Context: In the last decades, one has the impression that the term sustainable development has evolved towards social responsibility and that the activities carried out by organizations and institutions are very similar. Nevertheless, this paper presents a theoretical discussion of the contribution of social responsibility. The question of this research is: through indicators of general interest and scientific production, it is possible to determine the evolution of sustainable development towards social responsibility? Methodology: Using the non-participatory method of secondary data analysis, secondary data from articles in the Redalyc, WorldCat, Microsoft Academic, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and specialized books on the topics were analyzed. Google Ngram Viewer and Google Trends were used to compare the variations of the indicators of scientific production and interest. Results: Through secondary data analysis, it was possible to establish indicators of general interest and scientific production. A discussion is presented on the evolution of sustainable development towards social responsibility. Conclusions: The results showed that the evolution of sustainable development towards social responsibility was not surpassed over time, except at some moments and in specific geographical locations. Method: Using the non-participatory method of secondary data analysis, secondary data from articles in the Redalyc, WorldCat, Microsoft Academic, Scopus, Web of Science databases and specialized books on the topics were analyzed. The Google Ngram Viewer and Google Trends software were used to compare the variations of the indicators of scientific production and interest. Results: Through secondary data analysis, it was possible to establish indicators of general interest and scientific production. A discussion is presented on the evolution of sustainable development towards social responsibility. Conclusions: The results showed that the evolution of sustainable development towards social responsibility was not overcome through time, except in some moments and geographical places.
背景：在过去几十年中，人们的印象是，可持续发展一词已向社会责任演变，各组织和机构开展的活动非常相似。尽管如此，本文还是对社会责任的贡献进行了理论探讨。这项研究的问题是：通过普遍感兴趣的指标和科学生产，是否有可能确定可持续发展向社会责任的演变？方法：使用二次数据分析的非参与性方法，分析了来自Redalyc、WorldCat、Microsoft Academic、Scopus和Web of Science数据库中的文章以及有关该主题的专业书籍的二次数据。使用谷歌Ngram Viewer和谷歌趋势来比较科学生产和兴趣指标的变化。结果：通过二次数据分析，可以建立普遍感兴趣和科学生产的指标。讨论了可持续发展向社会责任的演变。结论：研究结果表明，可持续发展向社会责任的演变并没有随着时间的推移而被超越，只有在某些时刻和特定的地理位置。方法：采用二次数据分析的非参与式方法，对来自Redalyc、WorldCat、Microsoft Academic、Scopus、Web of Science数据库和相关专业书籍的二次数据进行分析。使用谷歌Ngram Viewer和谷歌趋势软件来比较科学生产和兴趣指标的变化。结果：通过二次数据分析，可以建立普遍感兴趣和科学生产的指标。讨论了可持续发展向社会责任的演变。结论：研究结果表明，可持续发展向社会责任的演变并不是随着时间的推移而克服的，除了在某些时刻和地理位置。
{"title":"From Sustainable Development to Social Responsibility: A perspective of Scientific Production Indicators and General Interest in Spanish","authors":"Jose Gomez-Romero, Rosa-María Rivas-García, Adriana Valencia-Valencia, Hugo-Armando Fragoso-Cano, Omar García-Jiménez, José-Carlos-Alberto Ortíz-Acle","doi":"10.14483/22487638.18113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/22487638.18113","url":null,"abstract":"Context: In the last decades, one has the impression that the term sustainable development has evolved towards social responsibility and that the activities carried out by organizations and institutions are very similar. Nevertheless, this paper presents a theoretical discussion of the contribution of social responsibility. The question of this research is: through indicators of general interest and scientific production, it is possible to determine the evolution of sustainable development towards social responsibility?\u0000Methodology: Using the non-participatory method of secondary data analysis, secondary data from articles in the Redalyc, WorldCat, Microsoft Academic, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and specialized books on the topics were analyzed. Google Ngram Viewer and Google Trends were used to compare the variations of the indicators of scientific production and interest.\u0000Results: Through secondary data analysis, it was possible to establish indicators of general interest and scientific production. A discussion is presented on the evolution of sustainable development towards social responsibility.\u0000Conclusions: The results showed that the evolution of sustainable development towards social responsibility was not surpassed over time, except at some moments and in specific geographical locations.\u0000Method: Using the non-participatory method of secondary data analysis, secondary data from articles in the Redalyc, WorldCat, Microsoft Academic, Scopus, Web of Science databases and specialized books on the topics were analyzed. The Google Ngram Viewer and Google Trends software were used to compare the variations of the indicators of scientific production and interest.\u0000Results: Through secondary data analysis, it was possible to establish indicators of general interest and scientific production. A discussion is presented on the evolution of sustainable development towards social responsibility.\u0000Conclusions: The results showed that the evolution of sustainable development towards social responsibility was not overcome through time, except in some moments and geographical places.","PeriodicalId":30372,"journal":{"name":"Tecnura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48524955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contexto: Las pymes, en general, cumplen un papel muy importante en la economía y en la generación de empleo para Colombia, como país en desarrollo. Particularmente inmersas en este gran conjunto de empresas se encuentran las pymes de consultoría informática, las cuales, dentro de las empresas asociadas al área de tecnologías de información, generaron las mayores ventas del sector para 2015 (Ministerio de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones de Colombia [MinTIC], 2015). Sin embargo, a pesar de su gran representación y crecimiento, uno de los principales factores que inciden en sus problemáticas son los métodos de gestión de proyectos utilizados; de hecho, autores como Silveira y Silva (2015) indican la creciente tendencia y necesidad de la adaptación de marcos ágiles en las empresas. Así mismo, Whitney y Daniels (2013) refuerzan