Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2019.1-04
The foreign trade of a state represents a determinant in assessing its economic statute among the neighbours and in the whole world. Actuality of the studied topic is determined by the changing trade relations that the Republic of Moldova is passing through in the last years. Republic of Moldova holds the necessary criteria for becoming a competitive country in the region in terms of the manufactured and marketed goods. The aim of the study is to evaluate the foreign trade of the Republic of Moldova, by emphasizing the main traded groups of products, trade partners as well as to analyze the average price index and physical volume index of imports and exports. The paper also comes with an analysis of re-export and re-import, which represent a peculiarity for our country’s trade pattern. Research methods that have been used within the paper are the following: analogy, systemic approach, statistical and scientific analysis, Laspeyres index method. The obtained results focus on the recovery of the foreign trade between 2015 and 2017 with higher revival rates of exports, and a growing reorientation of exports towards the European Union and other countries markets.
{"title":"MOLDOVAN EXTERNAL TRADE WITH EU, CIS AND OTHER COUNTRIES: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES","authors":"","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2019.1-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2019.1-04","url":null,"abstract":"The foreign trade of a state represents a determinant in assessing its economic statute among the neighbours and in the whole world. Actuality of the studied topic is determined by the changing trade relations that the Republic of Moldova is passing through in the last years. Republic of Moldova holds the necessary criteria for becoming a competitive country in the region in terms of the manufactured and marketed goods. The aim of the study is to evaluate the foreign trade of the Republic of Moldova, by emphasizing the main traded groups of products, trade partners as well as to analyze the average price index and physical volume index of imports and exports. The paper also comes with an analysis of re-export and re-import, which represent a peculiarity for our country’s trade pattern. Research methods that have been used within the paper are the following: analogy, systemic approach, statistical and scientific analysis, Laspeyres index method. The obtained results focus on the recovery of the foreign trade between 2015 and 2017 with higher revival rates of exports, and a growing reorientation of exports towards the European Union and other countries markets.","PeriodicalId":30515,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84296949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.36004/nuer.es.2019.1-11
This paper explores the incidence and individual determinants of smoking and alcohol drinking with a high prevalence among young people in Moldova. It goes beyond epidemiological approach and descriptive analysis and provides a sociological explanation for these risk-taking behaviours by linking them to local social context in which young people inhabit. The study is based on secondary data analysis of National Youth Survey of Moldova among 14-29 aged population (1112 respondents) carried out in 2016, commissioned by the EU-OECD Youth nclusion project and Ministry of Education, Culture and Research of the Republic of Moldova. Data were processed in SPSS. Multivariate analysis, adjusting for demographic co-variates was performed using logistic regression. The results of this study show that rates of male smoking and alcohol drinking are high, while rates in women are far lower. According to multivariate data analysis, gender and age are strong individual determinants for both health-risk practices. As well, another important predictor for these behaviors is young people’s educational level – those with lower education level were particularly likely to smoke and drink alcohol. The study revealed also a strong interrelation between these health-risk practices. In paper is argued that high prevalence of smoking and drinking in male may reflect a normative structure for male socializing. Taking into consideration that strongest predictor variable overall is male gender, and strong relationship between heavy drinking and smoking, these behavioral factors might be responsible for the increasing in premature deaths among males in middle ag
{"title":"SOCIAL PATTERNS OF SMOKING AND ALCOHOL DRINKING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE IN MOLDOVA","authors":"","doi":"10.36004/nuer.es.2019.1-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nuer.es.2019.1-11","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the incidence and individual determinants of smoking and alcohol drinking with a high prevalence among young people in Moldova. It goes beyond epidemiological approach and descriptive analysis and provides a sociological explanation for these risk-taking behaviours by linking them to local social context in which young people inhabit. The study is based on secondary data analysis of National Youth Survey of Moldova among 14-29 aged population (1112 respondents) carried out in 2016, commissioned by the EU-OECD Youth nclusion project and Ministry of Education, Culture and Research of the Republic of Moldova. Data were processed in SPSS. Multivariate analysis, adjusting for demographic co-variates was performed using logistic regression. The results of