Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-09
Anatol Melega
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is essential for the global economy, especially for developing and emerging countries, which are dependent on these financial resources. Governments compete to attract foreign investors by offering tax incentives, strong regulatory frameworks and flexible environmental regulations. While some countries relax environmental regulations to attract FDI, others implement stricter measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect the environment. The aim of this article is to present a thorough and up-to-date review of the literature that has focused on the analysis of the correlation between FDI and environmental regulations. The bibliometric analysis focuses on the main concepts that elucidate the relationship between environmental regulations and SDI, highlighting current trends and theories. This research is crucial for understanding the influence of environmental regulation on FDI and its effects on economic development and environmental conservation worldwide. According to the literature, the pollution haven theory has received substantial support, indicating that nations with permissive regulations attract more foreign direct investment due to lower business costs. The literature indicates strong support for the pollution haven theory, suggesting that countries with relaxed regulations attract more FDI due to lower business costs. The results of this study could help inform the development of environmental policies and strategies to attract foreign investment and address climate change and environmental degradation. At the same time, this research provides valuable information for researchers as it highlights the main research niches that need to be addressed and analysed.
{"title":"The impact of environmental regulations on foreign direct investment: a literature review","authors":"Anatol Melega","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-09","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign direct investment (FDI) is essential for the global economy, especially for developing and emerging countries, which are dependent on these financial resources. Governments compete to attract foreign investors by offering tax incentives, strong regulatory frameworks and flexible environmental regulations. While some countries relax environmental regulations to attract FDI, others implement stricter measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect the environment. The aim of this article is to present a thorough and up-to-date review of the literature that has focused on the analysis of the correlation between FDI and environmental regulations. The bibliometric analysis focuses on the main concepts that elucidate the relationship between environmental regulations and SDI, highlighting current trends and theories. This research is crucial for understanding the influence of environmental regulation on FDI and its effects on economic development and environmental conservation worldwide. According to the literature, the pollution haven theory has received substantial support, indicating that nations with permissive regulations attract more foreign direct investment due to lower business costs. The literature indicates strong support for the pollution haven theory, suggesting that countries with relaxed regulations attract more FDI due to lower business costs. The results of this study could help inform the development of environmental policies and strategies to attract foreign investment and address climate change and environmental degradation. At the same time, this research provides valuable information for researchers as it highlights the main research niches that need to be addressed and analysed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":30515,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Sociology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75641915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-11
Olga Gagauz
{"title":"Review of the monograph “Mortality trends by causes of death in the Republic of Moldova, 1965-2020”","authors":"Olga Gagauz","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30515,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Sociology","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83256684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-04
Cristina Copaceanu, Silvia Mazare
It is well known that the projects financed by the European Union generate effects on the entities that implement them, on the interested factors, but also on the regions where they are implemented. These projects aim to develop the regions and achieve the sustainable development. Taking into account a large number of investments initiated through projects at the level of the European Union, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of these projects, respectively, the analysis of the effects created to control whether or not the proposed objectives are achieved. So, in this article, the authors highlighted the main difficulties faced by rural projects, the impact factors in the implementation of projects financed from European funds, and the ways of increasing the impact of European funds from the perspective of rural development. The relevance of the research consists in identifying the impact factors and problems specific to rural areas in Romania and submitting proposals to increase the impact of European funds (based on the Neamt County case study). The research aims to determine the best ways and solutions to increase the impact of European funds from the perspective of rural development. Therefore, the results of the research, especially of the conducted survey, allowed us to conclude that increasing the impact of European funds on rural development can occur through the implementation and use of vernacular expertise, which is also a new element of the study.
