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Preparing for a Robot Future? Social Professions, Social Robotics and the Challenges Ahead 为机器人的未来做准备?社会职业、社会机器人和未来的挑战
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.21427/D7472M
Perry Share, J. Pender
There have been significant developments in social robotics in the care sector: in particular, in the fields of elder care and in the care and education of children and young people, especially those with specific disabling conditions such as autism. Within the context of an increased interest in the social and ethical impact of automation and robotics, this paper, based on an overview of relevant literature, addresses some pertinent issues in the field of social robotics, social care and the social professions. It opens by pointing to the increasing application of information technologies in the care field, in areas such as Assistive Technology (AT) and Assistive Learning Technology (ALT). It defines social robotics and provides examples of relevant initiatives, prototypes and products in the care field, including and up to ‘third generation’ social robots. It outlines some of the challenges, in terms of ethics, human-robot relationships, acceptance and user-centred design, social impacts and issues of autonomy and control, and points to concerns about the professional identity of care providers. It identifies the need to respond in terms of educational/CPD supports and regulatory standards, for example in relation to the Irish regulators QQI and Coru. Finally, it suggests some pedagogical approaches to these issues that may be of assistance to educators, CPD practitioners and students within the social professions.
社会机器人技术在护理领域取得了重大发展:特别是在老年人护理领域以及儿童和年轻人的护理和教育领域,特别是那些有特殊残疾状况的人,如自闭症。在对自动化和机器人的社会和伦理影响越来越感兴趣的背景下,本文在概述相关文献的基础上,解决了社会机器人、社会关怀和社会职业领域的一些相关问题。文章开篇指出,信息技术在护理领域的应用越来越广泛,例如辅助技术(AT)和辅助学习技术(ALT)。它定义了社交机器人,并提供了护理领域的相关倡议、原型和产品的例子,包括“第三代”社交机器人。它概述了伦理、人机关系、接受度和以用户为中心的设计、社会影响以及自主和控制问题等方面的一些挑战,并指出了对护理提供者职业身份的担忧。它确定了在教育/CPD支持和监管标准方面做出回应的必要性,例如与爱尔兰监管机构QQI和Coru有关。最后,它提出了一些针对这些问题的教学方法,这些方法可能对教育工作者、CPD从业者和社会专业领域的学生有所帮助。
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引用次数: 35
Child Welfare and Protection Professionals: How Do They Experience Their Work? An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis 儿童福利和保护专业人员:他们如何体验他们的工作?解释性现象学分析
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.21427/D7814J
S. Gorman
Professionals and services which aim to help vulnerable children and adolescents are required to provide care, protection, welfare, and advocacy in a professional manner (Department of Children and Youth Affairs, 2011). This is a sensitive and emotionally charged job that can be very rewarding at the same time as being very stressful (Stalker, Mandell, Frensch, Harvey and Wright, 2007). Consequently, frontline Child Welfare and Protection Professionals (CWPP) are marked by high turnover rates. The declining economic context which led to budget cuts and understaffed offices has increased such risks (Ellett and Millar, 2001; Thoma, 1998; Markiewicz, 1996; Tham, 2007). Therefore, much research has focused on the stressors as well as the protective factors involved in this line of work. Given that each national and international region has its own policies which influence the outcomes and work experiences of CWPPs it is important to gather knowledge and research into each jurisdiction so that situations are properly assessed and addressed. For the Republic of Ireland this research has been less intense, with only a few published papers looking into this matter, albeit with original observations (Burns, 2011; Burns and Christie, 2013). The aim of this qualitative research was to expand the literature surrounding this subject by using semistructured in-depth interviews with twelve CWPPs working within an Irish organisation. The research uses Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to organise and structure meaning into themes that reflect the experiences of the participants with regard to their work. Four super-ordinate themes emerged (Client Relationships, Organisation Support and Variance, Child Welfare System Inadequacies and Job Satisfaction) which unite positive and negative work factors consistent with the literature as well as factors that seem to relate to the local context. Improvements that can be made at the organisational and policy-making level are discussed, as well as possibilities and necessities to further expand on this research through the use of quantitative or mixed method measures.