la idea del potencial de la adopción de estas metodologías en proyectos de tecnologías de información (TI), debido a su flexibilidad ante situaciones cambiantes y maleabilidad frente a controles formales. Método: Como metodología se planteó la caracterización y definición de los aspectos críticos comunes sobre los proyectos gestionados del sector de consultoría informática, lo cual permitió continuar con la correlación de los aspectos críticos comunes identificados con marcos ágiles en gerencia de proyectos para así, usando la información obtenida, diseñar un modelo ágil en gerencia de proyectos para pymes de consultoría informática en Bogotá, finalizando con su respectiva validación. Resultados: Se diseñó y valido el modelo para pymes de consultoría informática en Bogotá, sobre un proyecto desarrollado por una de las empresas de la muestra representativa, que cumplía con las características del estudio, sobre el cual se observó un porcentaje de mejora del 77 %, en el tiempo de entrega, del 57 % en la gestión de costo sin afectaciones a su alcance, en cumplimiento con lo requerido por el cliente. Conclusiones: Tomando como base los resultados obtenidos al implementar el modelo desarrollado, se infiere que, al implementar el modelo en los proyectos desarrollados por empresas de consultoría informática en Bogotá (Colombia), pueden llegar a tener resultados satisfactorios en el desarrollo de sus proyectos, en cuanto al tiempo, costo y alcance, pues la validación permitió observar una mejora del 77 % en cuanto a las desviaciones de tiempo y un 57 % respecto a las desviaciones de costo precisando una mínima afectación al cumplimiento de los alcances comprometidos.
{"title":"Modelo en gerencia de proyectos para pymes de consultoría informática en Bogotá, basado en marcos ágiles de trabajo","authors":"Yeraldin Arias Battle, Guillermo Roa Rodríguez","doi":"10.14483/22487638.17094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/22487638.17094","url":null,"abstract":"Contexto: Las pymes, en general, cumplen un papel muy importante en la economía y en la generación de empleo para Colombia, como país en desarrollo. Particularmente inmersas en este gran conjunto de empresas se encuentran las pymes de consultoría informática, las cuales, dentro de las empresas asociadas al área de tecnologías de información, generaron las mayores ventas del sector para 2015 (Ministerio de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones de Colombia [MinTIC], 2015). Sin embargo, a pesar de su gran representación y crecimiento, uno de los principales factores que inciden en sus problemáticas son los métodos de gestión de proyectos utilizados; de hecho, autores como Silveira y Silva (2015) indican la creciente tendencia y necesidad de la adaptación de marcos ágiles en las empresas. Así mismo, Whitney y Daniels (2013) refuerzan la idea del potencial de la adopción de estas metodologías en proyectos de tecnologías de información (TI), debido a su flexibilidad ante situaciones cambiantes y maleabilidad frente a controles formales.\u0000Método: Como metodología se planteó la caracterización y definición de los aspectos críticos comunes sobre los proyectos gestionados del sector de consultoría informática, lo cual permitió continuar con la correlación de los aspectos críticos comunes identificados con marcos ágiles en gerencia de proyectos para así, usando la información obtenida, diseñar un modelo ágil en gerencia de proyectos para pymes de consultoría informática en Bogotá, finalizando con su respectiva validación.\u0000Resultados: Se diseñó y valido el modelo para pymes de consultoría informática en Bogotá, sobre un proyecto desarrollado por una de las empresas de la muestra representativa, que cumplía con las características del estudio, sobre el cual se observó un porcentaje de mejora del 77 %, en el tiempo de entrega, del 57 % en la gestión de costo sin afectaciones a su alcance, en cumplimiento con lo requerido por el cliente.\u0000Conclusiones: Tomando como base los resultados obtenidos al implementar el modelo desarrollado, se infiere que, al implementar el modelo en los proyectos desarrollados por empresas de consultoría informática en Bogotá (Colombia), pueden llegar a tener resultados satisfactorios en el desarrollo de sus proyectos, en cuanto al tiempo, costo y alcance, pues la validación permitió observar una mejora del 77 % en cuanto a las desviaciones de tiempo y un 57 % respecto a las desviaciones de costo precisando una mínima afectación al cumplimiento de los alcances comprometidos.","PeriodicalId":30372,"journal":{"name":"Tecnura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42966387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contexto: La presente investigación se relaciona con el número de publicaciones y citaciones en ciencia computacional en Suramérica en los últimos veinte años. La medición de la producción científica es de gran impacto a fin de evaluar la producción de un país, al igual que los grupos de investigación, autores y centros universitarios entre otros aspectos. Método: La investigación se clasifica en descriptiva comparativa de tipo longitudinal. La información se recopiló de la plataforma SCImago Journal & Country Rank, donde las variables evaluadas corresponden a los diferentes temas relacionados con el área de la ciencia computacional. El procesamiento estadístico de la información se realizó por medio de la técnica de clúster, análisis multivariado de la varianza (Manova), análisis Biplot por el método procrustes, complementado con la técnica no paramétrica de Spearman. Se empleó el paquete estadístico SAS University. Resultados: Brasil se diferencia estadísticamente respecto a las demás naciones del Cono Sur, en lo concerniente a la difusión científica en el área de las ciencias de la computación. Existe una relación directamente proporcional entre los diferentes temas evaluados; la mayor correlación entre naciones se dio entre Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Venezuela. Conclusiones: Brasil es el país de Suramérica con el mayor número de publicaciones y citaciones en las diferentes áreas de la ciencia de la computación, seguido de Argentina, Colombia y Chile, donde ciencias computacionales aplicadas tienen mayor impacto y la interacción persona ordenador es la de menor representación.