{"title":"Increase the impact of European funds on Romanian rural development through vernacular expertise","authors":"Cristina Copaceanu, Silvia Mazare","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-04","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that the projects financed by the European Union generate effects on the entities that implement them, on the interested factors, but also on the regions where they are implemented. These projects aim to develop the regions and achieve the sustainable development. Taking into account a large number of investments initiated through projects at the level of the European Union, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of these projects, respectively, the analysis of the effects created to control whether or not the proposed objectives are achieved. So, in this article, the authors highlighted the main difficulties faced by rural projects, the impact factors in the implementation of projects financed from European funds, and the ways of increasing the impact of European funds from the perspective of rural development. The relevance of the research consists in identifying the impact factors and problems specific to rural areas in Romania and submitting proposals to increase the impact of European funds (based on the Neamt County case study). The research aims to determine the best ways and solutions to increase the impact of European funds from the perspective of rural development. Therefore, the results of the research, especially of the conducted survey, allowed us to conclude that increasing the impact of European funds on rural development can occur through the implementation and use of vernacular expertise, which is also a new element of the study.\u0000","PeriodicalId":30515,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Sociology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82253520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-08
Siarhei Holubeu, Vadzim Suhak, A. Avsyuk, Jianbo Chen
The article discusses the institutional foundations of mutually beneficial Belarusian-Chinese tourism cooperation. The research aims to explore the state, problems, and prospects for the development of the tourism industry in China and Belarus and to develop proposals for the development of tourism export services to China. The authors examine the structure of the tourism industry in Belarus and China, the inductive prerequisites for the development of the tourism sector of the two countries, as well as global trends in the field of tourism related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Special attention was paid to developing promising types of tourism in Belarus and China, such as "red," rural, folklore, digital, and “winter” tourism. The case of the Republic of Belarus, which may be helpful for Central and Eastern Europe countries, illustrates the possible directions for the growth of tourism export services to China, thanks to the optimisation of measures to prevent and control COVID-19. This optimisation contributed to the cross-border movement of Chinese citizens and opened up opportunities to attract Chinese tourists to the Belarusian market and the markets of Central and Eastern Europe. We have emphasised that for Belarus, achieving significant results in the development of the export of tourist services to China involves solving some essential tasks: conducting large-scale and ongoing advertising and informational campaigns to increase the awareness of foreign audiences about tourism products and recognition of the country as an attractive tourist destination; development and implementation of an incentive system for tour operators from China; performance of activities to adapt the service in hotels, airports, train stations, restaurants, museums to the individual characteristics and specific needs of tourists from China; improving the tax-free system to increase the interest of citizens from China in visiting Belarus.
{"title":"Export of tourist services of Belarus to China","authors":"Siarhei Holubeu, Vadzim Suhak, A. Avsyuk, Jianbo Chen","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-08","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the institutional foundations of mutually beneficial Belarusian-Chinese tourism cooperation. The research aims to explore the state, problems, and prospects for the development of the tourism industry in China and Belarus and to develop proposals for the development of tourism export services to China. The authors examine the structure of the tourism industry in Belarus and China, the inductive prerequisites for the development of the tourism sector of the two countries, as well as global trends in the field of tourism related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Special attention was paid to developing promising types of tourism in Belarus and China, such as \"red,\" rural, folklore, digital, and “winter” tourism. The case of the Republic of Belarus, which may be helpful for Central and Eastern Europe countries, illustrates the possible directions for the growth of tourism export services to China, thanks to the optimisation of measures to prevent and control COVID-19. This optimisation contributed to the cross-border movement of Chinese citizens and opened up opportunities to attract Chinese tourists to the Belarusian market and the markets of Central and Eastern Europe. We have emphasised that for Belarus, achieving significant results in the development of the export of tourist services to China involves solving some essential tasks: conducting large-scale and ongoing advertising and informational campaigns to increase the awareness of foreign audiences about tourism products and recognition of the country as an attractive tourist destination; development and implementation of an incentive system for tour operators from China; performance of activities to adapt the service in hotels, airports, train stations, restaurants, museums to the individual characteristics and specific needs of tourists from China; improving the tax-free system to increase the interest of citizens from China in visiting Belarus.\u0000","PeriodicalId":30515,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Sociology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74856986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-05
I. Pahomii
The study aims to highlight changes in mortality during the Covid-19 pandemic in Moldova. Two sources of data were used: the National Bureau of Statistics database for overall mortality and mortality by major and specific causes of death and the Ministry of Health for Covid-19 deaths. The primary analysis methods applied in the research were direct mortality standardization and the decomposition of the difference in life expectancy. The results show that the Covid-19 pandemic caused a substantial increase in the number of deaths, which lead to a significant decrease in life expectancy in both sexes. The results emphasize an increase in mortality due to diseases of the cardiovascular system and diseases of the respiratory system. The more detailed analysis of the major causes of death increased during the pandemic period showed an increase in mortality due to coronary atherosclerosis and acute pneumonia, contrary to the trends existing in the pre-pandemic period. It is important to note that mortality due to Covid-19 was higher than major leading causes of death before the pandemic period. The decomposition of changes in life expectancy between the years 2021 and 2019 by age shows quite similar age profiles between sexes, indicating the pandemic's direct and indirect impact on the dynamic of mortality. The effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on mortality, but also on the health of the population, is much more complex, requiring further research to identify prompt and effective responses.
