This article outlines the evolutionary framework of disciplinary scientific research and its development in defining the Smart City concept and the main evaluation criteria of smartness and smart urbanism in Europe. Starting with the timeline of the three definitions of smartness, the study analyses the EU development programs and highlights the innovation introduced by European policies across three European programs: a) SET-Plan (2000-2006); b) Seventh Framework Program, FP7 (2007-2013); c) Horizon 2020 (2014-2020), tackles comparatively the implication of smart cities in European countries in term of policies and how to assess the smartness in these cities. The research concludes with some reflection about the role of the ‘Smart city’ paradigm in the next seventh-year program 2021-2027, and his contribution to building a theoretical basis to implement a 'smart urbanism’ concept and its applications in urban planning tools.
{"title":"From \"Set Plan\" to \"Horizon Europe\"","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/ijupsc.302128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijupsc.302128","url":null,"abstract":"This article outlines the evolutionary framework of disciplinary scientific research and its development in defining the Smart City concept and the main evaluation criteria of smartness and smart urbanism in Europe. Starting with the timeline of the three definitions of smartness, the study analyses the EU development programs and highlights the innovation introduced by European policies across three European programs: a) SET-Plan (2000-2006); b) Seventh Framework Program, FP7 (2007-2013); c) Horizon 2020 (2014-2020), tackles comparatively the implication of smart cities in European countries in term of policies and how to assess the smartness in these cities. The research concludes with some reflection about the role of the ‘Smart city’ paradigm in the next seventh-year program 2021-2027, and his contribution to building a theoretical basis to implement a 'smart urbanism’ concept and its applications in urban planning tools.","PeriodicalId":302697,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Planning and Smart Cities","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115690049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
‘Smart’ has become a leitmotif that is widely assumed to reach the goals of urban sustainability and improve the living standards of people. Though there is an exponential increase in the smart cities' research during the last two decades, the concept is still silent about the importance of existing cities and communities to achieve Smart Urban Development (SUD). Authors propose a Systematic Literature Search and Review framework, coupled with deductive text computational and inductive grounded theory methods for the meta-synthesis. This study contributes to the present research landscape by facilitating urban professionals for framing integrated strategies, instead of blindly fixing the urban spaces with technological components. The automated text analysis for meta-synthesis is a novel approach for analyzing a diverse concept like Smart City, by eliminating chances of human errors. The findings conclude that the three-dimensional objectives of SUD are achieving sustainable development, high quality of life, and inclusive development.
{"title":"A Systematic Text-Analytics-Based Meta-Synthesis Approach for Smart Urban Development","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/ijupsc.302131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijupsc.302131","url":null,"abstract":"‘Smart’ has become a leitmotif that is widely assumed to reach the goals of urban sustainability and improve the living standards of people. Though there is an exponential increase in the smart cities' research during the last two decades, the concept is still silent about the importance of existing cities and communities to achieve Smart Urban Development (SUD). Authors propose a Systematic Literature Search and Review framework, coupled with deductive text computational and inductive grounded theory methods for the meta-synthesis. This study contributes to the present research landscape by facilitating urban professionals for framing integrated strategies, instead of blindly fixing the urban spaces with technological components. The automated text analysis for meta-synthesis is a novel approach for analyzing a diverse concept like Smart City, by eliminating chances of human errors. The findings conclude that the three-dimensional objectives of SUD are achieving sustainable development, high quality of life, and inclusive development.","PeriodicalId":302697,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Planning and Smart Cities","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116167973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070107
Dudley Stewart
This is the first of a number of reports emerging from the author's 50 years of continuous action in the arena of sustainable energy field laboratories. This paper is a fresh guidance product of action-learning in an organically organised living lab which has been dedicated to the phased eradication of the use of fossil fuel as the dominant, and most destructive, source of Earth's energy. During the course of the past five decades, this old-style living lab, made-up of many smaller labs, has been migrating from rural to urban solutions, and it has been at the critical junctures of a number of European Union (EU) lighthouse smart cities. The author asserts that while definitions for smart cities abound, and a plethora of writing exploring the concepts that underpin them has emerged, the definitions tend to fall short as they do not take into account the requirement for keeping the cities operational while the teams of disparate planners, specialists, and citizens dynamically reshape it for purpose. This is akin to building the airship while flying it.