{"title":"Evaluación del número de publicaciones en ciencias de la computación en Suramérica en un periodo de veinte años","authors":"Luis Fernando Restrepo Betancur","doi":"10.14483/22487638.17080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/22487638.17080","url":null,"abstract":"Contexto: La presente investigación se relaciona con el número de publicaciones y citaciones en ciencia computacional en Suramérica en los últimos veinte años. La medición de la producción científica es de gran impacto a fin de evaluar la producción de un país, al igual que los grupos de investigación, autores y centros universitarios entre otros aspectos.\u0000Método: La investigación se clasifica en descriptiva comparativa de tipo longitudinal. La información se recopiló de la plataforma SCImago Journal & Country Rank, donde las variables evaluadas corresponden a los diferentes temas relacionados con el área de la ciencia computacional. El procesamiento estadístico de la información se realizó por medio de la técnica de clúster, análisis multivariado de la varianza (Manova), análisis Biplot por el método procrustes, complementado con la técnica no paramétrica de Spearman. Se empleó el paquete estadístico SAS University.\u0000Resultados: Brasil se diferencia estadísticamente respecto a las demás naciones del Cono Sur, en lo concerniente a la difusión científica en el área de las ciencias de la computación. Existe una relación directamente proporcional entre los diferentes temas evaluados; la mayor correlación entre naciones se dio entre Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Venezuela.\u0000Conclusiones: Brasil es el país de Suramérica con el mayor número de publicaciones y citaciones en las diferentes áreas de la ciencia de la computación, seguido de Argentina, Colombia y Chile, donde ciencias computacionales aplicadas tienen mayor impacto y la interacción persona ordenador es la de menor representación.","PeriodicalId":30372,"journal":{"name":"Tecnura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44265283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Camilo Eraso Guerrero, Elena Muñoz España, Mariela Muñoz Añasco
Context: In recent years, the recognition of human activities has become an area of constant exploration in different fields. This article presents a literature review focused on the different types of human activities and information acquisition devices for the recognition of activities. It also delves into elderly fall detection via computer vision using feature extraction methods and artificial intelligence techniques. Methodology: This manuscript was elaborated following the criteria of the document review and analysis methodology (RAD), dividing the research process into the heuristics and hermeneutics of the information sources. Finally, 102 research works were referenced, which made it possible to provide information on current state of the recognition of human activities. Results: The analysis of the proposed techniques for the recognition of human activities shows the importance of efficient fall detection. Although it is true that, at present, positive results are obtained with the techniques described in this article, their study environments are controlled, which does not contribute to the real advancement of research. Conclusions: It would be of great impact to present the results of studies in environments similar to reality, which is why it is essential to focus research on the development of databases with real falls of adults or in uncontrolled environments.