{"title":"Changes in mortality during the Covid-19 pandemic in Moldova","authors":"I. Pahomii","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-05","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to highlight changes in mortality during the Covid-19 pandemic in Moldova. Two sources of data were used: the National Bureau of Statistics database for overall mortality and mortality by major and specific causes of death and the Ministry of Health for Covid-19 deaths. The primary analysis methods applied in the research were direct mortality standardization and the decomposition of the difference in life expectancy. The results show that the Covid-19 pandemic caused a substantial increase in the number of deaths, which lead to a significant decrease in life expectancy in both sexes. The results emphasize an increase in mortality due to diseases of the cardiovascular system and diseases of the respiratory system. The more detailed analysis of the major causes of death increased during the pandemic period showed an increase in mortality due to coronary atherosclerosis and acute pneumonia, contrary to the trends existing in the pre-pandemic period. It is important to note that mortality due to Covid-19 was higher than major leading causes of death before the pandemic period. The decomposition of changes in life expectancy between the years 2021 and 2019 by age shows quite similar age profiles between sexes, indicating the pandemic's direct and indirect impact on the dynamic of mortality. The effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on mortality, but also on the health of the population, is much more complex, requiring further research to identify prompt and effective responses.\u0000","PeriodicalId":30515,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Sociology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75086625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-03
Rebecca Rosenberg, K. Bietsch, E. Sonneveldt
Statistical analysis on the topic of infertility issues in Moldova will improve understanding of infertility causes and treatment-seeking. Data for this research come from the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS), which was conducted in 2020 in Moldova. The GGS covers topics related to fertility behavior, intention to have children, infertility disease and treatment, and other issues. Statistical analysis includes crosstabulations, and bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Approximately 12% of the sampled population ages 15-49 have had trouble conceiving in 12 months, and about 9% of the population indicates they are either definitely or probably not able have a/another baby. Reports of infertility are highest among women aged 40 and over, and secondary infertility appears to be more prevalent than primary infertility. Most individuals reporting infertility have no diagnosed cause for their infertility and almost three-quarters of the population who said they are definitely or probably not able to have a baby have done “nothing” to treat their infertility. Results indicate that individuals in the sample favor delayed and/or spaced childbearing, which may result in fertility challenges as they attempt to achieve their desired fertility later in life. The high prevalence of undiagnosed infertility may be the result of a lack of interest in having more children, or lack of information or access to infertility services. This research also revealed an absence of treatment-seeking behavior which may also be due to social, physical or financial barriers.
{"title":"Infertiltiy in Moldova: evidence from the generations and gender survey","authors":"Rebecca Rosenberg, K. Bietsch, E. Sonneveldt","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-03","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical analysis on the topic of infertility issues in Moldova will improve understanding of infertility causes and treatment-seeking. Data for this research come from the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS), which was conducted in 2020 in Moldova. The GGS covers topics related to fertility behavior, intention to have children, infertility disease and treatment, and other issues. Statistical analysis includes crosstabulations, and bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Approximately 12% of the sampled population ages 15-49 have had trouble conceiving in 12 months, and about 9% of the population indicates they are either definitely or probably not able have a/another baby. Reports of infertility are highest among women aged 40 and over, and secondary infertility appears to be more prevalent than primary infertility. Most individuals reporting infertility have no diagnosed cause for their infertility and almost three-quarters of the population who said they are definitely or probably not able to have a baby have done “nothing” to treat their infertility. Results indicate that individuals in the sample favor delayed and/or spaced childbearing, which may result in fertility challenges as they attempt to achieve their desired fertility later in life. The high prevalence of undiagnosed infertility may be the result of a lack of interest in having more children, or lack of information or access to infertility services. This research also revealed an absence of treatment-seeking behavior which may also be due to social, physical or financial barriers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":30515,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Sociology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87847350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-10
Victoria Ciubotaru
The present study aims to analyze infertile married couples’ demographic and social characteristics to understand the need for policy interventions to prevent, diagnose, and treat infertility in Moldova. The study provides information about couples facing the problem of infertility, its causes and risk factors. The study is based on the analysis of medical documentation from the files submitted by infertile couples, during 2017-2021, to the Commission for the Evaluation of Insured Couples. In addition to the documentary analysis, the individual interviews were followed during the Commission meetings with the 244 couples whose files submitted met all the conditions stipulated in the normative acts of the Ministry of Health. The study results showed that the primary beneficiaries of in vitro fertilization are people aged 30-39 who live in urban areas, usually in the capital city of Chisinau. Married couples from rural areas are less likely to use specialized services, which is associated with their low level of information and the low financial availability of this service for rural residents. Among the main infertility factors, the tubal factor was detected, which determined more than half of the cases of infertility among the studied couples. Based on the research, some policy recommendations are formulated, such as improving the information system and databases, increasing access to services and the quality of the services offered, and introducing measures to prevent infertility.
