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Simplify: Enable Quality, Enable Innovation 简化:保证质量,保证创新
Pub Date : 2004-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2004.1283642
J. Chilton
As the old sales adage goes, “Nothing happens until somebody sells something.” For the semiconductor-based electronics industry, the never-ending challenge is to find and sell the next IC-based new “something” (or “somethings”) that consumers just can’t live without. It’s an immense and extremely expensive undertaking to find/create/deliver a killer app, requiring a single-minded, undistracted business focus and an immense amount of creative design innovation. Fortunately, there is a wealth of business-savvy, creative systems companies able to meet that challenge, as long as they are free to concentrate on what drives their core competency: designing and selling exciting new business systems and consumer devices. What they need from their chip manufacturers is an agreement on specs, models, pricing, and delivery. Simple. Fortunately, there are semiconductor firms up to the challenge, as long as they are free to exercise their core mission: designing and selling faster and slicker chips, often now with software and boards attached. They need to focus on taking their customer’s performance specifications and turning out a system on a chip that does exactly those things, on time and on budget. What they need from their EDA vendors are tightly integrated design tools that allow them to meet their goals of performance, price, and predictability. Simple. Unfortunately, these industries don’t reflect this simplified, rosy picture... yet. The hard reality is, however, that they do have to get there, and soon, or live with dwindling prospects for the future. This presentation will discuss strategies for simplifying the semiconductor value chain, thereby enabling each segment to focus on doing well what it does best, for the sake of the future of the entire electronics industry.
正如一句古老的销售格言所说:“在有人卖出东西之前,什么都不会发生。”对于以半导体为基础的电子行业来说,永无止境的挑战是找到并销售下一个基于ic的新“东西”(或“某些东西”),消费者就是离不开它。寻找/创造/交付一款杀手级应用是一项巨大且极其昂贵的任务,需要一心一意、不受干扰的业务重点和大量的创意设计创新。幸运的是,有大量的商业头脑,有创意的系统公司能够应对这一挑战,只要他们可以自由地专注于推动他们的核心竞争力:设计和销售令人兴奋的新业务系统和消费设备。他们需要芯片制造商就规格、型号、定价和交货达成协议。简单。幸运的是,有一些半导体公司已经准备好迎接挑战,只要他们可以自由地执行他们的核心使命:设计和销售更快、更光滑的芯片,现在通常是附带软件和电路板的。他们需要专注于客户的性能规格,并在时间和预算范围内,在芯片上生产出完全符合这些要求的系统。他们需要EDA供应商提供紧密集成的设计工具,以满足他们在性能、价格和可预测性方面的目标。简单。不幸的是,这些行业并没有反映出这种简单而美好的图景……然而。然而,残酷的现实是,他们必须尽快实现这一目标,否则未来的前景就会越来越渺茫。本演讲将讨论简化半导体价值链的策略,从而使每个部分都能专注于做好自己最擅长的事情,为了整个电子行业的未来。
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引用次数: 0
Performance Limitations of Devices and Interconnects and Possible Alternatives for Nanoelectronics 纳米电子学器件和互连的性能限制和可能的替代方案
Pub Date : 2004-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2004.1283695
K. Saraswat
For over three decades, there has been a quadrupling of transistor density and a doubling of electrical performance every 2 to 3 years. Si transistor technology, in particular CMOS has played a pivotal role in this. It is believed that continued scaling will take the industry down to the 35-nm technology node, at the limit of the ”long-term” range of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). However, it is also well accepted that this long-term range of the 70-nm to 35-nm nodes remains solidly in the “no-known solution” category. The difficulty in scaling the conventional MOSFET makes it prudent to search for alternative device structures. This will require new structural, material and fabrication technology solutions that are generally compatible with current and forecasted installed Semiconductor Manufacturing. In addition, new and revolutionary device concepts need to be discovered and evolved. These can be split into two categories: one is the continued used of silicon FET-type devices but with additional materials, e.g., Ge and innovative structural aspects that deviate from the classical planar/bulk MOSFET, e.g., double gate MOSFET. The second category is a set of potentially entirely different information processing and transmission devices from the transistor as we know it, e.g. silicon-based quantum-effect devices, nano-tube electronics and molecular and organic semiconductor electronics. Continuous scaling of VLSI circuits can pose significant problems for interconnects, especially for those responsible for long distance communication on a high performance chip. Our modeling predicts that the situation is worse than anticipated in the ITRS, which assumes that the resistivity of copper will not change appreciably with scaling in the future. We show that resistance of interconnect wires in light of scaling induced increase in electron surface scattering, fractional cross section area occupied by the high resistivity barrier and realistic interconnect operation temperature will lead to a significant rise in the effective resistivity of Cu. As a result both power and delay of these interconnects is likely to rise significantly in the future. In the light of various metal interconnect limitations, alternate solutions need to be pursued. We focus on two such solutions, optical interconnects and three-dimensional (3-D) ICs with multiplicative Si layers.