{"title":"Human Activity Recognition via Feature Extraction and Artificial Intelligence Techniques: A Review","authors":"José Camilo Eraso Guerrero, Elena Muñoz España, Mariela Muñoz Añasco","doi":"10.14483/22487638.17413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/22487638.17413","url":null,"abstract":"Context: In recent years, the recognition of human activities has become an area of constant exploration in different fields. This article presents a literature review focused on the different types of human activities and information acquisition devices for the recognition of activities. It also delves into elderly fall detection via computer vision using feature extraction methods and artificial intelligence techniques.\u0000Methodology: This manuscript was elaborated following the criteria of the document review and analysis methodology (RAD), dividing the research process into the heuristics and hermeneutics of the information sources. Finally, 102 research works were referenced, which made it possible to provide information on current state of the recognition of human activities.\u0000Results: The analysis of the proposed techniques for the recognition of human activities shows the importance of efficient fall detection. Although it is true that, at present, positive results are obtained with the techniques described in this article, their study environments are controlled, which does not contribute to the real advancement of research.\u0000Conclusions: It would be of great impact to present the results of studies in environments similar to reality, which is why it is essential to focus research on the development of databases with real falls of adults or in uncontrolled environments.","PeriodicalId":30372,"journal":{"name":"Tecnura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44421625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandra Martínez Peñaloza, G. Osma-Pinto, G. Ordóñez-Plata
Context: Studies carried out in low voltage networks have explored the modeling of linear single-phase loads (such as motors) and non-linear ones (such as those based on power electronics). However, induction motors exhibit non-linear characteristics between voltage and current due to the saturation of their magnetic parts. Therefore, it is necessary to study induction motors in the frequency domain with a model that allows reviewing the characteristic nonlinearity of their voltage-current interaction. Methodology: This article presents the frequency domain modeling of a single-phase induction motor used as a silent air extractor (127 V, 60 Hz, 66 W), which presents a capacitive behavior (fp = 0,93 in leading) and harmonic distortion due to a third-order component (7,0%) when fed with a pure sinusoidal voltage of 127 V. Results: This work establishes the parameters of two approaches to the Norton equivalent model (coupled and decoupled admittance matrix) which are used to estimate the distorted current signal and the values of consumed active and non-active power. The results show comparisons errors of P, Q, THDi, and NRMSE indices of less than 7, 4, 14, and 3%, respectively. Conclusions: The parameters of the Norton equivalent model estimated for the single-phase induction motor allow calculating the current signal with a high degree of precision. This signal exhibits nonlinear characteristics and a capacitive behavior due to the permanent presence of a capacitor aiding the start and operation of the engine.
{"title":"Parameter Determination of Coupled and Decoupled Admittance Matrix Methods of the Norton Equivalent Model for an Air Extractor","authors":"Alejandra Martínez Peñaloza, G. Osma-Pinto, G. Ordóñez-Plata","doi":"10.14483/22487638.18806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/22487638.18806","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Studies carried out in low voltage networks have explored the modeling of linear single-phase loads (such as motors) and non-linear ones (such as those based on power electronics). However, induction motors exhibit non-linear characteristics between voltage and current due to the saturation of their magnetic parts. Therefore, it is necessary to study induction motors in the frequency domain with a model that allows reviewing the characteristic nonlinearity of their voltage-current interaction.\u0000Methodology: This article presents the frequency domain modeling of a single-phase induction motor used as a silent air extractor (127 V, 60 Hz, 66 W), which presents a capacitive behavior (fp = 0,93 in leading) and harmonic distortion due to a third-order component (7,0%) when fed with a pure sinusoidal voltage of 127 V.\u0000Results: This work establishes the parameters of two approaches to the Norton equivalent model (coupled and decoupled admittance matrix) which are used to estimate the distorted current signal and the values of consumed active and non-active power. The results show comparisons errors of P, Q, THDi, and NRMSE indices of less than 7, 4, 14, and 3%, respectively.\u0000Conclusions: The parameters of the Norton equivalent model estimated for the single-phase induction motor allow calculating the current signal with a high degree of precision. This signal exhibits nonlinear characteristics and a capacitive behavior due to the permanent presence of a capacitor aiding the start and operation of the engine.","PeriodicalId":30372,"journal":{"name":"Tecnura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45892206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oscar Danilo Montoya Giraldo, Karen Julieth Bohórquez-Bautista, Daniel Alejandro Moreno-Arias, W. Gil-González
Objective: This article presents an analysis of different optimization methodologies, which aims to make an objective comparison between metaheuristic and convex optimization methods in distribution networks, focusing on the inclusion of distributed generation (DG). The MATLAB software is used as a tool for implementation and obtaining results. The objective was to determine the optimal size of the DGs to be integrated into the networks, with the purpose of reducing the active power losses (objective function). Methodology: Based on the specialized literature, the methodologies are selected, and the bases and conditions for the implementation of the optimization techniques are determined. In the case of second-order cone programming (SOCP), the relaxation of the nonlinear optimal power flow (OPF) problem is performed in order to use convex optimization. Then, the structures of each technique are established and applied in the MATLAB software. Due to the iterative nature of metaheuristic methods, the data corresponding to 100 compilations for each algorithm are collected. Finally, by means of a statistical analysis, the optimal solutions for the objective function in each methodology are determined, and, with these results, the different methods applied to the networks are compared. Results: By analyzing 33- and 69-node systems, it is demonstrated that metaheuristic methods are able to effectively size DGs in distribution systems and yield good results that are similar and comparable to SOCP regarding the OPF problem. Genetic algorithms (GA) showed the best results for the studied implementation, even surpassing the SOCP. Conclusions: Metaheuristic methods proved to be algorithms with a high computational efficiency and are suitable for real-time applications if implemented in distribution systems with well-defined conditions. These techniques provide innovative ideas because they are not rigid algorithms, which makes them very versatile methods that can be adapted to any combinatorial optimization problem and software, yielding results even at the convex optimization level.