{"title":"The socio-demographic profile of infertile couples and causes of infertility in Moldova: the case study","authors":"Victoria Ciubotaru","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-10","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to analyze infertile married couples’ demographic and social characteristics to understand the need for policy interventions to prevent, diagnose, and treat infertility in Moldova. The study provides information about couples facing the problem of infertility, its causes and risk factors. The study is based on the analysis of medical documentation from the files submitted by infertile couples, during 2017-2021, to the Commission for the Evaluation of Insured Couples. In addition to the documentary analysis, the individual interviews were followed during the Commission meetings with the 244 couples whose files submitted met all the conditions stipulated in the normative acts of the Ministry of Health. The study results showed that the primary beneficiaries of in vitro fertilization are people aged 30-39 who live in urban areas, usually in the capital city of Chisinau. Married couples from rural areas are less likely to use specialized services, which is associated with their low level of information and the low financial availability of this service for rural residents. Among the main infertility factors, the tubal factor was detected, which determined more than half of the cases of infertility among the studied couples. Based on the research, some policy recommendations are formulated, such as improving the information system and databases, increasing access to services and the quality of the services offered, and introducing measures to prevent infertility.\u0000","PeriodicalId":30515,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Sociology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73063145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-02
A. Fala
Moldova is going through a phase of intense demographic changes and is facing two major challenges: population decline and ageing, which significantly influence economic growth opportunities. The economic burden increase on the working-age population is one of the main concerns associated with demographic ageing. In this context, studying the impact of demographic changes on economic dynamics is of interest to academia and policymakers. Relatively new theoretical approaches −the first and the second demographic dividend concepts and the "economic life cycle" theory were used. The papers of foreign and domestic scientists acted as the theoretical information base of the study.This article presents the results of a study evaluating the demographic dividend for Moldova based on National Transfer Accounts and the demographic forecast for 2022-2040. The scientific papers of foreign and Moldovan researchers were used as the theoretical and informational basis for this study. To determine the demographic dividends, the methodology proposed by Mason and Lee was used; the calculations of demographic coefficients, the assessment of the age structure and its dynamics, and the formation of demographic dividends were carried out. The results of the study showed that Moldova still needs to catch the first demographic dividend. In the next two decades, the number of producers will decrease faster than the number of consumers. Favourable market changes in the demographic structure are practically exhausted, and Moldova is entering a period of depopulation. The evolution of the demographic dividend in Moldova is in line with regional trends. However, with an active policy to increase the population's economic activity and improve living standards, there is an opportunity to reap the benefits created by the second demographic dividend. In addition, it is necessary to diversify the investment opportunities for savings, which would contribute to the accumulation of assets and indirectly increase the fixed capital..
{"title":"The first and second demographic dividends in Moldova","authors":"A. Fala","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-02","url":null,"abstract":"Moldova is going through a phase of intense demographic changes and is facing two major challenges: population decline and ageing, which significantly influence economic growth opportunities. The economic burden increase on the working-age population is one of the main concerns associated with demographic ageing. In this context, studying the impact of demographic changes on economic dynamics is of interest to academia and policymakers. Relatively new theoretical approaches −the first and the second demographic dividend concepts and the \"economic life cycle\" theory were used. The papers of foreign and domestic scientists acted as the theoretical information base of the study.This article presents the results of a study evaluating the demographic dividend for Moldova based on National Transfer Accounts and the demographic forecast for 2022-2040. The scientific papers of foreign and Moldovan researchers were used as the theoretical and informational basis for this study. To determine the demographic dividends, the methodology proposed by Mason and Lee was used; the calculations of demographic coefficients, the assessment of the age structure and its dynamics, and the formation of demographic dividends were carried out. The results of the study showed that Moldova still needs to catch the first demographic dividend. In the next two decades, the number of producers will decrease faster than the number of consumers. Favourable market changes in the demographic structure are practically exhausted, and Moldova is entering a period of depopulation. The evolution of the demographic dividend in Moldova is in line with regional trends. However, with an active policy to increase the population's economic activity and improve living standards, there is an opportunity to reap the benefits created by the second demographic dividend. In addition, it is necessary to diversify the investment opportunities for savings, which would contribute to the accumulation of assets and indirectly increase the fixed capital..\u0000","PeriodicalId":30515,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Sociology","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84090234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-01
