门(Schlanger 2017),都会引发社会和经济问题。也许更令人不安的是,一些媒体上的辩论基调变得更加黑暗,尤其是大学受到了“残余主义”堡垒的攻击。就在撰写这篇文章之前,保守党政治家克里斯·希顿·哈里斯议员因寻求有关英国所有大学脱欧相关问题教学的信息而上了新闻(BBC 2017a)。无论背后的动机是什么,《每日邮报》10月26日的封面(标题为“我们的留欧派大学”)都对这篇报道进行了跟进,并明确表示,对于一些支持脱欧的右翼人士来说,大学现在是政治攻击的主要目标。这可以被视为一种更广泛趋势的一部分,这种趋势早于公投,并在西方世界(当然也在美国)广泛传播,右翼民粹主义者将大学——以及学术和科学知识——描绘成自由主义/左翼偏见和精英主义者(参见Runciman 2016)。与此同时,这些民粹主义运动似乎正在8月从夏洛茨维尔发起的游行中(英国广播公司伦敦大学学院考古研究所,英国通讯作者:Andrew Gardner(andrew.gardner@ucl.ac.uk)论坛
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引用次数: 0
Exhibition Review of Wounded: Conflict, Casualties and Care Science Museum, London (29th June 2016–15th January 2018) 展览回顾:冲突、伤亡与护理科学博物馆,伦敦(2016年6月29日- 2018年1月15日)
0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2017-03-03 DOI: 10.5334/pia-522
Thomas Siek
“Wounded: Conflict, Casualties and Care” is an exhibition being held at the London Science Museum. It is focused on the medical aspects and challenges experienced during the First World War. The exhibition also centres on the social implications that returning wounded or disabled soldiers faced, the charity efforts that began in response and the modern parallels today. This review summarizes the exhibition while highlighting its strengths and weaknesses.
“伤员:冲突、伤亡和护理”是伦敦科学博物馆正在举办的一个展览。它侧重于第一次世界大战期间所经历的医疗方面和挑战。展览还关注了伤残兵回国后所面临的社会影响、由此引发的慈善活动以及与之相关的现代事件。这篇综述总结了这次展览,同时突出了它的优点和缺点。
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引用次数: 0
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Papers from the Institute of Archaeology
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