三十多年来,晶体管密度翻了两番,电性能每2到3年翻一番。硅晶体管技术,特别是CMOS在这方面发挥了举足轻重的作用。据信,继续扩大规模将使该行业降至35纳米技术节点,这是国际半导体技术路线图(ITRS)“长期”范围的极限。然而,人们也普遍认为,这种70纳米到35纳米节点的长期范围仍然是“未知解决方案”的范畴。传统MOSFET的缩放困难使得寻找替代器件结构变得谨慎。这将需要新的结构、材料和制造技术解决方案,这些解决方案通常与当前和预测的安装半导体制造兼容。此外,新的和革命性的设备概念需要被发现和发展。这些可以分为两类:一类是继续使用硅fet型器件,但使用额外的材料,例如Ge和创新的结构方面,偏离经典的平面/块状MOSFET,例如双栅MOSFET。第二类是一组可能与我们所知的晶体管完全不同的信息处理和传输设备,例如硅基量子效应设备,纳米管电子学以及分子和有机半导体电子学。VLSI电路的持续缩放可能会对互连造成重大问题,特别是对于那些负责在高性能芯片上进行长距离通信的电路。我们的模型预测,这种情况比ITRS中预测的更糟,ITRS假设铜的电阻率在未来不会随着缩放而发生明显变化。我们发现,在结垢的情况下,互连线的电阻会引起电子表面散射的增加,高电阻率势垒所占的截面面积的分数以及实际的互连操作温度将导致Cu的有效电阻率显著升高。因此,这些互连的功率和延迟在未来可能会显著上升。鉴于各种金属互连的限制,需要寻求替代解决方案。我们专注于两种这样的解决方案,光学互连和具有乘法硅层的三维(3-D)集成电路。
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引用次数: 0
Why Nano Technology? Why Now? And What Might Its Impact on Electronics 为什么是纳米技术?为什么是现在?以及它对电子产品的影响
Pub Date : 2004-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2004.1283644
Larry Bock
Nanotechnology is dramatically changing electronics, through the development of nano-enabled systems. These systems incorporate novel nanostructures that integrate functional complexity directly into each individual nanoparticle, enabling the low-cost fabrication of revolutionary high-value, high-performance applications in a broad range of industries from life and physical sciences to information technology and communications to renewable energy to defense. These nanostructures include nanowires, nanorods, nanotetrapods and nanodots formed from all of the industrially important semiconductor materials (Group II-VI, III-V and IV) as their principal active elements. These systems exploit the fundamentally new and unique electronic, optical, magnetic, interface and integration properties associated with materials on the nanometer-scale. The initial applications include exquisitely sensitive chemical and biological sensors, high performance large area macroelectronics and lightweight high efficiency conformal photovoltaics. This talk will describe why now is the right time to focus on nanotechnology and how one company is using these ideas to revolutionize electronics.