旨在帮助弱势儿童和青少年的专业人员和服务机构必须以专业的方式提供照顾、保护、福利和宣传(儿童和青年事务部,2011年)。这是一份敏感的、充满情感的工作,在压力很大的同时也可以获得很高的回报(Stalker, Mandell, french, Harvey and Wright, 2007)。因此,前线儿童福利及保护专业人员的流失率很高。经济衰退导致预算削减和人手不足的办公室增加了这种风险(Ellett和Millar, 2001;托马,1998;Markiewicz, 1996;Tham, 2007)。因此,许多研究都集中在这一行工作的压力源和保护因素上。鉴于每个国家和国际地区都有自己的政策,这些政策会影响到污水处理厂的成果和工作经验,因此收集每个司法管辖区的知识和研究是很重要的,以便对情况进行适当的评估和处理。对于爱尔兰共和国来说,这项研究没有那么激烈,只有少数发表的论文研究了这个问题,尽管有原始的观察结果(Burns, 2011;Burns and Christie, 2013)。本定性研究的目的是通过对爱尔兰组织内工作的12个CWPPs进行半结构化深度访谈,扩大围绕这一主题的文献。本研究使用解释性现象学分析将意义组织和结构成反映参与者工作经验的主题。出现了四个超级主题(客户关系,组织支持和变化,儿童福利系统不足和工作满意度),这些主题结合了与文献一致的积极和消极的工作因素以及似乎与当地背景相关的因素。讨论了在组织和决策一级可以作出的改进,以及通过使用定量或混合方法措施进一步扩大这项研究的可能性和必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Emotional Intelligence and the Role of Motivation Within the Context of Career Guidance Counselling for Those Experiencing Unemployment 情绪智力与动机在失业人员职业指导辅导中的作用
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.21427/D7HH82
Patrick F Phillips, Helen Chen
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of emotional intelligence (EI) on motivation, and consequently to address the question of how to help motivate those experiencing unemployment to engage in the job search process by improving their EI. Presently, there is little existing research on the examination of EI and motivation, not to mention a more specific exploration on how EI impacts an individual’s capacity to engage in a sustained job search. In order to examine the motivation component for this paper the BIS/BAS scale developed by Carver and White (1994) was adopted. The BIS (behavioural inhibition system) function causes the individual to have feelings of fear, anxiety, and agitation in the face of possible negative outcomes. Conversely, the BAS (behavioural approach system) function creates feelings of joy, excitement, and elation at the prospect of potential outcomes. Questionnaires were supplied to clients of a government funded organisation (Northside Partnership) which provides support to unemployed clients of the service in north county Dublin, Ireland. The findings demonstrated that the more clients are aware of their own emotions, or the better able they are at managing others emotions, the more likely they are to be motivated by the Behavioural Activation System (BAS). The findings also indicated that the greater awareness clients have of other people’s emotions, the more they are motivated by the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS).
本文的目的是讨论情绪智力(EI)对动机的影响,从而解决如何通过提高他们的EI来帮助激励那些经历失业的人参与求职过程的问题。目前,关于情商和动机的研究很少,更不用说对情商如何影响个人持续求职能力的更具体的探索了。为了检验本文的动机成分,我们采用了Carver和White(1994)开发的BIS/BAS量表。BIS(行为抑制系统)功能使个体在面对可能的负面结果时产生恐惧、焦虑和激动的感觉。相反,BAS(行为方法系统)功能在潜在结果的前景下产生喜悦、兴奋和兴高采烈的感觉。调查问卷提供给客户政府资助的组织(北侧伙伴关系),该组织为爱尔兰都柏林北部县的失业客户提供服务支持。研究结果表明,客户越了解自己的情绪,或者他们管理他人情绪的能力越强,他们就越有可能受到行为激活系统(BAS)的激励。研究结果还表明,客户对他人情绪的意识越强,他们就越容易受到行为抑制系统(BIS)的激励。
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引用次数: 1
Book Review: Powell, F. and Scanlon, M. (2015). Dark Secrets of Childhood: Media Power, Child Abuse and Public Scandals. Bristol: Policy Press. 书评:Powell, F. and Scanlon, M.(2015)。童年的黑暗秘密:媒体权力、虐待儿童和公共丑闻。布里斯托:政策出版社。
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.21427/D70H8D
Colm O'Doherty
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引用次数: 0
“Making People Aware and Taking the Stigma Away”: Alleviating Stigma and Discrimination through Trialogue “让人们意识到并消除耻辱”:通过三方对话减轻耻辱和歧视
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.21427/D7CQ7H
Simon Dunne, L. Macgabhann, M. Amering, Paddy Mcgowan
Mental health stigma and discrimination is a major societal issue. Participatory approaches such as Open Dialogue may be effective in bringing about changes in such stigma and discrimination. Trialogue is an extension of such approaches to three or more sets of stakeholders in mental health systems. The current study explores stakeholders’ evolving discourse concerning mental health stigma and discrimination over time through this approach and whether this approach may alleviate mental health stigma and discrimination. Through a prospective qualitative research design, individuals from seven participating communities throughout Ireland took part in interviews (n=42), focus groups (n=28) or Open Dialogue discussions (n=86) across three cycles of research. Thematic content relating to stigma/discrimination of individuals with mental health issues was purposefully analysed at each cycle using thematic analysis. The findings document the prevalence of avoidant approaches towards individuals with mental illness and their families in Irish society, resulting in negative effects of stigma and discrimination such as lowered levels of self-esteem, lower help-seeking behaviours, difficult interpersonal relations and fewer employment/educational opportunities. Trialogue Meetings evolved into a forum where myths surrounding mental illness were dispelled and more humane views of service users and service providers were established among relevant stakeholders and their social networks. The findings indicate that Trialogue Meetings may go some way to tackling stigma and discrimination through positive social contact, dialogue and education for relevant stakeholders in mental health systems. The findings also elucidate a culture of concealment of mental health issues in Ireland, leading to subsequent stigma and discrimination.