{"title":"Smart City Field Notes One","authors":"Dudley Stewart","doi":"10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070107","url":null,"abstract":"This is the first of a number of reports emerging from the author's 50 years of continuous action in the arena of sustainable energy field laboratories. This paper is a fresh guidance product of action-learning in an organically organised living lab which has been dedicated to the phased eradication of the use of fossil fuel as the dominant, and most destructive, source of Earth's energy. During the course of the past five decades, this old-style living lab, made-up of many smaller labs, has been migrating from rural to urban solutions, and it has been at the critical junctures of a number of European Union (EU) lighthouse smart cities. The author asserts that while definitions for smart cities abound, and a plethora of writing exploring the concepts that underpin them has emerged, the definitions tend to fall short as they do not take into account the requirement for keeping the cities operational while the teams of disparate planners, specialists, and citizens dynamically reshape it for purpose. This is akin to building the airship while flying it.","PeriodicalId":302697,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Planning and Smart Cities","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115692689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070103
Bastiaan Baccarne, L. De Marez
This paper studies participation divides on civic crowdsourcing platforms in a smart city context, hybrid applications of distributed urban innovation management, and new modes of digital citizenship, often applied to co-shape future urban environments. However, the emergence of new participatory instruments also brings new digital inequalities, as their adoption is not distributed equally. Hence, from an explicitly interdisciplinary perspective, this article explores the role of civic engagement, digital inequalities, and opinion leadership in understanding differences in participatory behavior on such platforms. Using a regression model (N = 178), this study shows that participation differences on civic crowdsourcing platforms are explained by opinion leadership and political engagement, but not by community engagement, traditional digital inequalities. This reveals that such platforms are used most by those who were already participating and have high levels of expertise, which sheds a light on the potential empowerment of such platforms and its democratic implications.
{"title":"Co-Shaping Smart Cities","authors":"Bastiaan Baccarne, L. De Marez","doi":"10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies participation divides on civic crowdsourcing platforms in a smart city context, hybrid applications of distributed urban innovation management, and new modes of digital citizenship, often applied to co-shape future urban environments. However, the emergence of new participatory instruments also brings new digital inequalities, as their adoption is not distributed equally. Hence, from an explicitly interdisciplinary perspective, this article explores the role of civic engagement, digital inequalities, and opinion leadership in understanding differences in participatory behavior on such platforms. Using a regression model (N = 178), this study shows that participation differences on civic crowdsourcing platforms are explained by opinion leadership and political engagement, but not by community engagement, traditional digital inequalities. This reveals that such platforms are used most by those who were already participating and have high levels of expertise, which sheds a light on the potential empowerment of such platforms and its democratic implications.","PeriodicalId":302697,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Planning and Smart Cities","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131558785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070105
Graham Colclough, Andoni González-Gómez, M. Velasco, J. Stevens, P. Goodey, Robert Henderson, J. Webber, M. Telhado, Rafaela Matos
Cities face a growing set of complex interdependent challenges. Increasing urban populations, ageing infrastructure, and uncertainties regarding the scale and manifestation of variety of contemporary challenges all highlight the increasing pressures facing decision makers to make substantial change. The influence of City Hall to convene, engage and involve, guide and steer, provide or liberate resources, demonstrate, and decide are all important means by which a city can accelerate and strengthen how it mitigates risks and rebounds from adverse situations better. This paper explores the experiences of cities involved in the RESCCUE project—Bristol, Barcelona, and Lisbon—in addressing climate change risks within pre-existing governance frameworks. The principal conclusion is that there is an absence of a common language and organising framework to strengthen the governance of city resilience, and to that end, the authors offer an emerging framework.