Thomas Herzfeld, E. Lucasenco, D. Zvyagintsev
Public support for the agricultural sector of Moldova represents an essential priority of the bodies entitled to the development and implementation of public policies in the field of agriculture. Given the accelerated attempts to join the European Union, an alignment of the Moldovan agricultural policy to the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and broader EU green infrastructure with Green Deal and Farm to Fork, are receiving an increasing attention. In order to support the policy makers and the experts with input for the EU legal approximation and future EU accession negotiations, this article presents recent estimates of public support for the agricultural sector of the Moldova using the OECD methodology. More specifically, the Producer Support Estimate (PSE) results are presented for eleven products covering the period 2007-2018. Despite increasing budgetary support of agricultural producers from the Government of Moldova, PSE for most commodities is negative. Given the relatively low relevance of trade interventions, the calculated price differentials hint at non-policy-related barriers to price transmission between the border and the farm gate. Potential reasons are discussed, and policy recommendations are developed. Furthermore, the structure of public policies for agriculture and rural areas, approximated by the General Services Support Estimate (GSSE), are presented. The comparison with the current CAP reveals that the structure of instruments differs substantially. Funding for the current Moldovan agricultural policy is heavily concentrated on investment support and the inspection and control system. Although the CAP might be further reformed until Moldova joins the EU, environmental and rural development policy objectives will remain paramount within the EU, and the relevant ministries should start to develop suitable joint strategies.
{"title":"Agricultural policy development in Moldova over one decade: recent estimates and an outlook towards EU accession","authors":"Thomas Herzfeld, E. Lucasenco, D. Zvyagintsev","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-01","url":null,"abstract":"Public support for the agricultural sector of Moldova represents an essential priority of the bodies entitled to the development and implementation of public policies in the field of agriculture. Given the accelerated attempts to join the European Union, an alignment of the Moldovan agricultural policy to the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and broader EU green infrastructure with Green Deal and Farm to Fork, are receiving an increasing attention. In order to support the policy makers and the experts with input for the EU legal approximation and future EU accession negotiations, this article presents recent estimates of public support for the agricultural sector of the Moldova using the OECD methodology. More specifically, the Producer Support Estimate (PSE) results are presented for eleven products covering the period 2007-2018. Despite increasing budgetary support of agricultural producers from the Government of Moldova, PSE for most commodities is negative. Given the relatively low relevance of trade interventions, the calculated price differentials hint at non-policy-related barriers to price transmission between the border and the farm gate. Potential reasons are discussed, and policy recommendations are developed. Furthermore, the structure of public policies for agriculture and rural areas, approximated by the General Services Support Estimate (GSSE), are presented. The comparison with the current CAP reveals that the structure of instruments differs substantially. Funding for the current Moldovan agricultural policy is heavily concentrated on investment support and the inspection and control system. Although the CAP might be further reformed until Moldova joins the EU, environmental and rural development policy objectives will remain paramount within the EU, and the relevant ministries should start to develop suitable joint strategies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":30515,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Sociology","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77703598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2022.2-06
Inga Sinchevici-Chistruga
Parental leave policies are important instruments regulating how the men’s and women’s concurrent role as parents and employees is valued and encouraged. Although paternity leave in Moldova was introduced in 2016, the share of fathers who benefit from this leave remains low. The article presents the results of the qualitative sociological study conducted in 2022 with fathers who took paternity leave and fathers who did not take it. The aim of the research was to determine the barriers faced by fathers in taking paternity leave. The benefits of paternity leave for both fathers and the whole family were found: formatting strong emotional bonds between father and child, developing newborn care skills, strengthening confidence in their ability to care for children, improving family relations. In the implementation of this leave, fathers face social, professional, financial and cultural difficulties. Traditional stereotypes of behavior and ideas that a woman (mother) should take care of a child have a negative impact on the position of men (fathers) about the possibility of using parental leave. The level of education and the position on the labor market are determining factors in the use of paternity leave. Respondents who took paternity leave have higher education, stable occupational position and relatively high incomes; and those who did not take this leave have secondary education, unstable occupational position, and low incomes. Most of the fathers who used parental leave had the first child in the family, and those who did not use it had a second or third child. The study found that some employers do not encourage their employees to take paternity leave. Often this is due to a shortage of workers in the organization / enterprise, and is also more typical for the private sector.
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