{"title":"Comparative Methods for Solving Optimal Power Flow in Distribution Networks Considering Distributed Generators: Metaheuristics vs. Convex Optimization","authors":"Oscar Danilo Montoya Giraldo, Karen Julieth Bohórquez-Bautista, Daniel Alejandro Moreno-Arias, W. Gil-González","doi":"10.14483/22487638.18342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/22487638.18342","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This article presents an analysis of different optimization methodologies, which aims to make an objective comparison between metaheuristic and convex optimization methods in distribution networks, focusing on the inclusion of distributed generation (DG). The MATLAB software is used as a tool for implementation and obtaining results. The objective was to determine the optimal size of the DGs to be integrated into the networks, with the purpose of reducing the active power losses (objective function).\u0000Methodology: Based on the specialized literature, the methodologies are selected, and the bases and conditions for the implementation of the optimization techniques are determined. In the case of second-order cone programming (SOCP), the relaxation of the nonlinear optimal power flow (OPF) problem is performed in order to use convex optimization. Then, the structures of each technique are established and applied in the MATLAB software. Due to the iterative nature of metaheuristic methods, the data corresponding to 100 compilations for each algorithm are collected. Finally, by means of a statistical analysis, the optimal solutions for the objective function in each methodology are determined, and, with these results, the different methods applied to the networks are compared.\u0000Results: By analyzing 33- and 69-node systems, it is demonstrated that metaheuristic methods are able to effectively size DGs in distribution systems and yield good results that are similar and comparable to SOCP regarding the OPF problem. Genetic algorithms (GA) showed the best results for the studied implementation, even surpassing the SOCP.\u0000Conclusions: Metaheuristic methods proved to be algorithms with a high computational efficiency and are suitable for real-time applications if implemented in distribution systems with well-defined conditions. These techniques provide innovative ideas because they are not rigid algorithms, which makes them very versatile methods that can be adapted to any combinatorial optimization problem and software, yielding results even at the convex optimization level.","PeriodicalId":30372,"journal":{"name":"Tecnura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46683640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objetivo: Realizar la clasificación y el mapeo de parámetros de balanceo corporal a partir de datos de posturografía estática para diferenciar individuos amputados transtibiales unilaterales de no amputados utilizando técnicas de aprendizaje automático y minería de datos. Metodología: El balanceo corporal se midió en 74 individuos, 37 amputados por mina antipersonal y 37 controles sanos. Se clasificó la estabilidad según el grupo haciendo uso de aprendizaje automático. Se desarrolló un mapa bidimensional continuo de las alteraciones de la postura utilizando la teoría de la información de Shannon, la prueba de U Mann-Whitney(p<0.05) fue usada con el fin de identificar diferencias entre grupos. Resultados: Se entrenaron cinco algoritmos de aprendizaje automático, un árbol de decisión, reglas de decisión, una red neuronal, una máquina de soporte vectorial y el clúster. La validación y la comparación se llevaron a cabo con las métricas obtenidas a partir de la matriz de confusión, utilizando validación cruzada para obtener dos subconjuntos. La condición de postura más discriminativa se clasificó como desplazamiento del centro de presión (CoP) lado no amputado dirección antero-posterior. El algoritmo de mayor desempeño fue la máquina de soporte vectorial y el de menor desempeño el clúster, sin embargo, todos los modelos realizaron clasificación de grupos con una puntuación F1 mayor a 0,4. Conclusiones: El mapeo de las características del desplazamiento del balanceo en el espacio 2D reveló agrupaciones claras entre amputados y controles, lo cual confirma que el aprendizaje automático puede ayudar en la clasificación de patrones de balanceo clínico medidos con posturografía estática. Los modelos computacionales permiten evaluar de forma objetiva la estabilidad, así como reconocer el aporte de contralateral en el control de la postura bípeda estática ya que compensa la no existencia de los aferentes y eferentes de ipsilateral. Financiamiento: Artículo de investigación científica derivado del proyecto de investigación “Caracterización de la Estabilidad en Amputados Transtibiales Unilaterales”, financiado por la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia.