this study show that rates of male smoking and alcohol drinking are high, while rates in women are far lower. According to multivariate data analysis, gender and age are strong individual determinants for both health-risk practices. As well, another important predictor for these behaviors is young people’s educational level – those with lower education level were particularly likely to smoke and drink alcohol. The study revealed also a strong interrelation between these health-risk practices. In paper is argued that high prevalence of smoking and drinking in male may reflect a normative structure for male socializing. Taking into consideration that strongest predictor variable overall is male gender, and strong relationship between heavy drinking and smoking, these behavioral factors might be responsible for the increasing in premature deaths among males in middle ag","PeriodicalId":30515,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Sociology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73642713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2019.1-03
The main goal of this article is to present an overview of the input-output models which have been applied to Moldovan economy development study. We examined: static input-output model, dynamic input-output model restricted by limited energy resources, and the Markov chain approach based on the input-output tables. All these models have been examined using statistic data referring to the input-output table, constructed on the base of aggregated branches of the Moldovan economy. Static and dynamic optimization models were formulated, simulation calculation was done and analysed. Input-output table balancing problem was solved using RAS method. For dynamic model matrix of the investment coefficients was constructed. The emphasis was putt on the problem of applying the theory of Markov chain for examination of the 19 and 16 branches in the framework of the input-output model for Republic of Moldova. A square exchange matrix of order has been constructed. Every branch was considered as one of the states of the Markov chain with states. We introduced a new -th absorption state so that the examined matrix became of the order . The obtained transition matrix – probabilities matrix has been used for forecasting
{"title":"EXPERIENCE OF THE INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS APPLICATION TO THE MOLDOVAN ECONOMY","authors":"","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2019.1-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2019.1-03","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this article is to present an overview of the input-output models which have been applied to Moldovan economy development study. We examined: static input-output model, dynamic input-output model restricted by limited energy resources, and the Markov chain approach based on the input-output tables. \u0000All these models have been examined using statistic data referring to the input-output table, constructed on the base of aggregated branches of the Moldovan economy. Static and dynamic optimization models were formulated, simulation calculation was done and analysed. Input-output table balancing problem was solved using RAS method. For dynamic model matrix of the investment coefficients was constructed. The emphasis was putt on the problem of applying the theory of Markov chain for examination of the 19 and 16 branches in the framework of the input-output model for Republic of Moldova. A square exchange matrix of order has been constructed. Every branch was considered as one of the states of the Markov chain with states. We introduced a new -th absorption state so that the examined matrix became of the order . The obtained transition matrix – probabilities matrix has been used for forecasting","PeriodicalId":30515,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Sociology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80869048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2019.1-06
Fruit growing has become an area of great interest for economic agents. Recently, it has been more difficult for the businesses to enter the market, which requires differentiation in management activity. In this sense, formulating the role of performance management in terms of consumer behaviour becomes a trampoline for effective management actions. This is more evident in fruit growing. In the scientific literature, it is given a minor attention, as evidenced by the low degree of research in the field of efficient management and of the sustainable development of fruit growing. Under these circumstances, the need to study the performance management as a basic tool in the sustainable development of fruit growing of the Republic of Moldova is more than adequate. Thus, the main objective of this article is the conceptual approach of advanced management - as a basic tool in the sustainable development of fruit growing. The informative basis of the investigation consisted of the consulted bibliographic sources, on the basis of which the author presented his own visions. The main research methods used were: monographic method, analysis, scientific observation, comparison, induction, deduction, explanation and interpretation. The obtained results highlighted: defining the notion of performance management, identifying its characteristics, specific functions and basic levers; value chain determination methodology and the impact of the developed value chain on the process of identifying export markets for Moldovan fruit.