{"title":"Governance of City Resilience","authors":"Graham Colclough, Andoni González-Gómez, M. Velasco, J. Stevens, P. Goodey, Robert Henderson, J. Webber, M. Telhado, Rafaela Matos","doi":"10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070105","url":null,"abstract":"Cities face a growing set of complex interdependent challenges. Increasing urban populations, ageing infrastructure, and uncertainties regarding the scale and manifestation of variety of contemporary challenges all highlight the increasing pressures facing decision makers to make substantial change. The influence of City Hall to convene, engage and involve, guide and steer, provide or liberate resources, demonstrate, and decide are all important means by which a city can accelerate and strengthen how it mitigates risks and rebounds from adverse situations better. This paper explores the experiences of cities involved in the RESCCUE project—Bristol, Barcelona, and Lisbon—in addressing climate change risks within pre-existing governance frameworks. The principal conclusion is that there is an absence of a common language and organising framework to strengthen the governance of city resilience, and to that end, the authors offer an emerging framework.","PeriodicalId":302697,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Planning and Smart Cities","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131205066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070104
Gudrun Haindlmaier, P. Wagner, Doris Wilhelmer
In the face of societal and environmental challenges in Europe, cities—as socio-technical systems—seek for a deeper understanding of new governance processes and innovative urban policy approaches for profound changes towards sustainability. This paper proposes the ‘transformation room' as orchestration and negotiation format for the joint programming of research and innovation agendas with and for European cities, in order to allow for new urban governance via transnational cooperation and alignment. The ‘transformation room' aims to interlink innovative niches and current regimes in a multi-level governance set-up, in order to allow transformation by (1) defining the main structural elements of roles and rules for cooperation; (2) offering process elements for the co-creation, experimentation, and implementation of orientation; and (3) combining both elements in a specific form of transformative leadership. The paper identifies success criteria for transformative leadership and, consequently, the enhancement of urban transformative capacity.
{"title":"Transformation Rooms","authors":"Gudrun Haindlmaier, P. Wagner, Doris Wilhelmer","doi":"10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070104","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of societal and environmental challenges in Europe, cities—as socio-technical systems—seek for a deeper understanding of new governance processes and innovative urban policy approaches for profound changes towards sustainability. This paper proposes the ‘transformation room' as orchestration and negotiation format for the joint programming of research and innovation agendas with and for European cities, in order to allow for new urban governance via transnational cooperation and alignment. The ‘transformation room' aims to interlink innovative niches and current regimes in a multi-level governance set-up, in order to allow transformation by (1) defining the main structural elements of roles and rules for cooperation; (2) offering process elements for the co-creation, experimentation, and implementation of orientation; and (3) combining both elements in a specific form of transformative leadership. The paper identifies success criteria for transformative leadership and, consequently, the enhancement of urban transformative capacity.","PeriodicalId":302697,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Planning and Smart Cities","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114191266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070102
Adam Urban, D. Hick, J. R. Noennig, D. Kammer
Exploring the phenomenon of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in urban planning and governance, this article reviews most current smart city developments and outlines the future potential of AI, especially in the context of participatory urban design. It concludes that especially the algorithmic analysis and synthesis of large data sets generated by massive user participation projects present a beneficial field of application that enables better design decision making, project validation, and evaluation.
{"title":"With a Little Help From AI","authors":"Adam Urban, D. Hick, J. R. Noennig, D. Kammer","doi":"10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070102","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring the phenomenon of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in urban planning and governance, this article reviews most current smart city developments and outlines the future potential of AI, especially in the context of participatory urban design. It concludes that especially the algorithmic analysis and synthesis of large data sets generated by massive user participation projects present a beneficial field of application that enables better design decision making, project validation, and evaluation.","PeriodicalId":302697,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Planning and Smart Cities","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121750725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070106
E. Croci, Tania Molteni
Smart city business models identify the mechanisms through which a smart city solution or a combination of integrated solutions are able to create, deliver, and capture private and public value for society. This paper aims to identify the main archetypes of smart city business models in three sectors (energy, mobility, ICT) through an in-depth analysis of three city case studies: Valencia, Dresden, and Antalya (involved in the Horizon 2020 project “MAtchUP”). Cities' business models are analysed through a questionnaire-based survey, targeted to city government representatives and their technical partners. The paper develops a set of smart city business model archetypes, based on the roles and involvement of public and private actors in 1) funding, 2) asset ownership, and 3) operations of smart city solutions. These archetypes range from a model where the city government plays a prevalent role in all three dimensions to a model where private actors are more prevalent with several intermediate models.