摘要目的:利用机器学习和数据挖掘技术，对静态体位图数据进行身体平衡参数的分类和映射，以区分单侧经胫骨截肢者和非截肢者。方法:对74名受试者、37名被杀伤地雷截肢者和37名健康对照组进行身体平衡测量。使用机器学习对稳定性进行分组分类。利用Shannon信息理论建立了姿势变化的连续二维图，并使用U Mann-Whitney检验(p<0.05)来识别组间的差异。结果:训练了5种机器学习算法、1棵决策树、1条决策规则、1个神经网络、1个向量支持机和集群。对从混淆矩阵中获得的指标进行了验证和比较，使用交叉验证得到两个子集。最具鉴别性的姿势条件为压力中心位移(CoP)未截肢侧前后方向。性能最高的算法是向量支持机算法，性能最低的算法是集群算法，但所有模型都对F1评分大于0.4的组进行分类。结论:二维空间中平衡位移特征的映射显示了截肢者和对照组之间的清晰分组，证实了机器学习可以帮助用静态姿势图测量临床平衡模式的分类。计算模型允许客观评估稳定性，并识别对侧在静态两足姿势控制中的贡献，因为它补偿了同侧传入和传出的不存在。资助:来自“单侧经胫骨截肢者稳定性特征”研究项目的科学研究文章，由Francisco jose de Caldas地区大学资助，bogota，哥伦比亚。
{"title":"Modelos computacionales en la posturografía","authors":"L. Luengas, Luis Felipe Wanumen Silva","doi":"10.14483/22487638.18060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/22487638.18060","url":null,"abstract":"Objetivo: Realizar la clasificación y el mapeo de parámetros de balanceo corporal a partir de datos de posturografía estática para diferenciar individuos amputados transtibiales unilaterales de no amputados utilizando técnicas de aprendizaje automático y minería de datos. \u0000Metodología: El balanceo corporal se midió en 74 individuos, 37 amputados por mina antipersonal y 37 controles sanos. Se clasificó la estabilidad según el grupo haciendo uso de aprendizaje automático. Se desarrolló un mapa bidimensional continuo de las alteraciones de la postura utilizando la teoría de la información de Shannon, la prueba de U Mann-Whitney(p<0.05) fue usada con el fin de identificar diferencias entre grupos. \u0000Resultados: Se entrenaron cinco algoritmos de aprendizaje automático, un árbol de decisión, reglas de decisión, una red neuronal, una máquina de soporte vectorial y el clúster. La validación y la comparación se llevaron a cabo con las métricas obtenidas a partir de la matriz de confusión, utilizando validación cruzada para obtener dos subconjuntos. La condición de postura más discriminativa se clasificó como desplazamiento del centro de presión (CoP) lado no amputado dirección antero-posterior. El algoritmo de mayor desempeño fue la máquina de soporte vectorial y el de menor desempeño el clúster, sin embargo, todos los modelos realizaron clasificación de grupos con una puntuación F1 mayor a 0,4. \u0000Conclusiones: El mapeo de las características del desplazamiento del balanceo en el espacio 2D reveló agrupaciones claras entre amputados y controles, lo cual confirma que el aprendizaje automático puede ayudar en la clasificación de patrones de balanceo clínico medidos con posturografía estática. Los modelos computacionales permiten evaluar de forma objetiva la estabilidad, así como reconocer el aporte de contralateral en el control de la postura bípeda estática ya que compensa la no existencia de los aferentes y eferentes de ipsilateral. \u0000Financiamiento: Artículo de investigación científica derivado del proyecto de investigación “Caracterización de la Estabilidad en Amputados Transtibiales Unilaterales”, financiado por la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia.","PeriodicalId":30372,"journal":{"name":"Tecnura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41594076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: Given the increasing population concentration, both the proximity of the town of Madrid to the city of Bogotá and the growing metropolitan area around the latter have a significant influence on the increased urbanization and the change in land use in the town of Madrid, Cundinamarca. Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out a multitemporal analysis of the change in coverage and land use caused by urban expansion in the municipality of Madrid between 1977 and 2020. Methodology: Satellite images were observed through supervised classification, following the Corine Land Cover methodology, which was adapted for the Colombian context, and utilizing geographic information systems. Area variation analyses were performed for each classification in each of the evaluated years. Results: The data obtained show that the forest cover area and seminatural zones have been reduced by 86% in a period of 43 years, and that artificial territories have progressively become predominant in each of the years, even reaching a coverage greater than 50% of the municipality area. The agricultural territories have maintained 66,95% of the surface of the municipality, and they correspond the land use with the largest occupied area for the evaluated period, which shows the importance of the soil for the economic development of the population. Conclusions: This situation shows that population growth and urban expansion cause variations in coverage and land uses. Their valuation is an aspect that must be considered when elaborating development plans for municipal entities.