{"title":"PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT - A BASIC INSTRUMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF POMICULTURE","authors":"","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2019.1-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2019.1-06","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit growing has become an area of great interest for economic agents. Recently, it has been more difficult for the businesses to enter the market, which requires differentiation in management activity. In this sense, formulating the role of performance management in terms of consumer behaviour becomes a trampoline for effective management actions. This is more evident in fruit growing. In the scientific literature, it is given a minor attention, as evidenced by the low degree of research in the field of efficient management and of the sustainable development of fruit growing. Under these circumstances, the need to study the performance management as a basic tool in the sustainable development of fruit growing of the Republic of Moldova is more than adequate. Thus, the main objective of this article is the conceptual approach of advanced management - as a basic tool in the sustainable development of fruit growing. The informative basis of the investigation consisted of the consulted bibliographic sources, on the basis of which the author presented his own visions. The main research methods used were: monographic method, analysis, scientific observation, comparison, induction, deduction, explanation and interpretation. The obtained results highlighted: defining the notion of performance management, identifying its characteristics, specific functions and basic levers; value chain determination methodology and the impact of the developed value chain on the process of identifying export markets for Moldovan fruit.","PeriodicalId":30515,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Sociology","volume":"653 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76839900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2019.1-01
In the Republic of Moldova, young people who intend to initiate or develop their business are one of the targeted support groups within the framework of the state policy. The article analyzes various aspects of engaging young people in entrepreneurial activity: a brief assessment of statistical indicators is given; support measures for young entrepreneurs, implemented by the Moldovan government and proposed by international/foreign organizations are outlined; features of young entrepreneurs and self-employed are revealed. Emphasis is placed on young graduates of Vocational Education and Training (VET) institutions. The main results and conclusions are largely based on a survey of graduates of vocational education and training institutions who have already set up their business or are self-employed. The survey had been implemented during 2016-2017 with the active participation of the authors. The results of the study showed that young people are interested in entrepreneurship and learning the basics of entrepreneurship has a significant motivating influence on the initiation of their business and self-employment. Often, the business of the young is unregistered and is being combined with employment. Only one third of the respondents know about organizations that can provide them with various forms of support. One of the conclusions of the study presents that positive changes can be achieved much faster by combining the efforts of different stakeholders, in this case – the government, educational institutions, non-profit organizations and external donors.
{"title":"INVOLVEMENT IN BUSINESS OF YOUNG GRADUATES OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING INSTITUTIONS: THE CASE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA","authors":"","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2019.1-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2019.1-01","url":null,"abstract":"In the Republic of Moldova, young people who intend to initiate or develop their business are one of the targeted support groups within the framework of the state policy. The article analyzes various aspects of engaging young people in entrepreneurial activity: a brief assessment of statistical indicators is given; support measures for young entrepreneurs, implemented by the Moldovan government and proposed by international/foreign organizations are outlined; features of young entrepreneurs and self-employed are revealed. Emphasis is placed on young graduates of Vocational Education and Training (VET) institutions. The main results and conclusions are largely based on a survey of graduates of vocational education and training institutions who have already set up their business or are self-employed. The survey had been implemented during 2016-2017 with the active participation of the authors. The results of the study showed that young people are interested in entrepreneurship and learning the basics of entrepreneurship has a significant motivating influence on the initiation of their business and self-employment. Often, the business of the young is unregistered and is being combined with employment. Only one third of the respondents know about organizations that can provide them with various forms of support. One of the conclusions of the study presents that positive changes can be achieved much faster by combining the efforts of different stakeholders, in this case – the government, educational institutions, non-profit organizations and external donors.","PeriodicalId":30515,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Sociology","volume":"22 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78022112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2019.1-10
The aim of this study is clustering of administrative-territorial units of Ukraine on the basis of value orientations and the electoral choice of the population of these units. The k-means method is used. Creation of macroregions basing on the political orientations of the population is quite widespread, but such approaches have a number of limitations, primarily due to the fact that the list of political leaders or political parties can change significantly in rather short periods of time and because of difficulties with using of several political parties/leaders simultaneously in the analysis. The «value» in this article is defined within Schwartz's theory as desirable goals that go beyond specific situations, differ in importance from each other and are guiding principles in human life. The analysis uses the ten Schwartz's values, which are grouped into four dimensions: «Conservation», «Self-Enhancement», «Self-Transcendence» and «Openness to Change». The data set for this study is combination of two sources of data – sample survey and electoral statistics. Thus, the data set in this study is formed by a combination of the results of the Ukrainian vote in the Parliamentary elections in 2012 and sample survey – European Social Survey – the latest wave of which was held in Ukraine in 2012. The European Social Survey is the most actual source of data on the value orientations of Ukrainians which is in free access. After 2012 this study in Ukraine was no longer conducted. The main result of this study is the creation of clusters of administrative-territorial units based on the similarity of the results of voting and value orientations of population in these units. The first cluster includes administrative-territorial units, where population has more expressed values of Self-transcendence than in Ukraine as a whole. In the second cluster there are units where population has more expressed values of Self-enhancement and Openness to change. The third cluster is characterized by more expressive values of Self-transcendence and Conservation. Except of different levels of expression values, clusters differ by the level of support of political parties that participated in Parliamentary elections. This approach allows evaluate the received cluster structure in dynamics, use in analysis results of national and local elections in different years. Also it makes clustering space two-dimensional, which enables not only to discover similar administrative-territorial units, but also, for example, to identify groups of parties whose supporters share similar values. Although the article uses data from 2012, the successful application of this approach to the clustering of administrative-territorial units opens up the ways for such clustering on more recent data.