通过纳米系统的发展,纳米技术正在极大地改变电子学。这些系统结合了新颖的纳米结构,将功能复杂性直接集成到每个纳米颗粒中,使低成本制造革命性的高价值,高性能应用于从生命和物理科学到信息技术和通信,从可再生能源到国防的广泛行业。这些纳米结构包括纳米线、纳米棒、纳米四足和纳米点,它们是由所有工业上重要的半导体材料(II-VI、III-V和IV族)作为主要活性元素形成的。这些系统在纳米尺度上利用了与材料相关的全新而独特的电子、光学、磁性、界面和集成特性。最初的应用包括精密灵敏的化学和生物传感器,高性能大面积宏观电子学和轻质高效保形光伏。本演讲将描述为什么现在是关注纳米技术的合适时机,以及一家公司如何利用这些想法来彻底改变电子产品。
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引用次数: 0
Designing High Quality, Scaleable SoC??s with Heterogeneous Components 设计高质量、可扩展的SoC?异构组件
Pub Date : 2004-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2004.1283694
P. Paulin
Today’s SoC’s combine an increasingly wide range of heterogenous processing elements, consisting of general purpose RISC’s, DSP’s, application-specific processors, and fixed or configurable hardware. Five to ten processors on an SoC is now common. A bottom-up assembly of these heterogeneous components using an ad-hoc interconnect topology, different instruction sets and embedded S/W development tools leads to unmanageable complexity and low quality. This talk will present an approach to effectively integrate heterogenous parallel components – H/W or S/W – into a homogeneous programming environment. This leads to higher quality designs through encapsulation and abstraction. This approach, supported by ST’s MultiFlex multi-processing SoC tools, allows for the combination of a range of heterogeneous processing elements, supported by high-level programming models. Two programming models are supported: a distributed system object component (DSOC) message passing model, and a symmetrical multi-processing (SMP) model using shared memory. We present the results of mapping an Internet traffic management application, running at 2.5Gb/s. We demonstrate the combined use of the MultiFlex multi-processor compilation tools, supported by high-speed hardware-assisted messaging, context-switching and dynamic task allocation in the StepNP platform.
今天的SoC结合了越来越广泛的异构处理元素,包括通用RISC, DSP,专用处理器以及固定或可配置的硬件。一个SoC上有5到10个处理器现在很常见。这些异构组件的自底向上组装使用特别的互连拓扑、不同的指令集和嵌入式S/W开发工具,导致难以管理的复杂性和低质量。本演讲将介绍一种有效地将异构并行组件(H/W或S/W)集成到同构编程环境中的方法。这将通过封装和抽象导致更高质量的设计。这种方法由意法半导体的MultiFlex多处理SoC工具支持,允许一系列异构处理元素的组合,由高级编程模型支持。它支持两种编程模型:分布式系统对象组件(DSOC)消息传递模型和使用共享内存的对称多处理(SMP)模型。我们展示了一个以2.5Gb/s速度运行的互联网流量管理应用程序的映射结果。我们演示了MultiFlex多处理器编译工具的组合使用,该工具由StepNP平台中的高速硬件辅助消息传递、上下文切换和动态任务分配支持。
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引用次数: 0
New Test Access for High Resolution SD ADC's by Using the Noise Transfer Function Evaluation 基于噪声传递函数评估的高分辨率SD ADC新测试途径
Pub Date : 2004-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2004.1283654
D. Venuto
A new solution to improve the testability of high resolution /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ analogue to digital converters (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/ ADCs) using the quantizer input as a test node is described. Both the theory of the method and results from high level simulations for a 16 bit audio ADC example are presented. The analysis demonstrates the potential to reduce the computation overhead associated with test response analysis versus conventional techniques.
介绍了一种利用量化器输入作为测试节点来提高高分辨率/spl Sigma//spl Delta/模拟数字转换器(/spl Sigma//spl Delta/ adc)可测试性的新解决方案。文中给出了该方法的原理和对一个16位音频ADC实例的高级仿真结果。分析证明了与传统技术相比,减少与测试响应分析相关的计算开销的潜力。
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引用次数: 5
Evening Panel Discussion: DFM PDK's: Where Do They Belong To? Are Process Design Kits (PDKs) the Answer for Modern Design for Manufacturing (DFM) Issues? 晚上小组讨论:DFM PDK的:他们属于哪里?工艺设计套件(PDKs)是现代制造设计(DFM)问题的答案吗?