{"title":"Multitemporal Analysis of Urban Expansion in the Municipality of Madrid, Cundinamarca, between 1977 and 2020","authors":"C. A. García, María Fernanda Culma Tamara","doi":"10.14483/22487638.19385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/22487638.19385","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Given the increasing population concentration, both the proximity of the town of Madrid to the city of Bogotá and the growing metropolitan area around the latter have a significant influence on the increased urbanization and the change in land use in the town of Madrid, Cundinamarca.\u0000Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out a multitemporal analysis of the change in coverage and land use caused by urban expansion in the municipality of Madrid between 1977 and 2020. \u0000Methodology: Satellite images were observed through supervised classification, following the Corine Land Cover methodology, which was adapted for the Colombian context, and utilizing geographic information systems. Area variation analyses were performed for each classification in each of the evaluated years.\u0000Results: The data obtained show that the forest cover area and seminatural zones have been reduced by 86% in a period of 43 years, and that artificial territories have progressively become predominant in each of the years, even reaching a coverage greater than 50% of the municipality area. The agricultural territories have maintained 66,95% of the surface of the municipality, and they correspond the land use with the largest occupied area for the evaluated period, which shows the importance of the soil for the economic development of the population.\u0000Conclusions: This situation shows that population growth and urban expansion cause variations in coverage and land uses. Their valuation is an aspect that must be considered when elaborating development plans for municipal entities.","PeriodicalId":30372,"journal":{"name":"Tecnura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41346623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Herrera-Rubio, Ángelo Joseph Soto-Vergel, Darwin Orlando Cardozo-Sarmiento
Contexto: Las líneas de transmisión son estructuras construidas de material uniforme, dispuestas como un arreglo de pares de conductores o semiconductores, que guían las ondas electromagnéticas que transportan la energía de radiofrecuencia entre un dispositivo emisor y otro receptor. Su importancia en las comunicaciones radica en el conocimiento de sus parámetros fundamentales, para lo cual se requiere de equipos de medida especializados e instrumentos de laboratorio que proporcionen información para tomar decisiones de importancia en el acople de tecnologías en los sistemas de transmisión de datos. Objetivo: Explicar el funcionamiento de un sistema de medición de parámetros de líneas de transmisión como propuesta de bajo costo y automatizada para su caracterización, implementado mediante sistemas embebidos. Metodología: Para ello, se creó e implementó una arquitectura de hardware y software, con el uso de entradas análogas para medir tanto la atenuación e interrupciones digitales y temporizadas, como el retardo entre las ondas incidente y transmitida. Con estos datos se calculó la impedancia característica, constante de atenuación, constante de fase, velocidad de propagación, resistencia, conductancia, capacitancia e inductancia, mediante ecuaciones experimentales. Se realizaron cuatro experimentos utilizando 305 metros de cable coaxial; se comprobaron los datos obtenidos con los teóricos del fabricante, los cuales se validaron con medidas de equipos de instrumentación electrónica especializados, como el generador de funciones y el osciloscopio digital, con el objetivo de conocer el error de la herramienta diseñada frente a instrumentos avanzados. Resultados: Se construyó un dispositivo que calcula los parámetros básicos de una línea de transmisión con un error entre 3 % y 9 % en las mediciones. Conclusiones: La herramienta desarrollada entrega resultados cercanos a los valores teóricos y, al compararse con los instrumentos (osciloscopio digital y generador de funciones), mide de forma exacta la impedancia característica; presenta un error porcentual del 3,7 % cuando mide la constante de fase; y registra un error porcentual menor del 9 % cuando calcula constante de atenuación, retardo, velocidad de propagación, resistencia, conductancia, capacitancia e inductancia. Esto determina que el error máximo de las mediciones es 8,98 %, y así se demuestra que el dispositivo desarrollado es adecuado para la medición de los parámetros de las líneas de transmisión. Financiamiento: Universidad de Pamplona.
{"title":"Medición de parámetros en líneas de transmisión con sistemas embebidos","authors":"J. Herrera-Rubio, Ángelo Joseph Soto-Vergel, Darwin Orlando Cardozo-Sarmiento","doi":"10.14483/22487638.18131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/22487638.18131","url":null,"abstract":"Contexto: Las líneas de transmisión son estructuras construidas de material uniforme, dispuestas como un arreglo de pares de conductores o semiconductores, que guían las ondas electromagnéticas que transportan la energía de radiofrecuencia entre un dispositivo emisor y otro receptor. Su importancia en las comunicaciones radica en el conocimiento de sus parámetros fundamentales, para lo cual se requiere de equipos de medida especializados e instrumentos de laboratorio que proporcionen información para tomar decisiones de importancia en el acople de tecnologías en los sistemas de transmisión de datos.\u0000Objetivo: Explicar el funcionamiento de un sistema de medición de parámetros de líneas de transmisión como propuesta de bajo costo y automatizada para su caracterización, implementado mediante sistemas embebidos.\u0000Metodología: Para ello, se creó e implementó una arquitectura de hardware y software, con el uso de entradas análogas para medir tanto la atenuación e interrupciones digitales y temporizadas, como el retardo entre las ondas incidente y transmitida. Con estos datos se calculó la impedancia característica, constante de atenuación, constante de fase, velocidad de propagación, resistencia, conductancia, capacitancia e inductancia, mediante ecuaciones experimentales. Se realizaron cuatro experimentos utilizando 305 metros de cable coaxial; se comprobaron los datos obtenidos con los teóricos del fabricante, los cuales se validaron con medidas de equipos de instrumentación electrónica especializados, como el generador de funciones y el osciloscopio digital, con el objetivo de conocer el error de la herramienta diseñada frente a instrumentos avanzados.