{"title":"Business Models for Smart City Solutions","authors":"E. Croci, Tania Molteni","doi":"10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070106","url":null,"abstract":"Smart city business models identify the mechanisms through which a smart city solution or a combination of integrated solutions are able to create, deliver, and capture private and public value for society. This paper aims to identify the main archetypes of smart city business models in three sectors (energy, mobility, ICT) through an in-depth analysis of three city case studies: Valencia, Dresden, and Antalya (involved in the Horizon 2020 project “MAtchUP”). Cities' business models are analysed through a questionnaire-based survey, targeted to city government representatives and their technical partners. The paper develops a set of smart city business model archetypes, based on the roles and involvement of public and private actors in 1) funding, 2) asset ownership, and 3) operations of smart city solutions. These archetypes range from a model where the city government plays a prevalent role in all three dimensions to a model where private actors are more prevalent with several intermediate models.","PeriodicalId":302697,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Planning and Smart Cities","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132245420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070101
Monika Heyder, S. Höffken, Constanze Heydkamp
Public involvement in urban planning is not new, but with recent innovations in the ICT sector and their rapid uptake by society, urban planners and public authorities have access to new digital means to facilitate it. The article focuses on the potential of digital solutions for stakeholder participation during the whole lifecycle of the urban neighborhood, such as participatory maps, 3D-visualisation, augmented reality, and virtual reality, and emphasizes their specifics. The article draws on diverse project experiences in Germany, but the authors argue its relevance for other cases in Europe and worldwide.
{"title":"eParticipation in Neighbourhood Development","authors":"Monika Heyder, S. Höffken, Constanze Heydkamp","doi":"10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJUPSC.2021070101","url":null,"abstract":"Public involvement in urban planning is not new, but with recent innovations in the ICT sector and their rapid uptake by society, urban planners and public authorities have access to new digital means to facilitate it. The article focuses on the potential of digital solutions for stakeholder participation during the whole lifecycle of the urban neighborhood, such as participatory maps, 3D-visualisation, augmented reality, and virtual reality, and emphasizes their specifics. The article draws on diverse project experiences in Germany, but the authors argue its relevance for other cases in Europe and worldwide.","PeriodicalId":302697,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Planning and Smart Cities","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132339281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4018/ijupsc.2020070105
E. Marchigiani
Accessibility for all is an inspiring issue for future urban agendas. In European cities, the ageing of urban population and the growth of social and economic disparities call for interdisciplinary reflection and practice on the relations between well-being and inclusion and the organization and upgrading of public facilities. The challenge is to ensure the usability of urban spaces to the largest extent of persons, according to their different capabilities. Based on research developed at the University of Trieste (Italy), and taking the region Friuli Venezia Giulia as its main study context, the article questions a variety of recent urban tools and policies in order to show their level of innovation and the obstacles that still oppose their more effective integration. The aim is to highlight possible fields for public action and the need to rethink planning instruments and technical skills in the frame of a user experience and smart design approach.
{"title":"An Accessible City is a Healthy and People-Centred Smart City","authors":"E. Marchigiani","doi":"10.4018/ijupsc.2020070105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijupsc.2020070105","url":null,"abstract":"Accessibility for all is an inspiring issue for future urban agendas. In European cities, the ageing of urban population and the growth of social and economic disparities call for interdisciplinary reflection and practice on the relations between well-being and inclusion and the organization and upgrading of public facilities. The challenge is to ensure the usability of urban spaces to the largest extent of persons, according to their different capabilities. Based on research developed at the University of Trieste (Italy), and taking the region Friuli Venezia Giulia as its main study context, the article questions a variety of recent urban tools and policies in order to show their level of innovation and the obstacles that still oppose their more effective integration. The aim is to highlight possible fields for public action and the need to rethink planning instruments and technical skills in the frame of a user experience and smart design approach.","PeriodicalId":302697,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Urban Planning and Smart Cities","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114155882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：