Pub Date : 2004-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2004.10009
T. Maniwa, P. Chatterjee
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引用次数: 0
Design for Manufacturing? Design for Yield!!! 为制造而设计?为产量而设计!!
Pub Date : 2004-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2004.1283643
M. Levitt
Today’s nanometer-scale designs are two orders-of-magnitude more complex than designs were in the early 1990s and are commonly manufactured with processes at or below the 130nm feature size. This has brought about a fundamental change in the way design teams must approach the release for their design data to their manufacturing partners. In the past, once a design was taped out and proven to be functional, the responsibility for ramping yield and enhancing the profitability of a design was primarily the responsibility of the manufacturing partner. This is no longer possible at 130nm and below. Once a manufacturing process has stabilized, direct action must be taken by each and every design team to “tune” their design for yield. Design-specific yield enhancement is the new frontier in EDA and while it includes the traditional Design for Manufacturing (DFM) technologies, it also covers much more. Failure to consider yield-degrading effects in IR drop, signal integrity, electro migration, and process variation will result is severe downstream problems in timing closure, functional errors during system bring-up, and the inability to achieve silicon yield and quality targets. In this talk Marc Levitt will discuss what is needed in a new generation design-for-yield tool suite to address the quality of silicon at its source.
今天的纳米级设计比20世纪90年代早期的设计复杂了两个数量级,通常采用130纳米或更低特征尺寸的工艺制造。这带来了设计团队必须向其制造合作伙伴发布设计数据的方式的根本变化。在过去,一旦设计完成并被证明是功能性的,提高产量和提高设计盈利能力的责任主要是制造合作伙伴的责任。在130nm及以下的情况下,这是不可能的。一旦制造过程稳定下来,每个设计团队都必须采取直接行动来“调整”他们的设计以达到良率。特定于设计的良率提高是EDA的新前沿,虽然它包括传统的制造设计(DFM)技术,但它还涵盖了更多内容。如果不考虑红外下降、信号完整性、电迁移和工艺变化等产率退化效应,将导致严重的下游问题,如定时关闭、系统启动时的功能错误以及无法实现硅产率和质量目标。在这次演讲中,Marc Levitt将讨论新一代的产量设计工具套件需要什么,以解决硅的源头质量问题。
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引用次数: 2
Digitally Named World: Challenges for New Social Infrastructures 数字命名的世界:新的社会基础设施的挑战
Pub Date : 2004-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2004.1283693
H. Yasuura
introduced in social infrastructures, which are supporting our daily lives. Since the information technologies have progressed very rapidly, the basic structure of each social infrastructure, which was mostly designed in the 19th or the beginning of 20th centuries with few possibility of information technology, should be redesigned with an assumption of the existence of the advanced information technologies. Based on the high-performance SoCs (System-on-a-Chips) connected by wide-band networks, we can design next generation of social systems, which are directly related with quality of our society including individual rights and national security. In this talk, two social infrastructure information technologies are introduced. Personal Identifier (PID) system is an infrastructure for bidirectional mutual authentication, which will be used for electric commerce and governmental services. An RF-ID tag system is also important technology to implement efficient management of products and economic activities. Using PID and RF-ID tags, we can bridge a gap between the real world and the virtual one on computers automatically. We call the society, in which all persons and goods have their own digital names (identifiers) and are recognizable both in the real and virtual world, Digitally Named World. The systems require advanced technologies of SoC, networking, security and software. Here, technical challenges and social requirements for the new technologies are discussed. Some people are afraid of the infringement of their privacy in the digitally named world. Our discussions also include the technology to protect privacy and individual rights as well as efficiency and stability of our society.