心理健康的耻辱和歧视是一个重大的社会问题。公开对话等参与性办法可能有效地改变这种耻辱和歧视。“三方对话”是将这种方法扩展到精神卫生系统中的三组或更多利益攸关方。本研究通过这种方法探讨了利益相关者关于心理健康耻辱和歧视的演变话语,以及这种方法是否可以减轻心理健康耻辱和歧视。通过前瞻性定性研究设计,来自爱尔兰七个参与社区的个人参加了三个研究周期的访谈(n=42)、焦点小组(n=28)或公开对话讨论(n=86)。在每个周期中,利用专题分析有目的地分析了与有精神健康问题的个人遭受耻辱/歧视有关的专题内容。调查结果表明,在爱尔兰社会中,对精神疾病患者及其家庭的回避态度普遍存在,导致了耻辱和歧视的负面影响,如自尊水平降低,寻求帮助的行为减少,人际关系困难,就业/教育机会减少。三方对话会议发展成为一个论坛,在这里消除了围绕精神疾病的神话,并在相关利益攸关方及其社会网络中建立了对服务使用者和服务提供者更人道的看法。研究结果表明,通过积极的社会接触、对话和对精神卫生系统中相关利益攸关方的教育,三方对话会议可能在一定程度上解决耻辱和歧视问题。调查结果还阐明了爱尔兰隐瞒心理健康问题的文化,导致随后的耻辱和歧视。
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引用次数: 5
Objects, Places and Stories of Transformative Youth Work 变革性青年工作的对象、地点和故事
Pub Date : 2017-05-17 DOI: 10.21427/D7R14W
M. Taylor
If researchers are sympathetic to the view that young people take an active part in creating their histories, they have to be vigilant to not only what young people say, but also to the resources they employ in constructing their narratives. This paper examines the implications of former participants of a youth work organisation unexpectedly employing objects on display in the organisation’s meeting room to tell stories of transformative youth work encounters. These objects were pictures of young people receiving a civic award and candles co-created by young people and youth workers. The paper explores the practical and symbolic functions of these objects in the lives of young people. The paper also considers how a meeting room changes its meaning as a result of youth workers displaying objects linked with young people. Specifically, the meeting room may become a kind of liminal place where young people can reflect on their past, present and future lives. The paper concludes by reflecting on the implications for youth work practice arising from former participants of a youth work programme investing objects on display in a youth work agency’s meeting room with symbolic significance.
如果研究人员赞同年轻人积极参与创造历史的观点,他们不仅要警惕年轻人所说的话,还要警惕他们在构建叙事时使用的资源。本文研究了一个青年工作组织的前参与者意外地使用该组织会议室里展示的物品来讲述变革性青年工作遭遇的故事的影响。这些物品是年轻人获得公民奖的照片,以及年轻人和青年工作者共同创作的蜡烛。本文探讨了这些物品在年轻人生活中的实用和象征功能。该论文还考虑了青年工作者展示与年轻人相关的物品后,会议室是如何改变其含义的。具体来说,会议室可能会成为年轻人反思过去、现在和未来生活的一个临界点。最后,本文反思了青年工作计划的前参与者在青年工作机构会议室投资具有象征意义的物品对青年工作实践的影响。
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引用次数: 1
An Exploration of Irish Teachers' Experiences of Stress 爱尔兰教师压力体验探析
Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.21427/D7M71K
D. E. Buckley, D. Abbott, J. Franey
Only limited research is available on teacher stress in Ireland. This study explores teachers’ individual experiences of stress, the supports they recommend in schools to help them cope with stress and any differences apparent in stress levels based on experience: a) working as a primary or secondary teacher and b) working as a recently qualified or experienced teacher. It utilises interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to do so. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted which suggested that teachers have different interpretations of stress and an influencing factor in teacher stress is the self. The teachers recommended a range of supports to help reduce stress, including support from professionals, collaboration and recreational activities. Although all of the teachers experienced stress to varying degrees, stress levels varied depending on experience, due to a range of different factors. These factors included relationships, lack of control and power, and identity. One recommendation is that educational psychologists collaborate with school staff on the area of stress management.