本研究的目的是根据价值取向和这些单位的人口的选举选择对乌克兰的行政领土单位进行聚类。使用k-means方法。根据人口的政治倾向建立宏观区域的做法相当普遍，但这种做法有一些局限性，主要是因为政治领导人或政党的名单可以在相当短的时间内发生重大变化，也因为在分析中同时使用几个政党/领导人有困难。本文中的“价值”在施瓦茨的理论中被定义为超越特定情况的理想目标，彼此的重要性不同，并且是人类生活的指导原则。该分析使用了施瓦茨的十个价值观，将其分为四个维度:“保护”、“自我提升”、“自我超越”和“开放变革”。本研究的数据集是抽样调查和选举统计两种数据来源的结合。因此，本研究的数据集是由2012年乌克兰议会选举的投票结果和2012年在乌克兰举行的最新一波抽样调查——欧洲社会调查(European Social survey)——相结合而形成的。欧洲社会调查是关于乌克兰人价值取向的最实际的数据来源，它是免费获取的。2012年之后，乌克兰的这项研究不再进行。本研究的主要结果是基于这些单位的投票结果和人口价值取向的相似性，创建了行政领土单位集群。第一个集群包括行政领土单位，那里的人口比整个乌克兰更能表达自我超越的价值观。在第二个集群中，人口更多地表达了自我提升和对变化开放的价值观。第三个群体的特点是自我超越和保守的表达价值。除了表达价值水平不同外，参与议会选举的政党的支持程度也不同。这种方法可以评估收到的动态集群结构，用于分析不同年份的国家和地方选举结果。此外，它使集群空间成为二维的，这不仅可以发现相似的行政领土单位，而且还可以识别支持者拥有相似价值观的政党团体。尽管本文使用的是2012年的数据，但将这种方法成功应用于行政领土单位的聚类，为在更近期的数据上进行此类聚类开辟了道路。
{"title":"CLUSTERING OF UKRAINIAN REGIONS BASED ON VALUE ORIENTATIONS AND POLITICAL CHOICE OF THE POPULATIONS: METHODOLOGICAL RATIONALE AND ANALYSIS USING COMBINING DATA SOURCES","authors":"","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2019.1-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2019.1-10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is clustering of administrative-territorial units of Ukraine on the basis of value orientations and the electoral choice of the population of these units. The k-means method is used. Creation of macroregions basing on the political orientations of the population is quite widespread, but such approaches have a number of limitations, primarily due to the fact that the list of political leaders or political parties can change significantly in rather short periods of time and because of difficulties with using of several political parties/leaders simultaneously in the analysis. \u0000The «value» in this article is defined within Schwartz's theory as desirable goals that go beyond specific situations, differ in importance from each other and are guiding principles in human life. The analysis uses the ten Schwartz's values, which are grouped into four dimensions: «Conservation», «Self-Enhancement», «Self-Transcendence» and «Openness to Change». The data set for this study is combination of two sources of data – sample survey and electoral statistics. Thus, the data set in this study is formed by a combination of the results of the Ukrainian vote in the Parliamentary elections in 2012 and sample survey – European Social Survey – the latest wave of which was held in Ukraine in 2012. The European Social Survey is the most actual source of data on the value orientations of Ukrainians which is in free access. After 2012 this study in Ukraine was no longer conducted.\u0000The main result of this study is the creation of clusters of administrative-territorial units based on the similarity of the results of voting and value orientations of population in these units. The first cluster includes administrative-territorial units, where population has more expressed values of Self-transcendence than in Ukraine as a whole. In the second cluster there are units where population has more expressed values of Self-enhancement and Openness to change. The third cluster is characterized by more expressive values of Self-transcendence and Conservation. Except of different levels of expression values, clusters differ by the level of support of political parties that participated in Parliamentary elections. \u0000This approach allows evaluate the received cluster structure in dynamics, use in analysis results of national and local elections in different years. Also it makes clustering space two-dimensional, which enables not only to discover similar administrative-territorial units, but also, for example, to identify groups of parties whose supporters share similar values. Although the article uses data from 2012, the successful application of this approach to the clustering of administrative-territorial units opens up the ways for such clustering on more recent data.","PeriodicalId":30515,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Sociology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85755662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY 2019 NO. 1","authors":"","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2019.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2019.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30515,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Sociology","volume":"214 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76978660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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