引入社会基础设施,支持我们的日常生活。由于信息技术的飞速发展,每一个社会基础设施的基本结构,大多是在19世纪或20世纪初设计的,几乎没有信息技术的可能性,应该重新设计,假设先进的信息技术的存在。以宽带网络连接的高性能soc (System-on-a-Chips)为基础,可以设计与个人权利、国家安全等社会质量直接相关的下一代社会系统。在这次演讲中,介绍了两种社会基础设施信息技术。个人标识符(PID)系统是一种双向相互认证的基础设施,将用于电子商务和政府服务。射频识别标签系统也是实现产品和经济活动高效管理的重要技术。使用PID和RF-ID标签,我们可以在计算机上自动弥合现实世界和虚拟世界之间的鸿沟。我们把所有人和物品都有自己的数字名称(标识符),并且在现实和虚拟世界中都可以识别的社会称为数字命名世界。这些系统需要先进的SoC、网络、安全和软件技术。本文讨论了新技术的技术挑战和社会需求。有些人害怕在数字命名的世界里侵犯他们的隐私。我们的讨论还包括保护隐私和个人权利的技术,以及我们社会的效率和稳定。
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引用次数: 4
Modeling Crosstalk Induced Delay 串扰诱导延迟建模
Pub Date : 2003-03-24 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2003.1194730
Chung-Kuan Tsai, M. Marek-Sadowska
The amplitude of coupled noise is often used in estimating the crosstalk effect. Coupling noise-induced delay measures the impact of crosstalk on circuit performance. Efficient computation of worst case noise-induced delays are essential, because such calculations are performed a huge number of times during timing analysis. In this paper we analyze the problem of crosstalk noise-induced delay in one logic stage. We observe that the popular method of crosstalk delay computation based on superposition of the victim's switching waveform and the noise waveform determined when the victim is quiet, produces an underestimation of delay. To capture the crosstalk noise-induced delay, we introduce the concept of dynamic coupling noise waveform. We propose a method of synthesizing the dynamic noise waveform and using it to estimate the delay change.
耦合噪声的幅值常用于串扰效应的估计。耦合噪声诱发延迟测量串扰对电路性能的影响。有效地计算最坏情况下噪声引起的延迟是必要的,因为这种计算在时序分析中要执行大量次。本文分析了单逻辑级串扰噪声引起的时延问题。我们发现,常用的串扰延迟计算方法是基于被扰人的开关波形和被扰人安静时确定的噪声波形的叠加,这会产生对延迟的低估。为了捕获串扰噪声引起的延迟,我们引入了动态耦合噪声波形的概念。提出了一种合成动态噪声波形并利用其估计时延变化的方法。
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引用次数: 12
Minimizing Inter-Clock Coupling Jitter 最小化时钟间耦合抖动
Pub Date : 2003-03-24 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2003.1194754
Ming-Fu Hsiao, M. Marek-Sadowska, Sao-Jie Chen
Crosstalk noise is a crucial factor affecting chip performance in deep submicron technologies. Among all possible crosstalk noise sources, clock is the most common aggressor as well as victim. Crosstalk on clock nets can increase clock jitter, which may degrade significantly the system performance. Besides, in modern chip designs, there is usually more than one clock net, and some-times even tens of them. It is therefore imperative to design clock topologies to prevent possible crosstalk among them. In this paper, we address the inter-clock crosstalk. We propose algorithms to design clock topology and to perform routing minimizing the effective crosstalk. Our experimental results show a significant reduction of clock jitter compared to the conventional clock tree synthesis which does not take into account the inter-clock crosstalk effects.
在深亚微米技术中,串扰噪声是影响芯片性能的关键因素。在所有可能的串扰噪声源中,时钟是最常见的攻击者,也是最常见的受害者。时钟网络上的串扰会增加时钟抖动,从而严重降低系统性能。此外,在现代芯片设计中,通常有不止一个时钟网,有时甚至有几十个。因此,必须设计时钟拓扑以防止它们之间可能的串扰。本文主要研究时钟间串扰问题。我们提出了设计时钟拓扑和执行路由的算法,使有效串扰最小化。我们的实验结果表明,与不考虑时钟间串扰效应的传统时钟树合成相比,时钟抖动显著减少。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
IEEE International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design
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