\u0000Resultados: Se construyó un dispositivo que calcula los parámetros básicos de una línea de transmisión con un error entre 3 % y 9 % en las mediciones.\u0000Conclusiones: La herramienta desarrollada entrega resultados cercanos a los valores teóricos y, al compararse con los instrumentos (osciloscopio digital y generador de funciones), mide de forma exacta la impedancia característica; presenta un error porcentual del 3,7 % cuando mide la constante de fase; y registra un error porcentual menor del 9 % cuando calcula constante de atenuación, retardo, velocidad de propagación, resistencia, conductancia, capacitancia e inductancia. Esto determina que el error máximo de las mediciones es 8,98 %, y así se demuestra que el dispositivo desarrollado es adecuado para la medición de los parámetros de las líneas de transmisión.\u0000Financiamiento: Universidad de Pamplona.","PeriodicalId":30372,"journal":{"name":"Tecnura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48586891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: The magnetic properties of rocks may reflect the modal abundance, composition, and microstructure of the magnetic grains contained within them, usually in a very small proportion. Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) is a non-destructive technique applied to magnetic materials, and it is very sensitive to microstructure and residual stresses. In this work, measurements of MBN in samples of rocks extracted from nature and containing varying proportions of magnetite were studied and analyzed. Method: Measurements were taken by magnetically exciting the cylindrical samples, using a magnetic yoke and measuring the induced field inside the rock as a consequence of the excitation. For the detection, a sensor coil placed on the excited surface on one of the flat faces of each cylinder was used. The signals obtained from the MBN were digitized, and a digital 5-200 kHz Butterworth filter was applied, calculating the root mean square (RMS) values. Results: The linear fit of the MBN RMS values with the increasing percentage of ferromagnetic minerals showed an increasing trend with a moderate correlation. A correlation between coercive force and the MBN RMS values was observed only for samples with abundant magnetite (> 25 vol%). Conclusions: An increasing variation of the RMS values of the MBN signals was observed in relation with coercive force for abundant magnetite samples. This may be related to the geological processes involved in magnetite genesis. Method: The measurements were made exciting magnetically the samples (cylindrical shapes), using a magnetic yoke and measuring the induced field inside the rock as a result of the excitation. For the detection, a sensor coil placed on the excited surface on one of the flat faces of each cylinder was used. The signals obtained from MBN were digitized. A digital 5-200 kHz Butterworth filter was applied and the RMS (Root Mean Square) values were calculated. Results: The linear fit of the MBN RMS values with the increasing percentage of ferromagnetic minerals showed an increasing trend with moderate correlation. A correlation between coercive force and MBN RMS was observed only for samples with abundant magnetite (> 25 vol%). Conclusions: A variation of the RMS values of the MBN signals was observed in relation with coercive force for massive magnetite samples. This can be related to geological processes involved in magnetite genesis. Keywords: Rocks, Magnetization, Barkhausen Magnetic Noise, Non-Destructive Test.
{"title":"Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Measurements on Rocks","authors":"Miriam Rocío Neyra Astudillo, María Isabel López-Pumarega, Silvana Evangelina-Geuna, Martín Gómez","doi":"10.14483/22487638.17148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/22487638.17148","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The magnetic properties of rocks may reflect the modal abundance, composition, and microstructure of the magnetic grains contained within them, usually in a very small proportion. Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) is a non-destructive technique applied to magnetic materials, and it is very sensitive to microstructure and residual stresses. In this work, measurements of MBN in samples of rocks extracted from nature and containing varying proportions of magnetite were studied and analyzed.\u0000Method: Measurements were taken by magnetically exciting the cylindrical samples, using a magnetic yoke and measuring the induced field inside the rock as a consequence of the excitation. For the detection, a sensor coil placed on the excited surface on one of the flat faces of each cylinder was used. The signals obtained from the MBN were digitized, and a digital 5-200 kHz Butterworth filter was applied, calculating the root mean square (RMS) values.\u0000Results: The linear fit of the MBN RMS values with the increasing percentage of ferromagnetic minerals showed an increasing trend with a moderate correlation. A correlation between coercive force and the MBN RMS values was observed only for samples with abundant magnetite (> 25 vol%).\u0000Conclusions: An increasing variation of the RMS values of the MBN signals was observed in relation with coercive force for abundant magnetite samples. This may be related to the geological processes involved in magnetite genesis.\u0000Method: The measurements were made exciting magnetically the samples (cylindrical shapes), using a magnetic yoke and measuring the induced field inside the rock as a result of the excitation. For the detection, a sensor coil placed on the excited surface on one of the flat faces of each cylinder was used. The signals obtained from MBN were digitized. A digital 5-200 kHz Butterworth filter was applied and the RMS (Root Mean Square) values were calculated.\u0000Results: The linear fit of the MBN RMS values with the increasing percentage of ferromagnetic minerals showed an increasing trend with moderate correlation. A correlation between coercive force and MBN RMS was observed only for samples with abundant magnetite (> 25 vol%).\u0000Conclusions: A variation of the RMS values of the MBN signals was observed in relation with coercive force for massive magnetite samples. This can be related to geological processes involved in magnetite genesis.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: Rocks, Magnetization, Barkhausen Magnetic Noise, Non-Destructive Test.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":30372,"journal":{"name":"Tecnura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42086928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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