关于爱尔兰教师压力的研究非常有限。本研究探讨了教师的个人压力经历,他们在学校推荐的帮助他们应对压力的支持,以及基于经验的压力水平的明显差异:a)作为小学或中学教师,b)作为新合格或有经验的教师。它利用解释现象学分析(IPA)来做到这一点。通过10个半结构化访谈,我们发现教师对压力有不同的理解,教师压力的影响因素是自我。老师们推荐了一系列帮助减轻压力的支持,包括专业人士的支持、合作和娱乐活动。尽管所有的教师都经历了不同程度的压力,但由于一系列不同的因素,压力水平因经验而异。这些因素包括人际关系,缺乏控制和权力,以及身份。一项建议是,教育心理学家与学校工作人员在压力管理方面进行合作。
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引用次数: 5
Listening to Identity: Music in 21st century Ireland 聆听身份:21世纪爱尔兰的音乐
Pub Date : 2017-03-27 DOI: 10.21427/D7514M
A. Blake
This paper firstly reviews recent scholarship on music and identity in Ireland. The review detects and discusses a set of issues around the identification of genre and nationality in a country which continues to experience a rapidly changing population structure, against which the mapping of a communal Irishness onto existing categories such as ‘traditional music’ becomes increasingly difficult. Against the grain of this recent scholarship, the paper argues that, in a postmodern and globalised consumer culture, one of the principal locations of music’s affect is through music synchronised to advertising. Having examined the musical content of a number of television advertisements, the paper concludes that the global culture they represent indicates the comparative dis-location of music, identity and Irishness.
本文首先回顾了爱尔兰近年来关于音乐与身份认同的学术研究。这篇综述发现并讨论了一系列关于在一个人口结构持续快速变化的国家识别流派和国籍的问题,在这些问题的影响下,将爱尔兰人的共同身份映射到“传统音乐”等现有类别变得越来越困难。与最近的这项研究相反,该论文认为,在后现代和全球化的消费文化中,音乐影响的主要位置之一是通过与广告同步的音乐。通过对大量电视广告的音乐内容的考察,本文得出结论,它们所代表的全球文化表明了音乐、身份和爱尔兰性的相对错位。
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引用次数: 1
Children and Young People’s Participation in the Community in Ireland: Experiences and Issues 爱尔兰儿童和青年参与社区:经验和问题
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.21427/D7VQ6G
Catherine Forde, Deirdre Horgan, Shirley Martin Dr, A. Parkes
This paper presents the findings of research into children and young people’s experiences of participating in their communities in Ireland. Using a social and relational understanding of participation, the research found that children and young people are engaged in a wide range of activities in their communities. They are however often misunderstood in the community and have limited opportunities for participation in decisions affecting them. Despite these problems, they report positive experiences of participating in youth clubs and organisations, where their participation is supported by adults. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for research, public policy and community.
本文介绍了对爱尔兰儿童和年轻人参与社区活动的研究结果。通过对参与的社会和关系的理解,研究发现儿童和年轻人在他们的社区中参与了广泛的活动。然而,她们在社区中经常受到误解,参与影响她们的决定的机会有限。尽管存在这些问题,他们报告了参加青年俱乐部和组织的积极经历,他们的参与得到了成年人的支持。本文讨论了这些发现对研究、公共政策和社区的影响。
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引用次数: 3
Sexuality in the context of Relationships and Sexuality Education 关系和性教育背景下的性
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.21427/D7GH8R
Margaret Nohilly, Gerard Farrelly
This paper outlines a review of the teaching of Relationships and Sexuality Education (RSE) in Irish primary schools since its inception in 1996 to the present day and provides some insight into current teaching in the area and potential challenges facing schools. It calls for the teaching of RSE as part of the wider context of Social Personal and Health Education (SPHE), to include teaching children from the earliest age possible that there are different types of sexual relationships, including homosexuality. Findings from a research study completed by Farrelly (2014) indicates that there is a reluctance amongst school leaders to allow for teaching children about sexual orientation and the reasons for this are explored.
本文概述了爱尔兰小学关系与性教育(RSE)自1996年成立至今的教学情况,并对该地区目前的教学和学校面临的潜在挑战提供了一些见解。它要求将性取向教育作为更广泛的社会、个人和健康教育的一部分进行教学,包括从尽可能早的年龄开始教育儿童存在不同类型的性关系,包括同性恋。Farrelly(2014)完成的一项研究结果表明,学校领导不愿意教授儿童性取向,并探讨了其原因。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Irish Journal of Applied Social Studies
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